Deck 5: Racialized Inequality

Question 1

In 1965, John Porter published The Vertical Mosaic in which he argued that was a key variable in explaining immigrant success or failure.

A) Income
B) Race
C) Ethnicity
D) Multiculturalism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to the table that looks at earnings by racialization, gender, and place of birth, which of the following group in Canada had the lowest earnings?

A) Foreign born visible minorities
B) Foreign born whites
C) Canadian born visible minorities
D) Aboriginal Peoples

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In explaining racialized inequality, which sociological perspective argues that inequality is inevitable, but only in systems that are organized around profit, class, and private property?

A) Conflict
B) Collective Definition
C) Functionalism
D) Interactionism

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What is the focus of employment equity as a concept or philosophy?

A) Quotas and deadlines
B) Institutional inclusion
C) Cultural diversity
D) Goals and timetables

Question 5

What term describes the unequal distribution of scarce and valued resources in society?

A) Stratification
B) Reversing discrimination
C) Inequality
D) Employment equity

Question 6

Affirmative action programs in the USA often entail quotas and deadlines. What is the focus of employment equity programs in Canada?

A) Goals and timetables
B) Quotas and goals
C) Quotas and timetables
D) Goals and deadlines

Question 7

In 2002, the federal government introduced its "Embracing Change" policy which stipulated a per cent target in the hiring, training, and promotion of racialized minorities?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 8

What approach toward equality is known to take differences into account as a basis for overcoming disadvantage?

A) Equity based equivalence
B) Equivalence based equity
C) Equal opportunity
D) Equity-based equality

Question 9

Over time, according to 2006 data, the unemployment rate for immigrants aged 25 to 54 regardless of origins

A) Increased
B) Declined
C) Remained the same
D) Increased for women, declined for me

Question 10

In explaining racialized inequality, what sociological model of society endorses inequality as necessary and desirable in a complex society?

A) Conflict
B) Collective Definition
C) Functionalism
D) Symbolic Interactionism

Question 11

Functionalists tend to blame ethnicity for the problem of racialized inequality in society. According to conflict theorists, what is the central dynamics that accounts for racialized inequality?

A) Ethnic relations
B) Class relations
C) Cultural differences
D) Personality disorders

Question 12

In 1980, immigrants who had lived in Canada for ten years earned in relationship to Canadian born workers, while in the year 2000, immigrants who had lived in Canada for 10 years earned in relationship to Canadian born workers

A) About the same as; less than
B) Less than' more than
C) More than; about the same as
D) More than, less than

Question 13

According to an equity paradigm, the problem of racialized inequality can be traced to .

A) individual attitudes
B) personality disorders
C) culture clash
D) institutional structures

Question 14

According to the case study on employment equity, critics on the left attack employment equity because .

A) it violates the merit principles
B) of the principles of liberal universalism
C) Of the right of corporations to conduct business as they see fit.
D) It fails to address the root cause of unequal distribution

Question 15

According to the table that looks at earnings by racialization, gender, and place of birth, which of the following group in Canada had the highest earnings?

A) Canadian born visible minority males
B) Foreign born visible minority males
C) Canadian born white males
D) Foreign born white males

Question 16

In the 1980s, the concept of inequality underwent a shift in thinking. As a result of this conceptual shift, what was perceived as the primary cause of racialized inequality?

A) Ethnicity
B) Discriminatory barriers
C) Cross culture relations
D) Prejudice

Question 17

In explaining racialized inequality, an ethnicity paradigm is likely to .

A) Blame the system
B) Blame the victim
C) Blame society
D) Blame the ruling class

Question 18

Data from 2006 indicate that immigrants from Europe and the Unites States are to be employed than immigrants from other parts of the world?

A) Less likely
B) Just as likely
C) More likely
D) Males are more likely, females are less likely

Question 19

What term that describes a hierarchical system in which minority groups occupy specialized occupational statuses along a cultural division of labour?

A) Affirmative Action
B) Racial(ized) stratification
C) Formal inequality
D) Employment Inequity

Question 20

Certain institutions are obligated to comply with provisions of Canada's Employment Equity Act. Which of the following is NOT obligated to comply with the Act"?

A) Federal contractors with less than 100 employees
B) Crown Corporations
C) Federal public service
D) Public sector companies with more than 100 employees

Question 21

Affirmative action programs in the United States tend to focus on quotas and deadlines. By contrast, employment equity initiatives in Canada tend to focus on goals and .

Question 22

What paradigm of inequality relies on the concept of human capital to account for racialized inequality in Canada?

Question 23

In 1965, John Porter published The Vertical Mosaic in which he argued that was a key variable in explaining immigrant success or failure.

Question 24

The of poverty acknowledges that recent immigrants to Canada - especially from Africa and Latin America - tend to be poorer because many fall below the low income cut off line.

Question 25

Which major group in Canada has the lowest earnings in relationship to both Canadian born and foreign born whites and racialized minorities ?

Question 26

For functionalists, the social system is fundamentally sound; therefore, it is who must change.

Question 27

The concept of formal equality argues that it is necessary to take context into account when analyzing inequality. True or False

Question 28

Employment equity as a philosophy is organized around the principle of (two words).

Question 29

Equal opportunity is to equivalence based equality as is to equity based equality.

A) Equitable outcomes
B) Pretend pluralism
C) Mathematical equity
D) Discipline of the market

Question 30

A perspective of society endorses racialized inequality as an unfortunate but necessary and desirable feature of a complex society.

Question 31

According to the text, the concept of employment equity can be approached in two ways. One approach sees employment equity as a philosophy; the other sees it as a .

A) process
B) political correctness
C) policy
D) principle

Question 32

What position argues that true equality arises when individuals are free of discriminatory barriers when competing for the good things in life?

A) equal opportunity
B) equitable outcomes
C) substantive equity
D) equality of conditions

Question 33

Functionalists distinguish between good inequality and bad inequality. For functionalists, inequality is when it is achieved by excluding others for reasons beyond their control.

Question 34

According to the Annual Report on Employment Equity 2007, Canada's Employment Equity initiatives have resulted in an increased number of recent hires of Aboriginal peoples and racialized minorities? True or False .

Question 35

What term describes the fact that racialized and new Canadians tend to be much poorer than other Canadians.

A) The politics of poverty
B) The racialization of poverty
C) Newcomer poverty
D) A racial poverty line

Question 36

According to the text, employment equity should not be seen as reverse discrimination, but may be regarded as discrimination.

A) Equity
B) Substantive
C) Reversing
D) Systemic

Question 37

According to the text, employment equity can be approached as a policy as well as a.

Question 38

According to Marxist conflict theorists, what relationship precedes race as a source of inequality.

Question 39

Under equality, differences must be taken into account as a basis for overcoming disadvantage.

Question 40

The expression the of poverty describes how patterns of poverty are not randomly distributed across Canada, but tend to cluster around certain historically disadvantaged racialized minorities.

Question 41

For some, employment equity is thought to be reverse discrimination; for others, employment equity is seen as discrimination.