Deck 19: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Which hormone raises blood sugar levels?

A) glucagon
B) growth hormone
C) insulin
D) both A and B

Answer 1

both A and B

Question 2

Which of the following is not considered part of metabolism?

A) assimilation
B) catabolism
C) anabolism
D) All of the above are part of metabolism.

Answer 2

assimilation

Question 3

The condition that results from a diet that is sufficient in calories but deficient in protein is called

A) anorexia nervosa
B) marasmus
C) kwashiorkor
D) bulimia

Answer 3

kwashiorkor

Question 4

Which of the following is not true of vitamins?

A) They are inorganic molecules.
B) They attach to enzymes to help them function.
C) They can act as antioxidants.
D) Too little or too much of a vitamin can be harmful.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The BMR must be lower than the TMR.
B) The TMR must be lower than the BMR.
C) Consistent caloric intake above the BMR will cause a gain in weight.
D) Both A and C are true.

Question 6

Which is the only hormone that can reverse hyperglycemia?

A) glucagon
B) growth hormone
C) insulin
D) hydrocortisone

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

A) It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism.
B) It occurs in the mitochondria.
C) One of its end products is carbon dioxide.
D) It requires oxygen.

Question 8

The condition scurvy results from a lack of vitamin

A) A
B) E
C) C
D) K

Question 9

The body is unable to store which of the following vitamins?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of the process of glycolysis?

A) It is the first step in carbohydrate metabolism.
B) It occurs in the mitochondria.
C) Its end product is pyruvic acid.
D) It does not require oxygen.

Question 11

Which is not true of protein metabolism?

A) In a healthy person,protein anabolism occurs more often than protein catabolism.
B) In a healthy person,protein catabolism occurs more often than protein anabolism.
C) Nonessential amino acids are needed in the formation of proteins.
D) Amino acids can be built into complex proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of fat metabolism?

A) Fat metabolism is used as a source of energy.
B) It is catabolized by the process of glycolysis.
C) Anabolized fat is stored in adipose tissue.
D) All of the above are true of fat metabolism.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) producing plasma proteins
B) producing bile for the chemical digestion of fat
C) helping maintain the proper blood glucose level
D) All of the above are functions of the liver.

Question 14

Glycogenesis

A) is also called glucose anabolism
B) can occur in liver cells
C) can occur in muscle cells
D) All of the above are true of glycogenesis.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is not considered part of basal conditions?

A) not digesting a meal
B) being asleep
C) being in a comfortably warm room
D) All of the above are basal conditions.

Question 16

Which of the following proteins produced by the liver is not involved in blood clot formation?

A) fibrinogen
B) prothrombin
C) albumin
D) All of the above proteins are involved in blood clot formation.

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of the electron transport chain?

A) It occurs in the mitochondria.
B) It takes the high-energy electrons and converts them to energy in ADP.
C) It is the third step in carbohydrate metabolism.
D) All of the above are true of the electron transport chain.

Question 18

Which statement about minerals is untrue?

A) They are inorganic substances.
B) They are as important as vitamins.
C) They assist in the function of enzymes.
D) Unlike vitamins,large amounts of minerals are not harmful.

Question 19

Which type of heat loss is the flow of heat waves away from the body?

A) evaporation
B) radiation
C) convection
D) conduction

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) detoxifying bacterial toxins
B) detoxifying certain drugs
C) storing iron
D) All of the above are functions of the liver.

Question 21

Which type of heat loss occurs when liquid water turns to water vapor?

A) evaporation
B) radiation
C) convection
D) conduction

Question 22

The way the body uses food is one definition for metabolism.

Question 23

Glucose catabolism occurs in three reactions in this order: glycolysis,the citric acid cycle,and the electron transport system.

Question 24

Which of the following is not true of catabolism?

A) Catabolism releases energy.
B) It is part of metabolism.
C) It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules.
D) All of the above are true of catabolism.

Question 25

Which of the following is not true of ATP?

A) It contains an adenosine group.
B) It stores energy for the body.
C) It can be used by the cell directly for energy.
D) All of the above are true of ATP.

Question 26

The liver makes the plasma protein albumin,which helps maintain blood volume.

Question 27

Of the three chemical processes in glucose catabolism,only glycolysis does not occur in the mitochondria.

Question 28

Which is an inherited condition that causes a rise in body temperature in response to some types of anesthesia?

A) malignant hyperthermia
B) heat exhaustion
C) fever
D) hypothermia

Question 29

Which of the following is a rise in body temperature that is used to help the immune system fight a pathogen?

A) malignant hyperthermia
B) heat exhaustion
C) fever
D) hypothermia

Question 30

The end products of anabolism are simpler molecules than the starting substances.

Question 31

The end products of catabolism are simpler molecules than the starting substances.

Question 32

Which of the following is a method used by the body to conserve or generate heat?

A) reducing blood flow to the skin
B) shivering
C) increasing the level or metabolism-stimulating hormone
D) All of the above are methods to conserve heat.

Question 33

The end product of glycolysis is the starting substance of the citric acid cycle.

Question 34

The liver makes the plasma proteins albumin and fibrinogen,both of which are important in blood clot formation.

Question 35

The liver is able to store the fat-soluble vitamins A and
E.

Question 36

The starting substance for glycolysis is glucose; the end product is carbon dioxide.

Question 37

Which type of heat loss occurs when body heat is used to heat the air flowing away from the skin?

A) evaporation
B) radiation
C) convection
D) conduction

Question 38

Bile is made in the liver and breaks down fat to glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 39

Glucose is the cell's first choice of energy because it can be used directly by the cell.

Question 40

Which of the following is not true of anabolism?

A) Anabolism releases energy.
B) It is part of metabolism.
C) It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules.
D) All of the above are true of anabolism.

Question 41

Adipose tissue results from the anabolism of fat.

Question 42

The body can store the fat-soluble vitamins A,D,E,and K.

Question 43

Glycogenesis is an anabolic process for glucose.

Question 44

Scurvy results from a lack of vitamin K.

Question 45

Nonessential amino acids are not needed by the body because they are not used to build human proteins.

Question 46

In most people,glucose catabolism occurs more often than glucose anabolism.

Question 47

In most people,protein anabolism occurs at a greater rate than protein catabolism.

Question 48

The reason nonessential amino acids do not need to be in the diet is because other substances can be converted to the nonessential amino acids.

Question 49

Minerals are helpful in maintaining good health,but they are not as necessary as vitamins.

Question 50

One difference between vitamins and minerals is that vitamins attach to enzymes and minerals attach to cell membrane receptors.

Question 51

The main function of the electron transport chain is to supply energy for the reattachment of the third phosphate onto ADP.

Question 52

Insulin,a hormone made in the pancreas,is the only hormone that reduces the level of glucose in the blood.

Question 53

Glucagon,a hormone made in the pancreas,is the only hormone that increases the level of glucose in the blood.

Question 54

One of the end products of the electron transport system is ATP.

Question 55

One difference between vitamins and minerals is that vitamins are organic compounds and minerals are inorganic compounds.

Question 56

The ATP molecule is used by the direct source of energy.

Question 57

Nonessential amino acids are needed by the body as much as essential amino acids.

Question 58

ADP has fewer phosphates than ATP,but it contains more energy.

Question 59

Of the three chemical processes in glucose catabolism,only glycolysis requires oxygen.

Question 60

The primary function of fat in the body is to be catabolized for energy.

Question 61

A person who has never had surgery has a low risk of malignant hyperthermia.

Question 62

One end product of the anabolic process is energy.

Question 63

The basal metabolic rate (BMR)is always less than the total metabolic rate (TMR).

Question 64

Most of the energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.

Question 65

A person who consistently has a caloric intake greater than his or her BMR will gain weight.

Question 66

Even though they are not used for energy or structure,vitamins and minerals are required for proper nutrition.

Question 67

The function of bile is mechanical digestion rather than chemical digestion.

Question 68

A person can be eating a sufficient amount of food and still suffer from marasmus.

Question 69

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 70

Fever is always harmful to the body,and every effort should be made to reduce the fever to normal body temperature as soon as possible.

Question 71

An environment that has very high humidity would have the biggest effect on the body's use of evaporation to cool itself.

Question 72

The basal condition assumes that a person is awake,has not just eaten,and is in an environment with a comfortable temperature.

Question 73

Both marasmus and kwashiorkor result from an insufficient number of calories in the diet.

Question 74

Blood going to the liver has already been through one capillary bed.

Question 75

Both too little thyroid hormone and too much thyroid hormone have a profound impact on a person's BMR.

Question 76

A person can be eating a sufficient amount of food and still suffer from kwashiorkor.

Question 77

The transfer of heat energy to the air that is flowing away from the body defines convection.

Question 78

About 40% of the energy released from food is converted to heat.

Question 79

The flow of heat waves away from the body defines conduction.

Question 80

Assimilation occurs when food moves out of the digestive tract,usually the small intestine,and into the blood.