Deck 2: The Molecular Composition of Plant Cells

Question 1

________ is composed of two sugar subunits linked covalently.

A) Cellulose
B) Fructose
C) Ribose
D) Glucose
E) Sucrose

Answer 1

E

Question 2

When an oil undergoes hydrolysis, the products are:

A) 1 amino acid and 3 glycerols
B) many glucose monomers
C) 1 fatty acid and 3 glycerols
D) 1 sucrose and 3 fatty acids
E) 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Answer 2

E

Question 3

_________ is a monosaccharide, and ______________ is a disaccharide.

A) Fructose; lactose
B) Maltose; ribose
C) Cellulose; sucrose
D) Sucrose; glucose
E) Maltose; lactose

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The formation of ______ from ______ occurs by dehydration synthesis.

A) glucose and fructose; sucrose
B) glucose; starch
C) monomers; polymers
D) glucose; cellulose
E) sucrose; glucose and fructose

Question 5

The principal component of the cell walls of fungi is:

A) cellulose.
B) chitin.
C) starch.
D) protein.
E) phospholipid.

Question 6

What is the most abundant organic compound known?

A) cellulose
B) sucrose
C) DNA
D) phospholipid
E) starch

Question 7

The monomer of ___________ is N-acetylglucoseamine.

A) microfibrils
B) enzymes
C) storage polysaccharides
D) chitin
E) fats

Question 8

Which are examples of triglycerides?

A) oils and fats
B) fats and steroids
C) oils and starches
D) starches and proteins
E) proteins and fats

Question 9

Which lipid is a major component of cork cell walls?

A) phospholipid
B) cutin
C) suberin
D) steroid
E) lignin

Question 10

Which of the following consists of beta-glucose subunits?

A) amylose
B) amylopectin
C) chitin
D) cellulose
E) glycogen

Question 11

The common transport form of sugar in plants is ______ and in animals is ______.

A) sucrose; glucose
B) glucose; sucrose
C) starch; sucrose
D) maltose; lactose
E) fructose; maltose

Question 12

Which substance makes up more than half of all living matter and more than 90 percent of the weight of most plant tissues?

A) Protein
B) Cellulose
C) Starch
D) Triglyceride
E) Water

Question 13

The principal polysaccharide in the plant cell wall is:

A) starch.
B) fructan.
C) cellulose.
D) glycogen.
E) sucrose.

Question 14

Which stabilize the cell wall by forming hydrogen bonds with it?

A) pectins
B) starches
C) chitins
D) lipids
E) hemicelluloses

Question 15

The most abundant organic molecules in nature are:

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) lipids.
D) nucleic acids.
E) water molecules.

Question 16

The main function of cutin and suberin is to:

A) serve as structural components of cellular membranes.
B) prevent water loss.
C) catalyze chemical reactions.
D) provide strength to the cell wall.
E) serve as hormones.

Question 17

The matrix of the plant cell wall contains:

A) microfibrils and pectins.
B) pectins and hemicelluloses.
C) hemicelluloses and oligosaccharins.
D) cellulose and chitin.
E) chitin and glycogen.

Question 18

Which comprise most of the middle lamella?

A) hemicelluloses
B) pectins
C) lipids
D) chitins
E) starches

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis reactions is FALSE?

A) They are energy-yielding reactions.
B) They are a type of condensation reaction.
C) They involve the addition of a molecule of water.
D) An example is the conversion of a polymer to its monomers.
E) An example is the conversion of disaccharides to monosaccharides.

Question 20

A fat differs from a phospholipid in that a fat contains:

A) a phosphate group
B) 1 glycerol
C) 3 fatty acids
D) a steroid
E) a wax

Question 21

The linear sequence of amino acids is called the ______ structure of a protein.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) helix

Question 22

The principal role of ATP in the cell is:

A) catalyzing chemical reactions.
B) providing energy.
C) serving as structural support.
D) functioning as a hormone.
E) keeping the phospholipid tails of membranes aligned

Question 23

When a polypeptide undergoes hydrolysis, the products are:

A) glycerols and fatty acids
B) amino acids
C) monosaccharides
D) nucleotides
E) polysaccharides

Question 24

Nucleic acids are different from proteins in that nucleic acids contain:

A) carbon.
B) hydrogen.
C) nitrogen.
D) phosphorus.
E) sulfur

Question 25

The monomers of nucleic acids are:

A) DNA and RNA.
B) nucleotides.
C) ribose and deoxyribose.
D) ATP and ADP.
E) genes.

Question 26

A common ______ structure of proteins involves a hydrogen bond between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of an amino acid farther along the peptide chain.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentenary

Question 27

A peptide bond occurs between the ______ groups of adjacent amino acids in polypeptides.

A) amino and carboxyl
B) sulfhydryl
C) amino and phosphate
D) carboxyl and hydroxyl
E) amino

Question 28

Adenosine triphosphate is a type of:

A) fatty acid.
B) amino acid.
C) enzyme.
D) steroid.
E) nucleotide.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?

A) They are globular proteins.
B) They enable cells to carry out chemical reactions at room temperature.
C) They lower the energy of activation.
D) They can be used over and over again.
E) They are typically effective only at high concentrations.

Question 30

Who am I? I give cell walls a lamellar appearance?

A) phospholipid
B) cutin
C) suberin
D) wax
E) lignin

Question 31

The tertiary structure of a protein is a result of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) the folding of the secondary structure.
B) the linear sequence of amino acids.
C) the formation of disulfide bridges.
D) interactions among the R groups of a single polypeptide.
E) interactions between two or more polypeptide chains.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about secondary metabolites is FALSE?

A) They are found in all cells of a plant.
B) Some function as chemical signals or in the defense of the plant against herbivores.
C) They frequently are synthesized in one part of the plant and stored in another.
D) Some are produced only after the plant has been damaged.
E) Their concentration in a plant can vary greatly over a 24-hour period.

Question 33

Which of the following is characterized by the presence of four interconnected hydrocarbon rings?

A) steroids
B) lignin
C) epicuticular wax
D) phospholipids
E) triglycerides

Question 34

The subunits of a nucleotide are a(n):

A) five-carbon sugar and an amino acid.
B) amino acid, glycerol, and a fatty acid.
C) five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
D) nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a monosaccharide.
E) phosphate group, a disaccharide, and a fatty acid.

Question 35

In all organisms except prokaryotes, an important role of sterols is to:

A) serve as storage forms of energy.
B) prevent water loss.
C) catalyze chemical reactions.
D) provide strength to the cell wall.
E) stabilize the phospholipid tails in cell membranes.

Question 36

The most water-repellant of the lipids are:

A) steroids
B) waxes
C) celluloses
D) suberins
E) cutins

Question 37

When many nucleotides undergo dehydration synthesis, the product(s) is(are):

A) a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
B) many amino acids.
C) many monosaccharides.
D) a polysaccharide
E) a nucleic acid

Question 38

The monomers of proteins are:

A) monosaccharides.
B) amino acids.
C) glycerol and fatty acids.
D) nucleotides.
E) fused hydrocarbon rings.

Question 39

How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 50
E) 100

Question 40

The ______ structure of a protein involves interactions between two or more polypeptide chains.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) pentenary

Question 41

In a phospholipid bilayer, each hydrophobic tail is oriented next to a hydrophilic head of the adjancent molecule.

Question 42

A steroid is characterized by the presence of three interconnected hydrocarbon rings.

Question 43

Who am I? I form a "blanket" that stabilizes photosynthetic membranes and thus helps the plant cope with heat.

A) isoprene.
B) taxol.
C) anthocyanin.
D) salicylic acid.
E) tannin.

Question 44

The largest group of plant phenolics are the:

A) tannins.
B) cardiac glycosides.
C) flavonoids.
D) lignins.
E) salicylic acids.

Question 45

Pentoses and hexoses have a carbonyl group in the ring form but not the chain form.

Question 46

Essential oils are types of:

A) tannins.
B) flavonoids.
C) alkaloids.
D) terpenoids.
E) anthocyanins.

Question 47

The major classes of secondary plant metabolites are:

A) sugars and proteins.
B) alkaloids and sugars.
C) nucleic acids, alkaloids, and phenolics.
D) terpenoids, phenolics, and proteins.
E) alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids.

Question 48

By definition, all organic molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 49

Which of the following is a primary metabolite?

A) phytoalexin
B) morphine
C) glucose
D) taxol
E) rubber

Question 50

In contrast to unsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids have one or more kinks that prevent close packing.

Question 51

______ is a secondary metabolite responsible for adding compressive strength, stiffness, and waterproofing to the plant cell wall.

A) Tannin
B) Lignin
C) Cellulose
D) Flavone
E) Flavonol

Question 52

Starch consists of alpha-glucose subunits, whereas cellulose consists of beta-glucose.

Question 53

______ is an alkaloid used to dilate pupils in eye examinations.

A) Cocaine
B) Atropine
C) Caffeine
D) Morphine
E) Nicotine

Question 54

Which of the following secondary metabolites consists of isoprene units?

A) morphine
B) atropine
C) anthocyanin
D) taxol
E) salicylic acid

Question 55

Pectins and hemicelluloses constitute the matrix of the plant cell wall in which cellulose microfibrils are embedded.

Question 56

Plants break down their carbohydrate reserves and transport starch to the site where it is needed.

Question 57

Amylose and amylopectin are the two forms of starch.

Question 58

Unsaturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 59

In a phospholipid, the phosphate group is attached directly to the glycerol backbone.

Question 60

Only six elements make up 99 percent of the weight of all living matter.

Question 61

An RNA molecule consists of a single strand of nucleotides.

Question 62

All proteins have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

Question 63

DNA molecules are the largest macromolecules found in cells.

Question 64

The denaturation of a protein involves a disruption in its tertiary structure.

Question 65

Allelopathy is the process by which a chemical produced by one plant inhibits the growth of competitors.

Question 66

When a polypeptide is hydrolyzed, many peptide bonds are formed.

Question 67

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and an amino group.

Question 68

Energy is released in the reaction in which a phosphate group is linked to ADP forming ATP.

Question 69

Essential oils, components of plant fragrances, are phenolic compounds.

Question 70

A peptide bond is a linkage between an amino group and a carboxyl group.