Deck 25: Genetics and Genetic Diseases

Question 1

A mother with normal vision (not a carrier for color-blindness)and a father who is color-blind will produce which of the following offspring?

A) 100% of the sons will be color-blind
B) 50% of the sons will be color-blind
C) 100% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness
D) 50% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness

Answer 1

100% of the daughters will be carriers for color-blindness

Question 2

The shorter segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.

A) l
B) p
C) q
D) s

Answer 2

p

Question 3

Which of the following is a photograph of chromosomes that are cut out and pasted onto a chart and used to detect chromosomal disorders?

A) pedigree
B) karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) plasmid

Answer 3

karyotype

Question 4

The human genome contains about how many genes?

A) 100,000
B) 75,000
C) 50,000
D) 25,000

Question 5

The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called the

A) genome
B) karyotype
C) chromosomes
D) both B and C

Question 6

Which of the following can be a genetic mutagen?

A) radiation
B) virus
C) chemicals
D) All of the above can be genetic mutagens.

Question 7

Which of the following conditions results from monosomy?

A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) both A and C above

Question 8

The mother is a carrier for albinism and the father has two dominant genes for normal skin color.The probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 9

The final product of a gene is a

A) chromatin strand
B) protein
C) messenger RNA molecule
D) chromosome

Question 10

The longer segment of a chromosome is called the _____-arm.

A) l
B) p
C) q
D) s

Question 11

A person with monosomy has _____ chromosomes.

A) 45
B) 46
C) 47
D) 48

Question 12

The structure that divides the chromosome into longer and shorter segments is called the

A) centromere
B) genome
C) mitochondria
D) centrioles

Question 13

Which of the following conditions results from trisomy?

A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) both A and C

Question 14

A mechanism that helps ensure genetic variation is

A) sperm cells not sharing the same genome
B) egg cells not sharing the same genome
C) crossing-over
D) all of the above

Question 15

If both the mother and father are carriers for albinism,the probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 16

A mother who is a carrier for red-green color-blindness and a father with normal vision will produce which of the following offspring?

A) 25% of their daughters will be color-blind
B) 50% of their daughters will be color-blind
C) 25% of their sons will be color-blind
D) 50% of their sons will be color-blind

Question 17

A person with trisomy has _____ chromosomes.

A) 45
B) 46
C) 47
D) 48

Question 18

The process by which gametes have their chromosome number reduced by half is called

A) mitosis
B) crossing-over
C) meiosis
D) linkage

Question 19

If both the mother and father are albino,the probability that their offspring will be albino is

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%

Question 20

During cell division,each strand of chromatin coils to form a

A) gene
B) messenger RNA
C) chromosome
D) both A and C

Question 21

Which genetic disease is caused by a recessive gene that causes impairment of chloride ion transport across the cell membrane?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) cystic fibrosis
C) phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 22

Which would be most useful in detecting Turner syndrome?

A) a pedigree
B) a Punnett square
C) a karyotype
D) Both A and B would be useful in detecting Turner syndrome.

Question 23

Which of the following is a grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait?

A) pedigree
B) karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) plasmid

Question 24

An ideogram is a drawing of a chromosome.

Question 25

The entire collection of genetic material in a cell is called the genome.

Question 26

Which genetic disease is caused by a recessive gene that fails to make an essential lipid-processing enzyme?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) cystic fibrosis
C) phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 27

The final step in gene expression is frequently an enzyme.

Question 28

The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete independent units called genes.

Question 29

Which of the following is a chart that illustrates the genetic relationship in a family over several generations?

A) pedigree
B) karyotype
C) Punnett square
D) plasmid

Question 30

Which genetic disease results from a recessive gene that fails to produce an enzyme needed to convert an amino acid into tyrosine?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) cystic fibrosis
C) phenylketonuria
D) Turner syndrome

Question 31

The scientific study of inheritance is called genetics.

Question 32

The human genome contains about 100,000 genes.

Question 33

Only slightly more than 25% of the genetic material contains functional genes; the other 75% is filler.

Question 34

Which term describes a non-coding part of DNA that may be a fragmented or nonfunctional gene?

A) genome
B) pseudogene
C) genomic
D) proteome

Question 35

What percent of DNA carries functional genes?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 25%

Question 36

The first step in gene expression is the formation of a molecule of mRNA.

Question 37

Which of the following does not describe a gene?

A) a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases
B) used to transcribe a specific mRNA molecule
C) used to determine the structure of regulatory enzymes for the cell
D) All of the above describe a gene.

Question 38

All DNA in a human cell is found in the nucleus.

Question 39

Another term for a chromatin strand is a gene.

Question 40

The study of the proteins that are made by the human genome is called proteomics.

Question 41

An albino father and a mother with normal skin color who carries the gene for albinism have the probability of having 25% of their offspring be albino.

Question 42

The p-arm is the long segment of the chromosome.

Question 43

A recessive trait carried on the X chromosome acts like a dominant trait in a male offspring.

Question 44

A dominant gene will prevent the recessive gene from being expressed.

Question 45

The process of crossing-over helps prevent genetic variation in the offspring.

Question 46

The q-arm is the long segment of the chromosome.

Question 47

Two albino parents will have all albino children.

Question 48

A gene can be reduced to a sequence of DNA nucleotides.

Question 49

The p-arm and q-arm are determined by the location of the centromere.

Question 50

Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes each.

Question 51

A recessive trait on an autosome will be expressed only if both chromosomes have a recessive gene.

Question 52

Sperm from the same father will always carry the same set of chromosomes.

Question 53

Because the father has both X and Y chromosomes,it is his gamete rather than the mother's that determines the sex of the offspring.

Question 54

The exchange of genetic material between pairs of autosomes is called crossing-over.

Question 55

Because sickle cell anemia is a co-dominant trait,people who have one gene for sickle cell anemia are different from people with two genes for normal blood.

Question 56

A person with one dominant gene for normal skin color and one gene for albinism will look the same as a person with two dominant genes for normal skin color.

Question 57

Ova from the same mother will always carry the same set of chromosomes.

Question 58

The human genome contains 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 59

A father and mother who both have normal skin color but carry the gene for albinism will have only offspring with normal skin color.

Question 60

Two genes that are located on the same chromosome are said to be linked.

Question 61

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a dominant gene that prevents the proper movement of sodium into and out of the cell.

Question 62

A Punnett square can be used to determine the probability of two carriers of albinism having an albino offspring.

Question 63

A color-blind mother and a normal vision father will have both sons and daughters who are color-blind.

Question 64

A mutagen is an agent that causes a mutation.

Question 65

A color-blind father and a normal vision mother who did not carry the gene for color-blindness will have 50% of the sons color-blind and 100% of the daughters as carriers for color-blindness.

Question 66

Both monosomy and trisomy result from nondisjunction.

Question 67

A photograph of chromosomes that have been cut out and pasted onto a chart in pairs according to size is called a pedigree.

Question 68

A grid used to determine the probability of inheriting a genetic trait is called a pedigree.

Question 69

A karyotype can be used to detect Down syndrome.

Question 70

PKU can be managed by careful dietary restrictions of certain amino acids.

Question 71

The term genetic disease means the same thing as genetic predisposition.

Question 72

People with Down syndrome and Turner syndrome have at least 47 chromosomes.

Question 73

Monosomy and trisomy are considered a genetic predisposition for disease.

Question 74

All mutations are harmful to the organism.

Question 75

A genetic mutation is a change in the DNA code.

Question 76

The terms sex-linked and X-linked trait mean the same thing.

Question 77

A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a pedigree.

Question 78

A mother who is a carrier of the color-blind trait and a father with normal color vision will pass on color-blindness to 50% of their sons.

Question 79

Down syndrome results from nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosome.

Question 80

People with Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome have at least 47 chromosomes.