Deck 11: Phototrophic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

Question 1

Plastocyanin (PC)

A)is a mobile electron carrier.
B)is also called plastoquinol.
C)carries only a single electron at a time.
D)both A and C
E)choices A, B, and C

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Hatch- Slack cycle occurs in which of the following types of plants?

A)algae
B)C₃ plants
C)C4 plants
D)tropical grasses
E)both C and D

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated from

A)a routine step in evolution.
B)purple bacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell.
C)the slow evolution of various organelles over millions of years, particularly during the time of the dinosaurs.
D)the fusion of several prokaryotes.
E)a long, intense period of lightning.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which three organelles are involved in the glycolate pathway?

A)peroxisome, chloroplast, mitochondrion
B)lysosome, chloroplast, rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)Golgi complex, peroxisome, lysosome
D)mitochondrion, nucleus, lysosome
E)peroxisome, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast

Question 5

Based upon the comparisons of anoxygenic and oxygenic photosythesis, the entry of oxygen into the atmosphere is most directly attributed to

A)photoreactivation.
B)photosystem I.
C)photosystem II.
D)bacteriorhodopsin.
E)the Calvin cycle.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding CAM plants is true?

A)Stomata are open during the day.
B)CO₂ is transported directly into mesophyll cells.
C)Assimilate 25% less CO₂ than C₃ plants.
D)Malate is stored in large vacuoles.
E)Both B and C

Question 7

The plants referred to as C₃ and C4 plants get this designation based on the number of carbons in the first detectable product of carbon dioxide fixation. The C₃ product is , whereas the C4 product is .

A)triose phosphate; oxaloacetate
B)glycerol; malate
C)3- phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate
D)ribose; phosphoenolpyruvate
E)3- phosphoglycerate; malate

Question 8

Biosynthesis of sucrose occurs in the

A)cytoplasm.
B)stroma thylakoids.
C)stroma.
D)thylakoid lumen.
E)intermembrane space.

Question 9

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and NAD+/NADH?

A)NADP+/NADPH has an extra phosphate compared to NAD+/NADH.
B)Only NAD+/NADH is used to transport electrons and protons.
C)Neither are helpful to oxygenic phototrophs.
D)NADP+/NADPH is used primarily for catabolic reactions.
E)Both are used extensively during photosynthesis in oxygenic phototrophs.

Question 10

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP

A)and organic compounds from sunlight.
B)from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO₂.
C)from organic compounds.
D)from organic compounds, but use sunlight to produce carbon sources.
E)from some forms of chemicals.

Question 11

Carbon dioxide generally enters the plant through pores called

A)stomata.
B)mesophyll.
C)the cuticle.
D)bacteriochlorophylls.
E)connexons.

Question 12

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis?

A)dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate
B)ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate and glycerol phosphate
C)dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerate- 1,3- bisphosphate
D)3- phosphoglycerate and ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate
E)3- phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll?

A)a phycobilin
B)lutein
C)beta- carotene
D)phycochlorophyll
E)phycocyanin

Question 14

The Emerson enhancement effect

A)was proposed by Robert Emerson in the 1980s.
B)states that there are three or four separate photoreactions.
C)is a synergistic phenomenon.
D)is the result of two distinct photosystems.
E)both C and D

Question 15

Of the following plastids, which is NOT paired with the proper contents?

A)amyloplasts - amylase
B)chloroplasts - chlorophyll
C)chromoplasts - non- chlorophyll pigments
D)elaioplasts - lipids
E)proteinoplasts - protein

Question 16

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle?

A)It is a carbon assimilation process.
B)The Calvin cycle is a means of carbon fixation.
C)In this process, carbon dioxide is reduced to organic sugars.
D)It occurs in the chloroplast stroma.
E)all of the above

Question 17

Which of the following products CANNOT be used in the Calvin cycle?

A)CO₂
B)NADPH
C)ribulose- 1, 5- bisphosphate
D)3- phosphoglycerate
E)phosphoglycolate

Question 18

The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane

A)contains an assembly of hydrophobic polypeptides that function in ATP synthesis.
B)contains an embedded CF1 component and a protruding CFo component.
C)performs photophosphorylation in oxygenic phototrophs.
D)is identical to the FoF1 complex of mitochondria.
E)all of the above

Question 19

The regeneration of what CO₂ acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle?

A)glycerate- 1,3- bisphosphate
B)glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate
C)dihydroxyacetone phosphate
D)3- phosphoglycerate
E)ribulose- 1,5- bisphosphate

Question 20

Which of the following pigments is found exclusively in red algae?

A)chlorophyll c
B)fi- carotene
C)lutein
D)chlorophyll a
E)phycoerythrin

Question 21

In the Calvin Cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3- phosphoglycerate is

A)phosphoglycerokinase.
B)ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco).
C)glyceraldehyde- 3- phosphate dehydrogenase.
D)phosphoribulokinase.
E)triose phosphate isomerase.

Question 22

proteins stabilize the arrangement of the chlorophyll within a photosystem and modify the absorption spectra of specific chlorophyll molecules.

Question 23

The endosymbiont theory attempts to explain the evolutionary origin of eukaryotes. Describe this theory in a paragraph. Be sure to use these terms: semiautonomous organelles, symbiotic relationship, protoeukaryote, purple bacteria, cyanobacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Question 24

NADP+ is the coenzyme of choice in reactions while NAD+ is the coenzyme of choice in _ reactions.

A)anabolic; both catabolic and anabolic
B)metabolic; anabolic
C)catabolic; anabolic
D)anabolic; catabolic
E)both catabolic and anabolic; catabolic

Question 25

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI)and photosystem II (PSII)is correctly described by which of the following statements?

A)PSI is designated P700, whereas PSII is designated P680.
B)PSI absorbs only short wavelengths of light.
C)The absorption maximum of PSI is 680 nm.
D)Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII, but not both.
E)The absorption maximum of PSII is 700 nm.

Question 26

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the

A)region between in the inner and outer membranes.
B)cytochromes associated with the thylakoids.
C)central semi- fluid region.
D)connection between the grana.
E)stack of thylakoids.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT an essential feature of electron transfer from water to NADP+?

A)coenzyme Q
B)photosystem I complex
C)cytochrome b6/f complex
D)photosystem II complex
E)plastocyanin (PC)

Question 28

Which of the following compounds is NOT a source of electrons for anoxygenic photosynthesis?

A)S₂O3²-
B)H2O
C)succinate
D)SH-
E)All of the above are used.

Question 29

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll a and b in structure and function. Which of the following statements correctly contrasts these types of chlorophyll?

A)Bacteriochlorophyll has a saturated carbon- carbon bond at one location in the porphyrin ring, whereas chlorophyll does not.
B)Bacteriochlorophyll has a porphyrin ring, whereas chlorophyll does not.
C)Chlorophyll has a phytol side chain, but bacteriochlorophyll does not.
D)Chlorophyll has a methyl group attached to the porphyrin ring, whereas bacteriochlorophyll has a formyl group.
E)Both A and D correctly contrast these types of chlorophyll.

Question 30

The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molecule is known as

A)photophosphorylation.
B)photorespiration.
C)photoexcitation.
D)resonance energy transfer.
E)quantum leap.

Question 31

Which of the following initially traps solar energy in the process of photosynthesis?

A)ATP
B)triose phosphate
C)chlorophyll
D)water
E)NADP+

Question 32

NADPH contains the pentose sugar and the nitrogenous base .

A)deoxyribose; cytosine
B)ribose; nicotinamide
C)glucose; thymine
D)deoxyribose; nicotinamide
E)ribose; adenine

Question 33

(CAM)plants open their stomata only at night to minimize water loss.

Question 34

A house plant seems to be growing slowly and lacks its normal bright green color. You call a botanist for advice. She suggests that the plant may be deficient in magnesium (Mg++). Why are these symptoms associated with Mg++ deficiency?

A)Cytochromes require Mg++ to function properly.
B)Mg++ is important in the structure of many amino acids.
C)Mg++ is required before NADPH can function.
D)Mg++ is an important component in chlorophyll.
E)Lack of Mg++ in the soil allows pathogenic bacteria to grow.

Question 35

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis?

A)70S ribosomes function as photosystems.
B)They are parasites of plants that do have organelles.
C)DNA in the nucleoid captures solar energy.
D)They use their cell membrane to carry out photosynthesis.
E)They interact in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic plants.