Deck 8: Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Question 1

Which of the following contributes the highest thermic effect of food?

A) fats
B) mixed diet with at least 50% carbohydrate
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When oxidized, which nutrient(s) provide(s) the lowest respiratory quotient?

A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) fat
D) mixed diet

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Waist circumferences of >40 inches in men and >35 inches in women may be used to identify increased _____.

A) risk for the development of obesity-associated conditions
B) subcutaneous fat
C) peripheral fat distribution
D) age

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the BMI of a man who weighs 220 lbs and is 6 feet tall?

A) 54.7
B) 36.7
C) 29.9
D) 24.9

Question 5

Which of the following represents a BMI range considered to be healthy for most adult men and women?

A) 10-14
B) 15-18
C) 19-24
D) 25-30

Question 6

Quantification of total body water or total body potassium by the use of _____ permits calculation of body composition.

A) neutron activation
B) infrared light
C) high-frequency ultrasonic energy
D) radioactive or stable isotopes

Question 7

290 17. Thermoregulation refers to _____.

A) alterations in metabolism to maintain body core temperature
B) alterations in food energy due to cooking
C) the increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's processing of food
D) the body's storage of food as fat for insulation

Question 8

Body mass index (BMI) is one way to estimate

A) appropriate weight for height.
B) actual body adiposity.
C) body fat distribution.
D) risk factors associated with obesity.

Question 9

Which body component comprises more diverse tissues?

A) lean body mass
B) fat mass

Question 10

In the reference man and woman, respectively, what percentage of body weight is fat?

A) 10, 20
B) 15, 27
C) 30, 40
D) 45, 55

Question 11

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?

A) MRI
B) DEXA
C) TOBEC
D) BIA

Question 12

Bioelectrical impedance analysis, a method used to determine body composition, is based on which principle?

A) Atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body.
B) Adipose tissue is denser than lean body tissue.
C) Electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue.
D) Fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium.

Question 13

Obesity has grown rapidly in the last 30 years and is associated with increased risk for which of the following disorders?

A) stunting, wasting
B) stroke, sleep apnea
C) osteoporosis, osteopenia
D) hepatitis, tuberculosis

Question 14

Basal metabolic rate represents _____.

A) the rate of energy expenditure that sustains basic life processes in all cells in the awake state
B) the rate of energy expenditure when the body is at rest and no food has been eaten in 4 hours
C) minimal energy expenditure over a period of 24 hours
D) all energy expenditure except that is attributable to physical activity

Question 15

Thermogenesis is the

A) generation of water.
B) burning of fat.
C) synthesis of fat.
D) generation of heat.

Question 16

Hydrostatic or underwater weighing, a method used to determine body composition, is based on which principle?

A) Lean body tissue is denser than adipose tissue.
B) Adipose tissue is denser than lean body tissue.
C) Adipose tissue is composed mostly of water.
D) Body fluids are not being weighed using this method.

Question 17

Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition is best for determining regional body composition?

A) hydrodensitometry
B) computerized (axial) tomography
C) total body water
D) bioelectrical impedance

Question 18

What is the RQ for an ordinary mixed diet of carbohydrate, protein, and fat?

A) 0.75
B) 0.80
C) 0.85
D) 0.15

Question 19

The thermic effect of food represents _____.

A) the BMR minus the energy used in physical activity
B) the decrease in food energy due to cooking
C) the increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's processing of food
D) the body's storage of food as fat for insulation

Question 20

In a clinical setting, which RQ suggests that the patient is synthesizing fat?

A) <0.70
B) <0.80
C) <0.90
D) 1.00

Question 21

What is the IBW of the woman in question #25, calculated using the modified Devine formula?

A) 127 lb
B) 130 lb
C) 137 lb
D) 140 lb

Question 22

Which of the following hormones or molecules increases the urge to eat?

A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) adiponectin
D) insulin

Question 23

The present diet of the student in question #25 provides 2500 kcal per day. This diet:

A) is meeting her kcal needs.
B) needs to be increased by 300 kcal.
C) would cause about 1 lb per week weight loss.
D) would cause weight gain of about 0.5 lb per week.

Question 24

The estimated energy requirements equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board were based on

A) data from indirect calorimetry.
B) body surface area.
C) data from total daily energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method.
D) body weight raised to the power of three-fourths.

Question 25

A 25-year-old female college student weighs 137 lb and is 5'6" tall and has a medium frame. She is consuming approximately 2500 kcal daily. What are her total energy needs? (RMR + diet-induced thermogenesis + physical activity = total energy expenditure.) The Harris-Benedict equation for women is 655.1 + (9.56 * W) + (1.85 * H) - (4.7 * A). Use 1.5 for the physical activity factor.

A) 1443
B) 1587
C) 2165
D) 2309

Question 26

Mr. Q., age 62, is 5'10" tall, weighs 150 pounds, and leads a sedentary life. The Harris-Benedict equation for men is 66.5 + (13.7* W) + (5.0 * H) - (6.8 * A). Using the Harris-Benedict equation, calculate Mr. Q's RMR.

A) RMR = 1468 kcal/day
B) RMR = 1614 kcal/day
C) RMR = 1790 kcal/day
D) RMR = 2311 kcal/day

Question 27

Which of the following methods of estimating energy expenditure does NOT require knowledge of the individual's age?

A) doubly labeled water method
B) Harris-Benedict prediction equation
C) Mifflin-St. Jeor equation
D) estimated energy requirement equation

Question 28

Which method of estimating energy expenditure requires the measurement of food intake?

A) doubly labeled water method
B) Harris-Benedict prediction equation
C) Mifflin-St. Jeor equation
D) estimated energy requirement equation

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a suggested reason for the effectiveness of a high-protein weight-loss diet?

A) Protein provides satiety over a longer period of time.
B) Thermogenesis from protein is greater.
C) Dyslipidemia is altered by high protein intake.
D) Fat-free mass is preserved and basal metabolism is maintained.