Deck 7: Leadership

Question 1

Leadership functions are grouped into two categories: initiating structure and human relations.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Implicit leadership theory defines leadership from the standpoint of persons who are being led.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to a Business Week poll in 2007, most managers did not consider themselves to be among the best leaders in their organizations.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Leader-member exchange is concerned with leaders' and subordinates' cognitive abilities.

Question 5

Path-goal theory focuses on the interaction among a leader's cognitive resources, job performance, and level of stress.

Question 6

McGregor's Theory Y holds that people dislike work and need strong, directive leadership.

Question 7

Transformational leaders inspire feelings of worker empowerment.

Question 8

Transformational leaders are constrained by their followers' expectations.

Question 9

Psychologists have proposed five types of leadership power: reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert power.

Question 10

Half of all new business ventures and start-up companies fail within their first two years.

Question 11

Recent research does not support the thinking that intelligence is highly related to leadership.

Question 12

In testing the implicit leadership theory, two traits were found to be associated with bad leadership: tyranny and masculinity.

Question 13

The scientific management philosophy is concerned with satisfying employees' personal growth needs.

Question 14

Charismatic leaders are more transactional than they are transformational.(F, pp.164-165)

Question 15

Four styles of leadership under Path-goal theory are: directive, supportive, participative, and charismatic.(F, pp.160-161)

Question 16

The higher the level, the more consideration functions and the less initiating structure functions are required of the leader.

Question 17

Contingency theory suggests that leader effectiveness is determined by the interaction between the leader's personal characteristics and aspects of the situation.

Question 18

The self-fulfilling prophecy has been widely demonstrated in the workplace.

Question 19

The traditional tasks of organizing, defining, and directing the work of subordinates are associated with the
initiating consideration dimension of leadership.

Question 20

Transactional leaders inspire subordinates and redirect their behavior through personal charisma, intellectual stimulation, and consideration.

Question 21

According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, the .

A)person-oriented leader will be most effective in extremely favorable or extremely unfavorable situations
B)person-oriented leader will be most effective in moderately favorable situations
C)task-oriented leader will be most effective in moderately favorable situations
D)task-oriented leader will be most effective to the extent the task is intellectually demanding

Question 22

F.W.Taylor is most closely associated with which topic listed below?

A)Scientific management
B)Theory X, Theory Y
C)Human relations
D)Contingency theory

Question 23

Studies show that people who acquire the support of mentors within a company are no more likely to advance within the corporate hierarchy than anyone else.

Question 24

Effective leadership depends on the interaction of which three factors?

A)environment, culture, traits
B)traits and behaviors of leaders, characteristics of the followers, nature of the situation
C)characteristics of the leader, characteristics of the followers, organizational level
D)organizational shape, power of the leader, maturity of the followers

Question 25

McClelland's (1975) Leadership Motive Pattern (LMP) includes a high need for both power and affiliation.

Question 26

When women succeed on the job, their supervisors are more likely to attribute their success to external factors.

Question 27

According to a study by Ellin (2004), women are just as likely to negotiate their salaries as men.

Question 28

Worker confidence in senior management has eroded to the point where only about of employees trust the judgment of their company's executives.

A)one half
B)one third
C)one quarter
D)one fifth

Question 29

Effective executives need human relations skills more than they need decision-making and technical skills.

Question 30

According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory, leadership effectiveness depends on .

A)interaction between the leader's personal characteristics and the characteristics of the situation
B)interaction of the leader's cognitive resources and level of stress
C)behaviors that allow subordinates to achieve personal and organizational goals
D)standards of behavior the leader should follow in decision-making

Question 31

What is the role of I-O psychologists in corporate leadership?

A)selection
B)training
C)research
D)all of the above

Question 32

Scientific management _.

A)arose under the Hawthorne Studies
B)is a philosophy concerned with increasing productivity
C)specifies traits and behaviors of leaders
D)is the scientific approach to the study of leadership

Question 33

The Theory Y approach is _.

A)compatible with human relations
B)compatible with scientific management
C)compatible with initiating structure
D)compatible with task motivation

Question 34

The Theory X approach .

A)assumes people function best under participatory leadership
B)is compatible with MBO
C)assumes people are lazy
D)assumes people find satisfaction in their work

Question 35

According to Avery, McKay, and Wilson (2008), Black employees with Black supervisors actually reported more racial discrimination than did those with White supervisors.

Question 36

Unsuccessful executives frequently fall victim to the invulnerability fallacy.

Question 37

The glass ceiling is often a barrier for promotions for minorities.

Question 38

The Theory Y approach is most closely associated with _.

A)Douglas McGregor
B)F.W.Taylor
C)Fred Fiedler
D)Hersey and Blanchard

Question 39

Participative management, self-managing work groups, and computer technology are stressful for supervisors.

Question 40

Research indicates that women receive less frequent mentoring from higher level managers than do men.(F, p 174)

Question 41

Which leadership theory suggests that a leader's control depends on the relationship between leader/followers, the degree of task structure, and the leader's authority?

A)Contingency theory
B)LMX theory
C)Path-goal theory
D)Implicit leadership theory

Question 42

According to LMX Theory, are viewed by the leader as competent, trustworthy, and highly motivated.

A)out-group
B)in-group
C)other-group
D)most employees

Question 43

Which of the following is not a characteristic trait associated with good leadership according to the study of implicit leadership by Epitropaki and Martin (2004)?

A)sensitivity
B)intelligence
C)dedication
D)dynamism
E)masculinity

Question 44

The rewards provided by leaders are based on the perceived needs of their followers in exchange for a certain level of performance.

A)authoritarian
B)transactional
C)democratic
D)transformational

Question 45

leadership works best when situations require rapid and efficient job performance.

A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Transactional
D)Transformational

Question 46

This type of leader is not constrained by their followers' perceptions but is free to change their follower's views.

A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Transactional
D)Transformational

Question 47

According to LMX Theory, out-group employees .

A)are viewed as requiring close supervision
B)have significant autonomy
C)have close leader-member relations
D)are viewed as competent and trustworthy

Question 48

leadership results when leaders make all the decisions, and leadership results when leaders and followers discuss problems and make decisions jointly.

A)Transactional; transformational
B)Transformational; transactional
C)Ineffective; effective
D)Authoritarian; democratic

Question 49

is a self-fulfilling prophecy in which manager's expectations about their employees' job performance can influence that performance.

A)The Andromeda effect
B)The Pygmalion effect
C)LMX theory
D)Transformational predisposition

Question 50

Three components of transformational leadership are:

A)leader's intelligence, job-related knowledge, competence
B)charisma, consideration, intellectual stimulation
C)intelligence, risk-taking, agreeableness
D)extroversion, agreeableness, charisma

Question 51

Research indicates that the three most effective types of leadership power are:

A)reward, coercive, legitimate
B)reward, legitimate, expert
C)expert, legitimate, referent
D)reward, legitimate, referent

Question 52

theory defines leadership from the standpoint of the persons who are led.

A)Contingency
B)Implicit Leadership
C)LMX
D)Path-goal

Question 53

leaders identify the needs of their followers and bestow rewards to satisfy those needs in exchange for a certain level of performance.

A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Transactional
D)Transformational

Question 54

focuses on the kinds of leader behavior that allows subordinates to achieve personal and organizational goals.

A)Contingency theory
B)LMX theory
C)Path-goal theory
D)Implicit leadership theory

Question 55

LMX Theory has two leadership styles: (based on formal authority) and (based on persuasion).

A)autocratic; democratic
B)authoritarian; participative
C)supervision; leadership
D)initiating structure; consideration

Question 56

At Ohio State University, a variety of leadership tasks and behaviors were grouped into which two dimensions of leader behavior?

A)authoritarian; libertarian
B)initiating structure; delegating
C)consideration; initiating structure
D)coaching; delegating

Question 57

leaders challenge and inspire with a sense of purpose and excitement.

A)Authoritarian
B)Democratic
C)Transactional
D)Transformational

Question 58

theory focuses on how the leader-follower relationship affects the leadership process.

A)Leader-Member Exchange
B)Contingency
C)Path-goal
D)Implicit Leadership

Question 59

What are the four leadership styles that may be adopted in Path-Goal Theory?

A)Directive, supportive, participative, delegating
B)Directive, supportive, participative, achievement-oriented
C)Telling, selling, participating, delegating
D)Autocratic, democratic, supportive, achievement-oriented

Question 60

According to Path-Goal Theory, a leadership style is one in which the leader shows concern for subordinates.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)achievement-oriented

Question 61

Research indicates that the Big 5 personality factor of is related to a sense of control among the CEO's top management teams

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)extraversion
D)openness to experience

Question 62

High consideration behavior relates to .

A)Theory x
B)supervision
C)participative leadership
D)directive leadership

Question 63

According to a study by Simons, Friedman, Lie, and Parks (2007), Black employees:

A)expressed higher organizational commitment than White employees.
B)were less likely to quit their jobs than White employees.
C)were far more critical of Black managers than White managers.
D)were far more critical of White managers than Black managers.

Question 64

The obstacles to advancement of female managers identified by Lyness and Thompson (2000) include _.

A)lack of fit with the corporate culture
B)deliberate exclusion from informal networks
C)higher standards than male managers
D)all of the above

Question 65

According to the text, which of the following is the appropriate rank order of college majors that predict promotion rates (in order)?

A)humanities; business administration; sciences
B)business administration; sciences; humanities
C)sciences; business administration; humanities
D)business administration; humanities; sciences

Question 66

High initiating structure behavior relates to .

A)task-oriented leadership
B)participative leadership
C)full leadership
D)directive leadership

Question 67

Unsuccessful executives typically fail because of factors rather than factors.

A)situational; dispositional
B)personality; dispositional
C)personality; job performance
D)job performance; personality

Question 68

According to a study by Ellin (2004), percent of women MBAs indicated they negotiated their salary for a management position.

A)7
B)17
C)27
D)57

Question 69

According to Sternberg (2003), unsuccessful executives who believe they know everything are suffering from the fallacy.

A)unrealistic optimism
B)invulnerability
C)omniscience
D)omnipotence

Question 70

Those leadership behaviors concerned with organizing, defining, and directing the work activity of subordinates reflect the dimension.

A)consideration
B)initiating structure
C)normative
D)coercive

Question 71

Which of the following is the rank order of college majors that predict promotion rates (in order)?

A)humanities, business administration, sciences
B)business administration, sciences, humanities
C)sciences, business administration, humanities
D)business administration, humanities, sciences

Question 72

According to McClelland (1975), the leadership motive pattern (LMP) includes all of the following needs except:

A)high need for power
B)high self-esteem
C)low need for affiliation
D)considerable self-control

Question 73

Successful first-line supervisors are .

A)person-centered
B)less people oriented and more work oriented
C)good at self-promotion and acquiring the sponsorship of a mentor
D)authoritarian

Question 74

Vecchio and Bullis (2001) found that the lowest level of satisfaction with an employee's supervisor was in the following situation:

A)White subordinate with a non-White supervisor
B)Non-White subordinate with a White supervisor
C)White subordinate with a White supervisor
D)Non-White subordinate with a non-White supervisor

Question 75

Martell and Desmet (2001) indicate that women are considered to be better than men at all the following leadership behaviors except:

A)mentoring
B)inspiring
C)rewarding
D)supporting