Deck 23: Cells and Tissues of the Plant Body

Question 1

______ is a simple tissue, and ______ is a complex tissue.

A) Xylem; phloem
B) Phloem; xylem
C) Parenchyma; collenchyma
D) Collenchyma; xylem
E) Xylem; sclerenchyma

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following statements about sclerenchyma cells is FALSE?

A) They are ground-tissue cells.
B) They often lack protoplasts at maturity.
C) They strengthen plant parts that are still elongating.
D) They have thick, lignified, secondary walls.
E) They may develop in any part of the primary and secondary plant bodies.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of:

A) morphogenesis.
B) embryogenesis.
C) differentiation.
D) cell division.
E) cell enlargement.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following statements about primary growth is FALSE?

A) It results in extension of the plant body.
B) It involves the formation of primary tissues.
C) It results in the thickening of the stem and root.
D) It gives rise to the primary plant body. e It results from activity of the root and shoot apical meristems.

Question 5

Morphogenesis refers to:

A) an irreversible increase in size.
B) the acquisition of a particular shape.
C) the sum of all the events that lead to formation of an organism's body.
D) the process by which cells become different from one another.
E) the fate of a plant cell.

Question 6

____________ refers to the phenomenon whereby a cell becomes increasingly committed to a course of development that weakens its ability to resume growth.

A) Positional information
B) Competency
C) Indeterminate growth
D) Determination
E) Differentiation

Question 7

______ tissue is composed of cells having unevenly thickened primary walls.

A) Collenchyma
B) Xylem
C) Parenchyma
D) Phloem
E) Sclerenchyma

Question 8

Which of the following statements about parenchyma cells is FALSE?

A) They can photosynthesize.
B) They can initiate adventitious roots.
C) They are involved in secretion.
D) They are capable of cell division.
E) They lack secondary walls.

Question 9

______ is the typical supporting tissue of growing stems, leaves, and floral parts.

A) Sclerenchyma
B) Parenchyma
C) Xylem
D) Phloem
E) Collenchyma

Question 10

The two types of ______ cells are fibers and sclereids.

A) sclerenchyma
B) parenchyma
C) xylem
D) phloem
E) collenchyma

Question 11

The role of transfer cells is to:

A) transport water and minerals throughout the plant.
B) facilitate the movement of solutes over short distances.
C) move sugars through the phloem.
D) transfer solutes from the cortex to the pith via rays.
E) increase the rate of water movement through stomata.

Question 12

The developmental fate of a plant cell is determined mostly by:

A) its growth rate.
B) its developmental plasticity.
C) its final position.
D) whether it is an initial or a derivative.
E) whether it is determinate or indeterminate.

Question 13

In contrast to derivatives, initials:

A) differentiate more quickly.
B) are located in the shoot apical meristem.
C) are located in the root apical meristem.
D) undergo cell division.
E) give rise to more initials and derivatives.

Question 14

In a eudicot stem, ______ is the ground tissue external to the system of vascular strands and ______ is the ground tissue internal to these strands.

A) pith; cortex
B) cortex; pith
C) xylem; phloem
D) xylem; cortex
E) pith; phloem

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE?

A) They are perpetually young tissues or cells.
B) They are established during embryogenesis.
C) It is through their activity that most plant development occurs.
D) They lose the potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete.
E) They generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

Question 16

When a botanist uses the word "indeterminate," she is referring to the:

A) ability of seeds to germinate under any conditions.
B) secondary growth of the plant body.
C) unlimited growth of the apical meristems.
D) developmental plasticity of the plant. e ability of plants to modify their relationships with the environment.

Question 17

Cells that are totipotent, play an important role in wound healing, and initiate adventitious structures are:

A) sclerenchyma cells.
B) vessel elements.
C) sieve-tube elements.
D) parenchyma cells.
E) collenchyma cells.

Question 18

From which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop?

A) parenchyma
B) collenchyma
C) procambium
D) ground meristem
E) protoderm

Question 19

The rays found in secondary vascular tissue consist of:

A) collenchyma cells.
B) vessel elements.
C) parenchyma cells.
D) sieve-tube elements.
E) sclerenchyma cells.

Question 20

The three tissue systems of vascular plants are:

A) the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.
B) protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem.
C) parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
D) epidermis, periderm, and protoderm.
E) xylem, phloem, and epidermis.

Question 21

The _____ is thought to supply the sieve-tube element with essential molecules.

A) forisome
B) companion cell
C) P-protein body
D) sclereid
E) callose

Question 22

An example of programmed cell death is the differentiation of:

A) parenchyma cells.
B) collenchyma cells.
C) cells of the cortex.
D) the secondary cell wall.
E) tracheary elements.

Question 23

Callose is a ______ deposited in the ______ of sieve elements.

A) protein; pits
B) protein; pores
C) carbohydrate; pits
D) carbohydrate; pores
E) fat; perforation plates

Question 24

Albuminous cells are thought to have the same function as:

A) vessel elements.
B) tracheids.
C) sieve cells.
D) sieve-tube elements.
E) companion cells.

Question 25

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is FALSE?

A) Stomata are epidermal cells.
B) The epidermis constitutes the dermal system of leaves.
C) Guard cells are epidermal cells.
D) Trichomes are appendages of epidermal cells.
E) In the aerial parts of the plant, the epidermis is covered with a cuticle.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT part of the periderm?

A) phellem
B) phellogen
C) phelloderm
D) epidermis
E) cork cambium

Question 27

By definition, metaxylem is ______ protoxylem.

A) formed before
B) formed after
C) formed at the same time as
D) larger than
E) smaller than

Question 28

A subsidiary cell is most closely associated with which of the following?

A) tracheids
B) companion cells
C) sieve-tube elements
D) guard cells
E) albuminous cells

Question 29

Perforation plates are characteristic of the ______ of ______.

A) tracheids; angiosperms
B) vessel elements; angiosperms
C) tracheids; gymnosperms
D) vessel elements; gymnosperms
E) tracheids; seedless vascular plants

Question 30

During the differentiation of sieve-tube elements, which of the following does not disintegrate?

A) cytoskeleon
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi apparatus
D) tonoplast
E) nucleus

Question 31

Which of the following statements about P-protein is FALSE?

A) It is found in the protoplasts of sieve-tube elements of eudicots and some monocots.
B) In undisturbed cells, it plugs the sieve-plate pores.
C) It may serve to seal the sieve-plate pores when the cell is wounded.
D) It originates in P-protein bodies.
E) The "P" stands for phloem.

Question 32

In vascular plants, food is conducted through:

A) companion cells only.
B) sieve cells only.
C) sieve-tube elements only.
D) sieve cells and sieve-tube elements only.
E) companion cells, sieve cells, and sieve-tube elements.

Question 33

Which of the following statements about forisomes is FALSE?

A) They seal the sieve-plate pores in undisturbed sieve tubes.
B) Their activity is controlled by calcium.
C) They are found in certain legumes.
D) They are a type of P-protein body.
E) They can switch back and forth from a resting stage to a dispersed stage.

Question 34

A cell that is alive at maturity but lacks a nucleus and certain organelles is the:

A) companion cell.
B) forisome.
C) albuminous cell.
D) Strasburger cell.
E) sieve element.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a function of trichomes?

A) providing structural support
B) defending against insects
C) secreting salts
D) absorbing water and minerals from the soil
E) reflecting solar radiation

Question 36

Which of the following statements about sieve cells is FALSE?

A) They transport food.
B) They are interconnected to form sieve tubes.
C) They are found in gymnosperms but not angiosperms.
D) They are living cells at maturity.
E) They have sieve areas.

Question 37

______ are types of tracheary elements.

A) Vessel elements and tracheids
B) Tracheids and xylem parenchyma
C) Vessel elements and xylem parenchyma
D) Xylem fibers and tracheids
E) Xylem fibers and xylem parenchyma

Question 38

Stomata are the ______ between ______.

A) cells; subsidiary cells
B) cells; guard cells
C) pores; guard cells
D) pores; subsidiary cells
E) pores; trichomes

Question 39

The parenchyma cells that are developmentally related to the ______ of angiosperms are called ______.

A) sieve cells; companion cells
B) sieve cells; albuminous cells
C) sieve-tube elements; companion cells
D) sieve-tube elements; albuminous cells
E) sieve tubes; P-protein bodies

Question 40

One role of pit membranes in tracheids is to:

A) facilitate movement of air bubbles.
B) facilitate water movement.
C) facilitate solute transport.
D) provide support.
E) trap air bubbles.

Question 41

The fate of a plant cell is determined solely by the genes in its chromosomes.

Question 42

Sclereids are sclerenchyma cells that are generally long and slender.

Question 43

In the stem of a eudicot, cortex is the tissue internal to the vascular strands.

Question 44

In general, vascular tissues are embedded within ground tissue, and the dermal tissue forms a surrounding layer.

Question 45

Vessel elements have perforation plates, but tracheids do not.

Question 46

Tracheids are tracheary elements found in angiosperms but not gymnosperms.

Question 47

Unlike wound callose, definitive callose is deposited at the sieve areas and sieve plates of senescing sieve elements.

Question 48

Parenchyma cells are totipotent.

Question 49

Parenchyma can store water.

Question 50

Obstruction of water flow by air bubbles is more likely to occur in vessel elements than in tracheids.

Question 51

Collenchyma is composed of elongated cells that have unevenly thickened primary walls.

Question 52

The cork cambium produces ______ on its outer surface and ______ on its inner surface.

A) phelloderm; phellogen
B) phellogen; phelloderm
C) phellogen; phellem
D) phelloderm; cork
E) cork; phelloderm

Question 53

An example of a simple tissue is xylem.

Question 54

Sieve-tube elements lack sieve plates.

Question 55

The ability of a leaf cell to develop in response to light is an example of competency.

Question 56

Developmental plasticity refers to the sum total of events that progressively form a plant's body.

Question 57

Primary growth refers to growth of the embryo; secondary growth refers to growth of the seedling.

Question 58

Hemp, jute, and flax are composed of sclerenchyma cells.

Question 59

The increase in the size of most plants results more from cell division than from cell enlargement.

Question 60

Parenchyma cells are usually dead at maturity.

Question 61

Forisomes can change from a resting stage to a dispersed stage.

Question 62

A companion cell and its associated sieve-tube element are derived from the same mother cell.

Question 63

By regulating stomata, guard cells control the movement of gases into and out of the plant.

Question 64

The epidermis replaces the periderm in stems and roots undergoing secondary growth.

Question 65

The walls of epidermal cells on the aerial parts of the plant are covered with a waxy cuticle.

Question 66

An example of a trichome is a root hair.

Question 67

Sieve elements must be living in order to transport food.