Deck 12: The Endocrine System

Question 1

An inadequate intake of iodine in the diet can

A) lead to hyperthyroidism
B) cause Graves disease
C) cause exophthalmos
D) cause a goiter

Answer 1

cause a goiter

Question 2

Which of the following is true of a steroid hormone?

A) Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
B) It requires a second messenger.
C) It converts ATP into cyclic AMP.
D) All of the above are true of steroid hormones.

Answer 2

Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.

Question 3

Calcitonin

A) is released by the parathyroid gland
B) prevents hypercalcemia
C) increases the calcium level in the blood
D) can cause Graves disease if it is hypersecreted

Answer 3

prevents hypercalcemia

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of a nonsteroid hormone?

A) It is carried through the blood to the target organ cell.
B) Its receptor is in the nucleus of the target organ cell.
C) It requires a second messenger.
D) All of the above are true of nonsteroid hormones.

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of luteinizing hormone?

A) It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
B) Its target organ cells are in the ovaries.
C) It stimulates ovulation.
D) All of the above are true of luteinizing hormone.

Question 6

The hypothalamus

A) is composed of a glandular portion and a nerve portion
B) produces ADH
C) releases ADH
D) is located in the sella turcica

Question 7

ACTH

A) causes the ovary to begin forming an egg follicle
B) stimulates the production of adrenal cortex hormone
C) stimulates the release of adrenaline
D) has target organ cells in the thyroid gland

Question 8

Which of these is not a symptom of Cushing syndrome?

A) moon face
B) buffalo hump
C) virilization in women
D) All of the above are symptoms of Cushing syndrome.

Question 9

Acromegaly is caused by

A) hypersecretion of ACTH
B) hyposecretion of ACTH
C) hypersecretion of growth hormone
D) hyposecretion of growth hormone

Question 10

Thyroxine

A) has fewer iodine atoms than triiodothyronine
B) stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) has more target cells than ADH
D) All of the above are true of thyroxine.

Question 11

Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?

A) It is located in the neck.
B) It is composed of a cortex and a medulla.
C) It produces thymosin.
D) It is important in the body's immune system.

Question 12

Dwarfism can be caused by

A) hypersecretion of ACTH
B) hyposecretion of ACTH
C) hypersecretion of growth hormone
D) hyposecretion of growth hormone

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of oxytocin?

A) It is produced in the posterior pituitary gland.
B) It causes the contractions of the uterus during labor.
C) It is one of the few hormones that are regulated by a positive feedback loop.
D) It stimulates "milk letdown" in nursing mothers.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The alpha cells of the pancreas secrete insulin.
B) Hypersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus.
C) Insulin causes an increase in the blood sugar level.
D) Glucagon and insulin are antagonists of each other.

Question 15

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

A) It responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system.
B) It helps produce the "fight-or-flight" response.
C) It releases epinephrine.
D) All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of glucocorticoids?

A) They are produced in the adrenal cortex.
B) They help regulate the blood sodium and potassium level.
C) They increase the amount of glucose in the blood through gluconeogenesis.
D) They have an antiallergy effect.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system?

A) The organs of the endocrine system are widely dispersed in the body.
B) All organs in the endocrine system are glands.
C) Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body cavities.
D) Endocrine glands produce hormones.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true of prostaglandins?

A) They can also be called tissue hormones.
B) They function like nonsteroid hormones because they cause the production of cyclic AMP.
C) They function like steroid hormones because they stimulate protein synthesis.
D) They travel a much shorter distance than most hormones.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true of the pineal gland?

A) It is located in the brain.
B) It produces melatonin.
C) It helps regulate the body's "biological clock."
D) All of the above are true of the pineal gland.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of parathyroid hormone?

A) It is made in the thyroid gland.
B) It decreases the amount of calcium in the blood.
C) It increases the amount of calcium in the blood.
D) It stimulates the formation of bone.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of the pituitary gland?

A) It is composed of two endocrine glands.
B) Its posterior portion is called the adenohypophysis.
C) It is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.
D) All of the above are true of the pituitary gland.

Question 22

If a hormone receptor is on the cell membrane,it is a receptor for a nonsteroid hormone.

Question 23

The endocrine system and the nervous system perform the same general function,but the activity of the endocrine system is slower and more long-lasting.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of the adrenal medulla?

A) It is the inner portion of the adrenal gland.
B) It secretes epinephrine.
C) It is the target organ for ACTH.
D) All of the above are true of the adrenal medulla.

Question 25

The first action of some nonsteroid hormones after they attach to their receptors is to cause a change in the cell's ATP.

Question 26

Because nonsteroid hormones are unable to pass through the cell membrane,a second messenger is needed.

Question 27

Part of the pituitary gland is not really a gland at all.

Question 28

If a hormone receptor is in the nucleus,it is a receptor for a steroid hormone.

Question 29

Which of the following is not considered a tropic hormone?

A) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 30

A target organ cell has a receptor for a particular hormone.

Question 31

The endocrine system is made up of both endocrine and exocrine glands.

Question 32

One of the main differences between a hormone and a prostaglandin is the distance traveled to the target cell.

Question 33

The negative feedback mechanism of hormone regulation helps maintain the body's homeostasis.

Question 34

Which of the following is not true of the ovaries?

A) The ovarian follicle secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
B) The corpus luteum secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
C) Each ovary contains two types of glandular structures.
D) All of the above are true of ovaries.

Question 35

Most nonsteroid hormones are regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 36

The term tissue hormone is another name given to prostaglandins.

Question 37

The result of the interaction between a nonsteroid hormone and a target cell is the formation of a new protein.

Question 38

Most prostaglandins have a mechanism similar to that of steroid hormones.

Question 39

In order to function,some steroid hormones must penetrate two membranes in a cell.

Question 40

Cyclic AMP is the second messenger for some nonsteroid hormones.The first messenger is the hormone itself.

Question 41

Graves disease and myxedema have the same cause; it just depends on when in life the deficiency occurs.

Question 42

Thyroxine contains more iodine than triiodothyronine.

Question 43

A hypersecretion of growth hormone has the same effect on the body as the hypersecretion of insulin.

Question 44

The thyroid stimulating hormone has a greater number of target cells than thyroxine.

Question 45

The action of ADH is to increase the production of urine to help eliminate toxins in the blood.

Question 46

The pituitary gland is protected by a depression in the sphenoid bone called the "Turkish saddle."

Question 47

Most salt sold in the United States is iodized salt; that is,a small amount is Na⁺ rather than NaCl.One benefit of this is a reduction in the number of goiters.

Question 48

Both ADH and oxytocin are produced in the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 49

Graves disease is one possible result of hypothyroidism.

Question 50

A hypersecretion of ADH can cause a condition called diabetes insipidus.

Question 51

If someone had a great deal of milk and dairy products in his or her diet (foods high in calcium),you would expect a low level of calcitonin in his or her blood.

Question 52

Oxytocin is also called the lactogenic hormone.

Question 53

The hypersecretion of growth hormone can produce a condition called acromegaly.

Question 54

The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH,but they are made in the hypothalamus.

Question 55

Oxytocin is one of the few hormones in the body that is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 56

Both oxytocin and prolactin have a role in the production of milk for a nursing mother.

Question 57

The follicle-stimulating hormone and the luteinizing hormone both have target cells in the ovaries.

Question 58

Because follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone have target cells in the ovaries,neither is produced in males.

Question 59

Calcitonin is produced in the thyroid gland.

Question 60

Of the two thyroid hormones,T₃ is more abundant but T₄ is more potent.

Question 61

The pineal gland is found in the brain.

Question 62

The main function of thymosin is to help regulate the body's biological clock.

Question 63

Glycosuria might indicate a failure in the production of insulin or a lack of functioning receptors for insulin on cells.

Question 64

The ovary secretes three hormones: estrogen,progesterone,and follicle-stimulating hormone.

Question 65

A hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone might cause the bones to become weak and fragile.

Question 66

Glucagon and insulin are antagonistic hormones.

Question 67

Cushing syndrome and Addison disease have opposite causes.

Question 68

The gland that contains the pancreatic islet cells that produce hormones is an exocrine gland.

Question 69

Glucocorticoids increase the amount of glucose in the blood and act as antiinflammatory agents.

Question 70

The thymus plays an important role in the immune system.

Question 71

Type 1 diabetes is a pancreatic problem; type 2 diabetes is a cellular problem.

Question 72

The thymus is found in the center of the chest and produces the hormone thymosin.

Question 73

ADH and aldosterone perform opposite functions.

Question 74

In a healthy person,an increase in blood sugar stimulates the activity of the alpha cells.

Question 75

The parathyroid hormone acts with calcitonin to increase the level of calcium in the blood.

Question 76

Cushing syndrome,virilization of women,and Addison disease can all be the results of hypersecretion of the adrenal gland.

Question 77

The parathyroid glands are found in the neck.

Question 78

The hormone used to detect pregnancy is released by the ovaries.

Question 79

The adrenal medulla functions like a large postganglionic fiber of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 80

A high level of aldosterone causes a high level of sodium to be excreted in the urine.