Deck 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Question 1

Which of the following is not part of the system that helps return lymph to the blood?

A) lacteals
B) cisterna chyli
C) thoracic duct
D) right lymphatic duct

Answer 1

lacteals

Question 2

Which structures are also referred to as adenoids?

A) pharyngeal tonsils
B) lingual tonsils
C) palatine tonsils
D) None of the above structures are referred to as adenoids.

Answer 2

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 3

The condition in which tissues exhibit swelling because of an accumulation of lymph is called

A) lymphadenitis
B) lymphedema
C) lymphoma
D) Hodgkin disease

Answer 3

lymphedema

Question 4

B lymphocytes that have been exposed to an antigen develop into cells that produce antibodies called _____ cells.

A) plasma
B) memory
C) bursa
D) Kupffer

Question 5

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an example of a(n)_____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) T cell-mediated
D) B cell-mediated

Question 6

Which of the following is not true of complement?

A) The complement cascade can be stimulated by antibodies.
B) Complement proteins bore holes in the foreign cells.
C) Complement allows the phagocytes to function more efficiently.
D) All of the above are true of complement.

Question 7

Getting a flu shot to protect against the flu is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 8

The fetus receives antibodies from the mother that last several weeks after birth.This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 9

Which of the following is not part of nonspecific immunity?

A) tears
B) plasma cells
C) phagocytic white blood cells
D) the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of antibodies?

A) They are specific to an antigen.
B) They release histamine to assist in the inflammation process.
C) They stimulate the complement cascade.
D) All of the above are true of antibodies.

Question 11

Poison ivy reactions are an example of a(n)_____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) allergic
D) phagocytic

Question 12

After birth,B cells change from stem cells to immature B cells in

A) bursa cells
B) memory cells
C) bone marrow
D) thymus gland

Question 13

If you have had the chickenpox once,you will not get chickenpox again.This is an example of __________ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 14

If you are exposed to hepatitis A and have not been vaccinated against it,you may receive antibodies from another person.This is an example of _____ immunity.

A) natural passive
B) natural active
C) artificial active
D) artificial passive

Question 15

Which lymphatic system structure in the mediastinum helps T lymphocytes mature?

A) pharyngeal tonsils
B) spleen
C) palatine tonsils
D) thymus

Question 16

Which abdominal structure is the largest of the lymphatic organs?

A) pharyngeal tonsils
B) spleen
C) palatine tonsils
D) thymus

Question 17

What cells are called monocytes when they move out of the circulatory system and into the tissues?

A) neutrophils
B) lymphocytes
C) plasma cells
D) monocytes

Question 18

Blood capillaries and lymph capillaries have all the following in common except

A) they are microscopic
B) the fluid in them continues to recirculate through the same vessels
C) they are made of endothelial tissue
D) All of the above are true of both blood capillaries and lymph capillaries.

Question 19

Stem cells seed which structure that helps develop T cells?

A) the bursa cells
B) the liver
C) the spleen
D) the thymus gland

Question 20

Veins in the circulatory system and veins in the lymphatic system have all of the following in common except they

A) carry fluid back toward the heart
B) have one-way valves
C) drain into the thoracic duct
D) All of the above are true of both veins of the circulatory system and veins of the lymphatic system.

Question 21

Which of the following is not true of lymph nodes?

A) The lymph node filters the lymph to remove bacteria.
B) There are more afferent vessels bringing lymph into the node than efferent vessels carrying lymph away from the node.
C) There are more efferent vessels carrying lymph away from the node than afferent vessels bringing lymph to the node.
D) Lymph passes through spaces called sinuses.

Question 22

Which of the following is not considered an antigen-presenting cell?

A) macrophages
B) plasma cells
C) dendritic cells
D) Neither B nor C is an antigen-presenting cell.

Question 23

HIV damages the immune system by invading _____ cells.

A) B
B) plasma
C) T
D) memory

Question 24

Lymph from the efferent lymph vessel is filtered in the lymph node,and damaged cells and bacteria are removed.

Question 25

In rare situations,a parasitic worm can cause lymphedema.

Question 26

Both lymph capillaries and blood capillaries are made up of loose-fitting endothelium cells to allow material to move in and out easily.

Question 27

Both the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct empty into arteries in the neck region.

Question 28

Lymphedema is an abnormal swelling of tissue due to an accumulation of lymph.

Question 29

Which of the following is not usually found in lymph?

A) excess fluid
B) protein molecules
C) platelets
D) All of the above are found in lymph.

Question 30

One of the main functions of the lymph node is to filter the blood and remove damaged cells and bacteria.

Question 31

The right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct each carry about 50% of the lymph back to the blood.

Question 32

The rejection of a transplanted organ is an example of a(n)_____ condition.

A) autoimmune
B) isoimmune
C) T cell-mediated
D) B cell-mediated

Question 33

The inflammation of a lymph vessel is called

A) lymphangitis
B) elephantiasis
C) lymphedema
D) cisterna chyli

Question 34

The lacteals are special lymph capillaries found in the liver.

Question 35

Interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic system is called lymph.

Question 36

The source of lymph is blood plasma.

Question 37

The cisterna chyli is a storage area for lymph moving through the thoracic duct.

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of antibodies?

A) They can neutralize toxins.
B) They must mature in the thymus gland.
C) They can stimulate the complement cascade.
D) They can agglutinate "enemy" cells.

Question 39

Both lymph capillaries and blood capillaries are made of endothelium.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a characteristic sign of inflammation?

A) heat
B) redness
C) swelling
D) All of the above are characteristic signs of inflammation.

Question 41

The spleen is the largest of the lymphatic organs.

Question 42

The structure of lymph veins is similar to that of veins carrying blood in that they both have valves that allow the fluid in the vein to move in only one direction.

Question 43

The thymus reaches its maximum size and function in later middle age.

Question 44

The thymus is located in the neck and is important in the development of B cells after birth.

Question 45

The spleen has a number of functions including being a reservoir for blood and salvaging iron from the hemoglobin or worn-out red blood cells.

Question 46

Inflammation,tenderness,and swelling of a lymph node is called a lymphoma.

Question 47

The thymus can also be considered an endocrine gland because it releases the hormone thyroxine.

Question 48

A serious infection such as scarlet fever can cause the spleen to shrink,making it difficult for the body to fight off the infection.

Question 49

The thymus is located in the chest and is important in the development of T cells after birth.

Question 50

Because of the extensive lymphatic system in the body,it can be the source of the spread of cancer from one area of the body to another.

Question 51

Lymph in the efferent vessels is "cleaner" than the lymph in the afferent vessels.

Question 52

Special clusters of lymph nodes in the intestine are called lacteals.

Question 53

Two types of malignant lymphoma are Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Question 54

One of the functions of the lymph node is to trap and destroy cancer cells.

Question 55

The thymus gland is the largest of the lymphatic organs.

Question 56

There are three sets of tonsils: the palatine on each side of the throat,the lingual at the base of the tongue,and the pharyngeal near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity.

Question 57

The palatine tonsils are also known as the adenoids.

Question 58

Lymphomas are tumors of the lymphatic system.Although they are fairly common,they are almost always benign.

Question 59

A person cannot get Dutch elm disease because of an inherited immunity.

Question 60

Tears and the mucous membrane of the respiratory system can function as part of the body's nonspecific immune system.

Question 61

An antibody cannot stimulate the complement cascade unless it is attached to an antigen.

Question 62

"Lifelong" immunity would most likely be natural or artificial active immunity.

Question 63

One of the ways an antibody helps destroy an antigen is by combining with a number of them and causing them to agglutinate in a process that is just like the formation of a blood clot.

Question 64

Being immune from mumps because you had them as a child is an example of artificial active immunity.

Question 65

Once a B cell is transformed into a plasma cell,it can release as many as 50,000 antibodies an hour.

Question 66

Antibodies fit a specific antigen because the shape of the antigen occupies a unique site on the antibody.

Question 67

The combining sites on an antibody are uniquely shaped convex regions.

Question 68

When a B cell comes into contact with an antigen,it develops into a plasma cell or a memory cell.

Question 69

A person with a severe immune system deficiency would not be able to develop natural or artificial active immunity.

Question 70

Macrophages and dendritic cells are considered antigen-presenting cells.

Question 71

Both natural and artificial active immunity require a functioning immune system.

Question 72

The main difference between active and passive immunity is the location in which the antibodies are formed.

Question 73

The primary function of macrophages and neutrophils is phagocytosis.

Question 74

Being protected from polio because of a polio vaccine is an example of artificial active immunity.

Question 75

A person who received an injection of antibodies made by another person would have artificial active immunity.

Question 76

A baby getting antibodies from mother's milk is an example of active artificial immunity.

Question 77

Antibodies and complement are both protein molecules that are important in the immune system.

Question 78

Complement destroys foreign cells by poking holes in them and causing them to "bleed" to death.

Question 79

B cells reach maturity in the thymus gland.

Question 80

Both natural and artificial passive immunity require a functioning immune system.