Deck 17: Methods Opersuasion  

Question 1

Education and status are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Terminal credibility is the credibility othe speaker at the end othe speech.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The more favorably listeners view a speaker's competence and character, the more likely they are to accept what the speaker says.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A speaker's credibility is affected by everything she or he says and does during the speech.

Question 5

Credibility is the audience's perception owhether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.

Question 6

Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the conclusion oa persuasive speech.

Question 7

Competence and character are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

Question 8

A speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience.

Question 9

The credibility oa speaker before she or he starts to speak is called initial credibility.

Question 10

The credibility oa speaker before she or he starts to speak is called derived credibility.

Question 11

Speakers who explain their expertise on the speech topic are likely to reduce their credibility with the audience.

Question 12

According to your textbook, derived credibility refers to the credibility that comes from everything a speaker has accomplished during her or his lifetime.

Question 13

Terminal credibility is the credibility othe speaker at the start othe speech.

Question 14

Physical attractiveness and charisma are the most important factors affecting a speaker's credibility.

Question 15

A speaker can begin a speech with high credibility but end the speech with low credibility.

Question 16

A speaker's credibility can change during the course oher or his speech.

Question 17

A speaker can have high credibility on one topic and low credibility on another topic.

Question 18

Derived credibility refers to the credibility othe speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech itself.

Question 19

What many teachers refer to as source credibility was called ethos by Aristotle.

Question 20

As explained in your textbook, establishing common ground with your audience is an excellent way to boost your credibility.

Question 21

Research shows that skeptical listeners are more likely to be persuaded by evidence they are already familiar with than by evidence that is new to them.

Question 22

According to your textbook, it is redundant for persuasive speakers to give their evidence and then to state the point the evidence is meant to prove.

Question 23

One othe reasons to use evidence when speaking to persuade is that it can enhance your credibility.

Question 24

Evidence from biased or self-interested sources is more persuasive than evidence from impartial sources.

Question 25

Research indicates that listeners are more likely to be persuaded by evidence that is new to them than by facts and figures they already know.

Question 26

When you use evidence in a persuasive speech, you can count on listeners to figure out for themselves what you want the evidence to prove.

Question 27

Studies have shown that speakers with low initial credibility need to use more evidence than speakers with high initial credibility.

Question 28

Evidence from competent, credible sources is more persuasive than evidence from biased or self-interested sources.

Question 29

Research indicates that evidence is usually more persuasive when it is stated in specific rather than general terms.

Question 30

The two major elements ologos are evidence and emotional appeal.

Question 31

Evidence is especially crucial when your target audience opposes your point oview.

Question 32

Research has shown that speakers with high initial credibility need to use more evidence than speakers with low initial credibility.

Question 33

Research shows that a speaker's credibility is strongly affected by his or her delivery.

Question 34

One othe reasons to use evidence when speaking to persuade is that it can make your listeners more resistant to counterpersuasion.

Question 35

The two major elements ologos are evidence and reasoning.

Question 36

Persuasive speakers should imagine how their listeners might object to what they say and refute those objections with evidence.

Question 37

Supporting materials that are used to prove or disprove something are called evidence.

Question 38

According to your textbook, the aspect oa speaker's delivery that is most likely to boost his or her credibility with an audience is to deliver the speech with genuine conviction.

Question 39

Establishing common ground with an audience is especially important in the introduction oa persuasive speech.

Question 40

Research indicates that evidence is usually more persuasive when it is stated in general rather than specific terms.

Question 41

An advantage ousing causal reasoning in a persuasive speech is that events usually have only one cause.

Question 42

Reasoning from specific instances involves progressing from a number oparticular facts to a general conclusion.

Question 43

The following is an example oreasoning from principle: "All infringements on the right ofree expression are unconstitutional. Limitations on the lyrics opopular songs are infringements on the right ofree expression. Therefore, all limitations on the lyrics opopular songs are unconstitutional."

Question 44

When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, it is usually a good idea for a speaker to supplement the specific instances with testimony or statistics showing that the instances are typical.

Question 45

The following is an example oreasoning from principle: "Any action that endangers the safety and security othe United States is an act otreason. Edward Snowden's leaks oNSA activities endangered the safety and security othe United States. Therefore, Edward Snowden's leaks were an act otreason."

Question 46

Because it moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion, reasoning from principle is the opposite oreasoning from specific instances.

Question 47

When you reason from principle in a speech, you move from a specific principle to a general conclusion.

Question 48

A persuasive speaker who contends that America's older bridges are becoming unsafe because several bridges have collapsed in recent years is reasoning from specific instances.

Question 49

When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you need to make sure your sample ospecific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.

Question 50

When you use causal reasoning, you should avoid attributing complex events to a single causes.

Question 51

Reasoning from principle moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.

Question 52

The following is an example oreasoning from principle: "Places such as Singapore that allow caning and other forms ocorporal punishment have exceedingly low crime rates. Icaning were used in the United States, the U.S. would have lower crime rates as well."

Question 53

A persuasive speaker who argues that capital punishment should be outlawed because it violates the constitutional principle banning cruel and unusual punishment is reasoning from specific instances.

Question 54

Although causal reasoning is used a great deal in public speeches, it is seldom used in other situations.

Question 55

One othe advantages ousing causal reasoning in a persuasive speech is that the relationship between causes and effects is usually fairly obvious.

Question 56

When you reason from specific instances in a speech, you move from a general example to a specific conclusion.

Question 57

When you use causal reasoning in a persuasive speech, you seek to establish the relationship between a general principle and a specific conclusion.

Question 58

Reasoning is the process odrawing a conclusion based on evidence.

Question 59

When reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech, you need to make sure that your sample ospecific instances is representative oother instances othat type.

Question 60

A speaker who argues that the world's monarch butterfly population is in danger because their numbers have decreased in several locations is reasoning from specific instances.

Question 61

Analogical reasoning applies a general principle to a specific instance.

Question 62

The red herring fallacy is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc.

Question 63

The most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether the two cases being compared are essentially alike.

Question 64

An error in reasoning is called a syllogism.

Question 65

The red herring fallacy refers to statements that introduce an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

Question 66

Analogical reasoning compares two similar cases and assumes that what is true oone case is also true othe other case.

Question 67

False cause, or post hoc ergo propter hoc, is an error in reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause othe second.

Question 68

Arguments guilty othe ad hominem fallacy attack the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Question 69

The following is an example ocausal reasoning: "Since farmers have started transporting honeybees to pollinate one crop at a time, the honeybee population in the United States has declined significantly. Therefore, single-crop pollination must be a reason for the decreasing number obees."

Question 70

To say that analogical cases must be essentially alike means that they must be similar enough that what is true oone is also true othe other.

Question 71

The following is an example oreasoning from analogy: "The United Nations charter establishes the right oall people to live free opolitical oppression. The government oNorth Korea subjects its people to political oppression. Therefore, the government oNorth Korea is violating the U.N. charter."

Question 72

Analogical reasoning is frequently used for the practicality issue in persuasive speeches on a question opolicy.

Question 73

The bandwagon fallacy assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.

Question 74

Hasty generalization occurs when a speaker draws a general conclusion on the basis otoo few specific instances or instances that are atypical.

Question 75

The following statement is an example oreasoning from analogy: "Asking the administration to police itselwould be like putting a fox in charge othe chicken coop. They could do anything they wanted, and no one would have the power to stop them."

Question 76

False cause, or post hoc ergo propter hoc, is an error in reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because two things are similar in one respect, they are similar in all respects.

Question 77

The red herring fallacy is often referred to as a false dilemma.

Question 78

Hasty generalization is a fallacy in reasoning from principle.

Question 79

The following is an example ocausal reasoning: "Taking a human life is morally wrong. Assisted suicide is the taking oa human life. Therefore, assisted suicide is morally wrong."

Question 80

The following statement is an example oreasoning from analogy: "Iyou can make great tacos, you can make great enchiladas."