Deck 11: Culture and Abnormal Psychology

Question 1

According to Remschmidt (2005),______ is a valid disorder found in both developed and developing cultures,It has a neurobiological basis,and is unrecognized,underdiagnosed,and subsequently,left untreated in many countries.

A)Depression
B)ADHD
C)Somatization
D)Schizophrenia

Answer 1

ADHD

Question 2

_____ is actually a constellation of other,more specific forms of disorder,all of which include a vivid,imaginary companionship with a single external spirit.Originating in Tongan culture,its incidence is on the rise as people move toward cities and urbanization (Puloka,1997).

A)Zar
B)Whakama
C)Sinbyong
D)Avanga

Answer 2

Avanga

Question 3

What is one of the most widely used systems of classification?

A)DDM
B)DRAI
C)DSM
D)DSS

Answer 3

DSM

Question 4

Kleinman (1978)takes the position that __________ reflects a biologically based disorder,whereas ______________ refers to the personal and social experience of depression.

A)Depressive disease,depressive illness
B)Eating disorder,anxiety
C)Panic disorder,personality disorder
D)None of the above

Question 5

According to Carson et al (1988),____________ is part of a ''group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortions of reality; withdrawal from social interaction; and disorganization of perception,thought,and emotion''.

A)Depression
B)Anxiety
C)Schizophrenia
D)Personality disorder

Question 6

The approach used in cross-cultural studies of depression and schizophrenia can be characterized as ___; that is,it assumes universally accepted definitions of abnormality and methodology.

A)Etic
B)Emic
C)Abnormality
D)Disorder

Question 7

Validity refers to the degree to which the diagnosis accurately portrays the clinical disorder it is supposed to describe.

Question 8

According to the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD),the criteria for major depression in the earlier editions included a duration of symptoms for ________ because 2 weeks of depressive symptoms could be difficult to distinguish from social suffering,which was common in China's history of wars,turmoil,and rapid social change.How long is the duration.

A)1 week
B)3 weeks
C)4 weeks
D)2 months

Question 9

Using primarily _____ (culture-specific)approaches involving ethnographic examinations of behavior within a specific cultural context,anthropologists and psychiatrists have identified several apparently unique forms of psychological disorders.

A)Emic
B)Etic
C)Emac
D)None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a New Zealand Maori construct that includes shame,self-abasement,feelings of inferiority,inadequacy,self-doubt,shyness,excessive modesty,and withdrawal (Sachdev,1990).It does not have an exact equivalent in European or American societies.

A)Zar
B)Whakama
C)Sinbyong
D)Avanga

Question 11

This might be best understood as resulting from the unique emphasis on potency in certain cultures that emphasize paternal authority.What is this?

A)Kara
B)Koro
C)Zar
D)Avanga

Question 12

What is not the main feature of ADHD?

A)Difficulty paying attention
B)Having trouble waiting turns
C)Interrupts others
D)None of the above

Question 13

What perspective is explained below? Culture and psychopathology are inextricably intertwined,and abnormal behavior can be understood only in the cultural framework within which they occur.

A)University
B)Cultural relativism
C)Individual differences
D)None of the above

Question 14

Reliability,as you will recall,has to do with the degree to which the same diagnoses is made consistently over time and by different clinicians;

Question 15

What is not the symptom of Ataque de nervios which is observed in Latin American groups?

A)Trembling
B)Uncontrollable shouting
C)Intense Crying
D)Hopelessness

Question 16

_____ is an altered state of consciousness observed among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel (Grisaru,Budowski,& Witztum,1997).The belief in possession by ____spirits,common in Africa,is expressed by involuntary movements,mutism,and incomprehensible language.What is this.

A)Zar
B)Whakama
C)Sinbyong
D)Avanga

Question 17

This occurs when a woman is believed to be recruited to become a shaman.It was reported by a Korean anthropologist through a case study of a Korean woman (Harvey,1979).What is this?

A)Hwabyong
B)Cheong
C)Sinbyong
D)None of the above

Question 18

As with the cross-cultural work on schizophrenia,the literature on depression points to both universal and culture-specific ways in which the disorder may occur and be experienced across cultures.

Question 19

According to Kiev (1972)and Yap (1974),what is Latah?

A)It is characterized by hysteria and echolalia,observed primarily in women in Malaysia
B)It is observed in Southeast Asian women
C)It is characterized by depression and apathy thought to reflect "soul loss",observed in Indians of the Andean highlands
D)It is extreme fear that the penis is shrinking or retracting

Question 20

According to Berry et al (1992),depressed people may have

A)Appetite disturbances
B)Loss of energy
C)Feeling of sadness
D)All of the above

Question 21

What is a symptom of schizophrenia?

A)Lack of insight
B)Auditory and verbal hallucinations
C)Ideas of reference
D)All of the above

Question 22

Which one of the following examples is not the subtype of ADHD?

A)Inattention
B)Hyperactivity
C)Impulsivity
D)Depression

Question 23

What kind of mode of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia may develop in individuals with a biological predisposition to the disorder following exposure to environmental stressors?

A)Diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia
B)Stress-strategy model of schizophrenia
C)Human -in-environment model of schizophrenia
D)Cross-cultural model of schizophrenia

Question 24

Culture-bound syndromes means forms of abnormal behavior observed only in certain sociocultural milieus.

Question 25

According to the perspective of a _____________,depression takes a primarily affective form in cultures with strong objective orientations.

A)Culturally relative view of depression
B)Universality of depression
C)Psychoanalysis of depression
D)None of the above

Question 26

One of the definitions of abnormality focuses on whether an individual's behavior is associated with impairment or inefficiency when carrying out customary roles.

Question 27

Studies investigating schizophrenia have found evidence that the expressed emotion construct decreases the risk of relapse.

Question 28

Two types of cultural errors are made in clinical assessment.Which one is one of two types?

A)Overpathologizing
B)Pathologizing
C)None of the above
D)All of the above

Question 29

According to Cantwell (1006),boys are more likely to be diagnosed than girls on ADHD.

Question 30

Which one is incorrect in terms of ICD?

A)It is the International Classification of Diseases
B)Its section on mental health includes 100 major diagnostic categories encompassing 329 individual clinical classifications
C)It is intended to be descriptive and atheoretical
D)It recognizes the importance of culture in influencing the expression and presentation of disorder

Question 31

Which one is not true about Amok?

A)It has been identified in several countries in Asia
B)It has been observed primarily in males
C)Several stages of the disorder have been identified,ranging from extreme withdrawal prior to the assaultive behavior to exhaustion and amnesia from the rage
D)All of the above are true

Question 32

According to Lopez (1989),______________may occur when the clinician,unfamiliar with the client's cultural background,incorrectly judges the client's behavior as pathological when in fact the behaviors are normal variations for that individual's culture.

A)Overpathologizing
B)Underpathologizing
C)Pathologizing
D)None of the above

Question 33

__________ means the process of adapting to,and in many case adopting,a different culture from the one in which a person was enculturated.Fill in the blank.

A)Acculturation
B)Pathologizing
C)Interculturation
D)None of the above

Question 34

Which one is not the country that WHO investigated for the symptoms of depression?

A)Canada
B)Switzerland
C)Iran
D)Korea

Question 35

Which of the following means Bodily symptoms as expressions of psychological distress?

A)Underpathologizing
B)Cultural relativism
C)Acculturation
D)Somatization

Question 36

According to the textbook the finding by Kleinman (1988); depressed Chinese and African participants report feeling less guilt and shame than depressed European American and European participants.These findings may reflect a ____________

A)Cultural response bias
B)Cognitive difference
C)Personality difference
D)None of the above

Question 37

What does the following statement explain? These systems of cure,such as folk healers,are particular to a certain culture.

A)Intercultural system
B)Indigenous healing systems
C)Cultural adjustment systems
D)Universal systems

Question 38

Carson et al.(1988)stated that ______ is characterized by sudden rage and homicidal aggression.It is thought to be brought on by stress,sleep deprivation,and alcohol consumption.What is this?

A)Depression
B)Hwa
C)Sinbyong
D)Amok

Question 39

According to Isaac et al.(1996),somatic expressions of psychological distress is a cultural phenomenon and that the presence of large numbers of somatic symptoms is strongly related to the over expression of psychological distress in European and American cultures,too.

Question 40

Many cross-cultural scholars argue that we can understand and identify abnormal behavior only if we take cultural context into account.This viewpoint suggests that we must apply the principle of ____________________.

A)Social Learning theory
B)Cultural relativism to abnormality
C)Contextual effect
D)Freud's theory

Question 41

Which of the following is not an example of culture-bound syndromes?

A)Sinbyong or spirit sickness
B)Tripping or taking acid
C)Susto or soul loss
D)Koro or fear of shrinking genital or nipples
E)None of the above

Question 42

When researchers study culture-bound syndromes,what factor should be considered?

A)Cultural values
B)Beliefs
C)Social situations
D)All of the above

Question 43

_____ is characterized by a distorted body image,fear of becoming fat,and a serious loss of weight associated with restraining from eating food or purging after eating.

A)Amok
B)Koro
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Susto

Question 44

Which of the following is not the dimension for understanding culture-bound syndromes that Pfeiffer (1982)suggested?

A)Culture-specific areas of Stress
B)Culture-specific shaping of conduct
C)Interpretations of conduct
D)None of the above

Question 45

_____ is characterized by hysteria and echolalia,observed primarily in women in Malaysia.What is this?

A)Latah
B)Koro
C)Zar
D)Whakama

Question 46

According to Carson et al.(1988),assessment of _____ involves identifying and describing an individual's symptoms " within the context of his or her overall level of functioning and environment" the tools and methods of assessment should be sensitive to cultural and other environmental influences on behavior and functioning.Fill in the blank.

A)General behavior
B)Abnormal behavior
C)Aggressive behavior
D)Social reaction

Question 47

Which of the following is not one of the assessment guidelines for practitioners to distinguish psychopathology and culture-related conditions by Paniagua (1998,2000)?

A)Practitioners should not check their own cultural biases and prejudice before attempting to evaluate clients who are culturally different
B)Practitioners should not immediately jump to the conclusion that the client's symptoms are manifestations of a culture-bound syndrome simply because the client is of that culture
C)Practitioners should ask culturally appropriate questions that would allow the client and family members to elaborate on possible cultural factors that may help explain the disorder under consideration
D)Practitioners should familiarize themselves with the cultural background of the client by consulting with family members,peers,and folk healers

Question 48

What is the possible cause of anorexia nervosa?

A)Cultural emphasis on thinness as an ideal for women
B)Constricted sex roles
C)An individual's fear of being out of control
D)All of the above

Question 49

Pfeiffer argues that how a culture interprets exceptional behavior will be linked to culture-specific interventions which heal the soul loss associated with _____ will involve sacrifices carried out by a native healer to appease the earth so that it will return the soul. What is this describing?

A)Amok
B)Koro
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Susto