Deck 1: A Preview of the Cell

Question 1

The outcome of the joining of cytology and biochemistry yielded a better understanding of the cell by

A)identification of cellular biochemical pathways.
B)identification of cellular structures.
C)demonstration of bioinformatics.
D)both A and B.
E)both B and C.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Once a scientific theory becomes a law, it

A)cannot be changed.
B)becomes static.
C)is subject to modification.
D)is irrefutable.
E)cannot be challenged.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The classic work of Wöhler (1828)that united the fields of biology and chemistry was based on the

A)identification of nucleotide bases.
B)production of urea in the laboratory.
C)discovery of ATP.
D)discovery of yeast ferments.
E)analysis of gene segregation.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Melvin Calvin and his colleagues used which of the following to deduce the steps in the Calvin Cycle?

A)Drosophila melanogaster
B)radioisotopes
C)negative staining
D)ultracentrifugation
E)electron microscopy

Question 5

A scientist is examining motile protozoa. He wishes to determine their direction of movement. Which of the following microscopic techniques is least likely to be used to view these cells?

A)phase- contrast microscopy
B)fluorescence microscopy
C)light microscopy
D)electron microscopy
E)differential interference contrast microscopy

Question 6

Of the following specialized procedures, which may be used with the electron microscope?

A)scanning electron microscopy
B)freeze fracturing
C)shadowing with gold
D)negative staining
E)all of the above

Question 7

All of the following biochemical techniques have allowed us to understand cell structure and function EXCEPT

A)ultracentrifugation.
B)mass spectrometry.
C)electrophoresis.
D)light microscopy.
E)chromatography.

Question 8

The steps of the "scientific method," in the correct order, are

A)collect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, make observations, and design experiments.
B)collect data, interpret results, test the hypothesis, design experiments, make observations, and draw conclusions.
C)design experiments, draw conclusions, collect data, interpret results, make observations, and test the hypothesis.
D)make observations, formulate the hypothesis, design experiments, collect data, interpret results, and draw conclusions.
E)none of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is closest to a micrometer in size?

A)the width of a strand of DNA
B)a typical bacterial cell
C)the length of a plant cell
D)the size of a ribosome
E)the length of a chicken egg

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?

A)The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms.
B)All cells arise from preexisting cells.
C)All organisms consist of one or more cells.
D)All cells have a membrane bound nucleus.
E)none of the above

Question 11

Which scientist is credited with coining the term "cell" from the Latin cellulae?

A)Robert Hooke
B)Matthias Schleiden
C)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D)Robert Brown
E)Theodor Schwann

Question 12

Which type of microscopy enhances and amplifies slight changes in the phase of transmitted light?

A)differential interference contrast microscopy
B)fluorescence microscopy
C)digital video microscopy
D)phase- contrast microscopy
E)both A and D

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT true of brightfield microscopy?

A)White light is utilized.
B)Specimens usually must be fixed.
C)Phase- contrast microscopy is a variant of brightfield microscopy.
D)Specimens are always viewed without being stained.
E)Light passes through the object being examined.

Question 14

Which laws were formulated by Mendel?

A)heredity
B)diffusion
C)thermodynamics
D)ideal gas laws
E)gravity

Question 15

In 1665, used a microscope that he had built to examine thin slices of _ . While examining this material, he observed tiny compartments that he called cellulae.

A)Robert Brown; plant material
B)Robert Hooke; cork
C)Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells
D)Rudolf Virchow; collagen
E)Theodor Schwann; animal tissue

Question 16

You wish to obtain a pure mitochondria sample from lysed cells. The best way to obtain this sample would be

A)polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
B)chromatography.
C)agarose gel electrophoresis.
D)centrifugation.
E)both A and C.

Question 17

Which of the following can ONLY be viewed by electron microscopy?

A)frog eggs
B)bacteria
C)viruses
D)mitochondria
E)nuclei

Question 18

A microtome is used to

A)dissect cellular organelles.
B)slice thin sections of specimens.
C)focus short wavelengths of light.
D)view microscopic organisms.
E)manipulate tiny objects.

Question 19

Gregor Mendel was most influential in which field of biology?

A)chromatography
B)cytology
C)genetics
D)bacterial transformation
E)biochemistry

Question 20

Cell biology emerged from which of the following fields of biology?

A)genetics
B)biochemistry
C)cytology
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 21

is a biochemical technique that allows one to separate biological molecules based on size, shape, and/or affinity for specific molecules or functional groups.

Question 22

Glycolysis is also called the pathway after the scientists who did most of the work to define it.

Question 23

Which of the following is true of a nanometer?

A)A nanometer is one millionth of a meter.
B)A nanometer is about the size of a common bacterial cell.
C)The nanometer is the most common measurement used in measuring whole cells.
D)A nanometer is equivalent to 10 Angstoms (Å).
E)none of the above

Question 24

Which type of microscopy has the greatest resolving power?

A)phase- contrast
B)digital video
C)electron
D)fluorescence
E)confocal scanning

Question 25

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)is especially suited to

A)creating a sense of depth.
B)observe living specimens.
C)examine internal cellular structure.
D)both A and C.
E)choices A, B, and C.

Question 26

When scientists use the scientific method, they use terms to indicate their degree of certainty. Which of the following terms conveys the least degree of certainty?

A)theory
B)law
C)hypothesis
D)both hypothesis and theory
E)both theory and law

Question 27

Which of the following is smallest?

A)a mitochondrion
B)a bacterium
C)a virus
D)a ribosome
E)a protein

Question 28

The Latin phrase omnis cellula e cellula refers to a cellular principle. Which of the following statements is the best translation of this phrase?

A)Tissues are composed of similar cells.
B)The cell is the basic unit of structure.
C)Organs are composed of tissues and cells.
D)All cells arise only from preexisting cells.
E)Cells generally are found in clusters.

Question 29

Jacques Monod and François Jacob deduced the mechanism responsible for the regulation of bacterial gene expression. They are, therefore, responsible for launching the era of

A)biochemistry.
B)light microscopy.
C)radioisotopes.
D)the scientific method.
E)molecular genetics.

Question 30

The limit of resolution can best be defined as

A)the magnification power of a microscope.
B)the distance that an object must be moved to be distinguished from its background.
C)the solvent that must be available to remix a solution.
D)the distance that two objects must be apart to be distinguished as separate objects.
E)the inverse of the wavelength of light; it is greatest for black light.

Question 31

The scientific work that established DNA, rather than protein, as the molecule of heredity is credited to

A)Monod and Jacob.
B)Watson and Crick.
C)Correns, von Tschermak, and de Vries.
D)Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty.
E)Beadle and Tatum.

Question 32

In 1880, Walther Flemming identified , threadlike bodies seen in dividing cells.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of fluorescence microscopy?

A)Fluorescence microscopy is best at viewing rounded, thicker specimens.
B)Fluorescent light is emitted throughout the specimen being viewed.
C)Fluorescence microscopy is able to overcome problems with confocal scanning microscopy.
D)Fluorescence microscopy presents images in three dimensions.
E)Fluorescence microscopy is used to view dead specimens only.

Question 34

1 mm = nm

A)1/1000
B)10
C)1/1,000,000
D)1,000,000
E)1000

Question 35

Which organelle is round and derives its name from the Latin word for "kernel"?

A)mitochondrion
B)nucleus
C)Golgi complex
D)chloroplast
E)lysosome