Deck 20: The Urinary System

Question 1

The papilla of the renal pyramids opens into which of the following structures?

A) renal pelvis
B) renal medulla
C) renal cortex
D) calyx

Answer 1

calyx

Question 2

Which of the following structures drains into the collecting duct?

A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) loop of Henle

Answer 2

distal convoluted tubule

Question 3

The inner portion of the kidney is called the

A) renal pelvis
B) renal medulla
C) renal cortex
D) calyx

Answer 3

renal medulla

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the structures in the renal corpuscle?

A) Bowman capsule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) loop of Henle

Question 5

Substances are added to the urine in the distal and collecting tubules through what process?

A) filtration
B) resorption
C) secretion
D) micturition

Question 6

The process by which most of the material in the nephron moves back into the blood is called

A) filtration
B) resorption
C) secretion
D) micturition

Question 7

Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic hormone
D) both A and B

Question 8

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A) removing waste products from the blood
B) maintaining the proper electrolyte balance in the blood
C) maintaining the proper pH level of the blood
D) All of the above are functions of the urinary system.

Question 9

Which of the following parts of the kidney is actually an expansion of the upper end of the ureter?

A) renal pelvis
B) renal medulla
C) renal cortex
D) calyx

Question 10

The tube that carries the urine out of the body is called the

A) urethra
B) collecting tube
C) trigone
D) ureter

Question 11

Which of the following is considered the first segment of the renal tubules?

A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) collecting duct

Question 12

The juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys release an enzyme

A) called antidiuretic hormone
B) that dilates blood vessels
C) that constricts blood vessels
D) that increases the absorption of sodium from the filtrate

Question 13

The tube that carries urine out of the kidney is called the

A) urethra
B) collecting tube
C) ureter
D) bladder

Question 14

The outermost layer of the kidney is called the

A) renal pelvis
B) renal medulla
C) renal cortex
D) calyx

Question 15

Which of the following statements is untrue of the kidneys?

A) The right kidney is slightly higher than the left kidney.
B) The kidneys are outside the peritoneal cavity.
C) The kidneys are surrounded by a layer of fat.
D) All of the above are true statements.

Question 16

Blood plasma moving from the glomerulus to the Bowman capsule is called

A) filtration
B) resorption
C) secretion
D) micturition

Question 17

Which structure is included in the discussion of the urinary system even though it is part of the circulatory system?

A) glomerulus
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) Bowman capsule
D) loop of Henle

Question 18

To properly clean the blood,the kidneys must receive how much of the blood pumped by the heart?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

Question 19

Glycosuria is a failure in

A) filtration
B) resorption
C) secretion
D) micturition

Question 20

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic hormone
D) both A and B

Question 21

The process by which urine is passed out of the body is called

A) urination
B) voiding
C) micturition
D) all of the above

Question 22

Which structure is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

A) Bowman capsule
B) loop of Henle
C) glomerulus
D) renal corpuscle

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of erythropoietin?

A) It is secreted by the kidneys.
B) It stimulates the formation of red blood cells.
C) It acts on the blood-forming tissue of the spleen.
D) All of the above are true of erythropoietin.

Question 24

Which of the following conditions can be treated by the insertion of a urinary catheter?

A) urinary retention
B) urinary suppression
C) incontinence
D) enuresis

Question 25

The regulation of blood pH is an important function of the urinary system.

Question 26

The hormone ADH is released from the

A) kidney
B) hypothalamus
C) adrenal cortex
D) pituitary gland

Question 27

Because of the location of the kidneys,there is less risk of peritonitis after surgery on the kidney than there is after surgery on the stomach.

Question 28

The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal medulla.

Question 29

Even though they are often considered to be part of the structure of the kidney,the renal pyramids are actually part of the ureters.

Question 30

Which of the following are extensions of the cortical tissue that dip down into the medulla between the renal pyramids?

A) renal columns
B) renal papillae
C) renal pelvis
D) calyces

Question 31

What condition occurs when the kidneys produce urine but the bladder cannot empty the urine?

A) urinary retention
B) urinary suppression
C) incontinence
D) enuresis

Question 32

Which condition refers to an inflammation of the bladder?

A) cystitis
B) pyelonephritis
C) urethritis
D) renal calculi

Question 33

Which of the following is considered an obstructive disorder of the urinary system?

A) cystitis
B) pyelonephritis
C) renal calculi
D) urethritis

Question 34

Which of the following is not true of RAAS?

A) It is initiated by the kidney.
B) It stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.
C) It causes constriction of blood vessels.
D) All of the above are true of RAAS.

Question 35

The kidneys are protected by the parietal peritoneum and a heavy layer of fat.

Question 36

The kidneys are protected by the lower part of the rib cage and the muscles of the back.

Question 37

The order in which filtrate flows through the nephron is the Bowman capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,and the collecting tubule.

Question 38

Filtration occurs in

A) the renal corpuscle
B) the loop of Henle
C) the collecting duct
D) all parts of the kidney

Question 39

The calyces drain urine from the renal pyramids into the pelvis of the kidney.

Question 40

Which condition occurs when the kidneys are no longer producing urine?

A) urinary retention
B) urinary suppression
C) incontinence
D) enuresis

Question 41

The amount of filtrate can never be more than the amount resorbed.

Question 42

The catabolism of carbohydrates can cause nitrogen wastes to accumulate in the blood.If the kidneys do not clear these wastes,they can quickly reach toxic levels.

Question 43

Filtration occurs only in the renal corpuscle.

Question 44

The loop of Henle separates the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

Question 45

The adrenal gland produces both ADH and aldosterone.

Question 46

A failure in resorption causes glycosuria.

Question 47

The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases a hormone that helps the body regulate the pH of the blood.

Question 48

Both active and passive mechanisms are used to move materials from the nephron back to the blood.

Question 49

ANH is a unique hormone because it is produced by the heart.

Question 50

The function of resorption is to move the filtrate back to the peritubular capillaries.

Question 51

Both the glomerulus and the loop of Henle make up the renal corpuscle.

Question 52

Even though it is included as part of the nephron,the glomerulus is actually part of the circulatory system.

Question 53

Both ADH and aldosterone tend to decrease the amount of material resorbed back into the blood.

Question 54

The collecting tubules of most nephrons stay in the cortex of the kidney,but the collecting tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons go deep into the medulla of the kidney.

Question 55

ADH and ANH have opposite effects on the amount of urine produced.

Question 56

Resorption and secretion occur only in the tubules of the nephron.

Question 57

The processes of filtration and secretion both move material into the nephron.

Question 58

The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict and blood pressure to rise.

Question 59

The amount of fluid resorbed is only slightly less than the amount of fluid filtered.

Question 60

Both ADH and aldosterone tend to reduce the amount of urine produced.

Question 61

The urethra is the last part of the urinary system.

Question 62

Urinalysis is the physical,chemical,and microscopic examination of urine.

Question 63

Gravity moves urine through the ureters.

Question 64

The bladder emptying reflex causes contraction of the muscle of the bladder and relaxation of the two sphincter muscles.

Question 65

Chemical analysis is used to determine whether there are casts in the urine.

Question 66

Renal colic results from a streptococcal infection of the urinary tract.

Question 67

Renal calculi are considered an obstructive disorder.

Question 68

Someone with anuria produces more urine than someone with oliguria.

Question 69

Micturition and voiding mean the same thing.

Question 70

A full bladder contains folds in its wall called rugae.

Question 71

Ureters are tubes connecting the kidney and the urinary bladder.

Question 72

The urethra in the female is about half as long as the urethra in the male.

Question 73

Urinary suppression is a kidney problem,whereas urinary retention is more of a bladder problem.

Question 74

In the male,the urethra is part of two systems: the urinary system and the reproductive system.

Question 75

Urinalysis can sometimes be used to detect inborn errors of metabolism.

Question 76

The adult bladder can hold more than 300 ml of urine.

Question 77

The trigone consists of three openings: two leaving the bladder and one entering the bladder.

Question 78

Two sphincter muscles regulate urination: the internal urethral sphincter,which is voluntary,and the external urethral sphincter,which is involuntary.

Question 79

Urinalysis can be used to help diagnose diabetes mellitus.

Question 80

Someone with polyuria produces more urine than someone with oliguria.