Deck 10: Religion and Race

Question 1

Sentiments expressed by college students toward the Danireans, Pireneans, and Wallonians can likely best be explained by

A)conflict over scarce resources with members of these groups.
B)negative effects of ethnic jokes.
C)stereotypes.
D)institutional discrimination.
E)"we-they" theory.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A situation in which policies in one aspect of society causes unintended discrimination in another social realm is called

A)aversive discrimination.
B)color symbolism.
C)particularism.
D)indirect institutional discrimination.
E)racial asceticism.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a point made by Roberts and Yamane regarding religious bigotry?

A)One reason for racial prejudice in the churches is that extrinsically religious persons join churches for secular reasons and, thus, are not necessarily committed to the moral teaching of the faith.
B)The symbolic connotation of the colors black and white, which can be traced back many centuries in Western civilization, may be one of the factors that has unwittingly contributed to racism.
C)Christian particularism is highly correlated with anti-Semitism, but not with racial prejudice.
D)Religious prejudice is often a reflection of larger social conflicts rather than their cause.
E)Two-thirds of the major denominations in the U.S.have not spoken out and declared Christianity and racism to be mutually exclusive.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The idea that religious prejudice is a consequence of other social processes and tensions rather than its cause is most forcefully represented in

A)conflict theory.
B)structural functional theory.
C)symbolic interaction theory.
D)rational choice theory.
E)reference group theory.

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT among the cultural meaning factors associated with racism?

A)Color symbolism.
B)The doctrine of free-will individualism.
C)Particularism.
D)The doctrine of predestination.

Question 6

In trying to assess the segregation of congregations, a "continuous" approach develops a "heterogeneity index".This index indicates

A)that a congregation either is, or is not, segregated.
B)that 37 percent of congregations are multiracial.
C)that there is a certain a "probability"-rated on a 0.0 to 1.0 scale-that any two randomly selected members will be of different racial groups.
D)that no congregations in the United States are multicultural.
E)which denominations are most segregated.

Question 7

Development of we-they prejudice involving religious groups is especially likely in situations where racial, economic, and religious boundaries are

A)cross-cutting.
B)nonexistent.
C)coextensive.
D)blurred.

Question 8

Among religious abolitionists, which of the following may have been linked to aversive racism, keeping blacks separated and disadvantaged?

A)Color symbolism.
B)The miracle motif.
C)Free will individualism.
D)Aligning actions.

Question 9

A major thesis of the textbook's chapter on Christianity and racism is that

A)Christianity, like most religions, is intrinsically racist.
B)some Christians are racist, but they are maladjusted individuals who do not represent the majority.
C)discrimination will soon stop because racism within the church is nearly eradicated.
D)religion may contribute to prejudice unintentionally-as in the case of the institutional system or the belonging system rewarding behaviors contrary to the official meaning system of the faith.
E)all of the above.

Question 10

Consider the following two statements in relation to the course material: (A) The majority of African American "nones" are atheists or agnostics; and (B) African Americans today are less connected to specific denominations (e.g., Baptist, Catholic) than they have been historically; Which of the following is correct?

A)Only A is an accurate statement
B)Only B is an accurate statement
C)Both A and B are accurate statements
D)Neither A nor B are accurate statements

Question 11

Your textbook authors (Roberts and Yamane) believe that the most important issue in racial and ethnic discrimination is

A)religious doctrines.
B)improper socialization.
C)alienation.
D)personality maladjustments in prejudiced people.
E)conflict over scarce resources.

Question 12

Many preachers in Little Rock, AK did not use prophetic ministry to speak out against discrimination in their community.However, Protestant clergy in California were much more likely to preach using prophetic ministry.Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining whether a preacher will follow the ideals of the church and take prophetic stands against racism?

A)Relative liberalism or conservatism of the congregation
B)Size of the congregation
C)Relative liberalism or conservatism of denominational leaders
D)Organization of the denomination

Question 13

Research indicates that religious groups in the United States are, for the most part,

A).less segregated by race and ethnicity than the larger society.
B)more segregated by race and ethnicity than the larger society.
C)no different in segregation than most social institutions.
D)more segregated at the organizational (denominational) level than the larger society and less so at the level of local congregations.

Question 14

In accord with George Kelsey's argument, your textbook says that racism and Christianity are philosophically

A)incompatible because racism involves an implicit worship of one's genes and an understanding of human worth that is contrary to Christianity.
B)incompatible because the Declaration of Independence says everyone is "created equal."
C)incompatible because he believes that Jesus was black.
D)compatible because the Bible endorses the idea of hierarchical relationships between people.
E)compatible because the Bible says Ham, whose skin was dark, was the rejected son.

Question 15

Several good friends at a church potluck supper complain to each other about characteristics of another ethnic group and laugh at a few ethnic jokes.This is an example of how in a religion can contribute to racism.

A)institutional factors
B)belonging factors
C)meaning factors
D)cognitive development factors
E)anomie

Question 16

A researcher argues that a congregation has very high levels of homophily.This means

A)that the congregation is multiracial.
B)that the congregation is made up of two predominant ethnic groups of about the same size.
C)that the congregation is nondenominational.
D)that people in the congregation seem to be attracted to people like themselves-that birds of a feather flock together .
E)that the congregation rejects homosexuals and bars them from membership

Question 17

George Kelsey argues that racism is a religion and that many Americans are polytheists.

A)Summarize his argument,
B)Formulate your own opinion as to whether you agree with him,
C)Provide rationale for your opinion.

Question 18

At first, white masters in North America refused to allow missionaries to preach to their slaves because most denominations

A)did not want blacks in their churches.
B)charged plantation owners heavily for the service.
C)taught that blacks were related to chimpanzees and not fully human; therefore they could not be converted to Christianity.
D)maintained that a Christian could not own another Christian; thus black converts would have to be freed.
E)all of the above.

Question 19

An important reason that clergy in Little Rock did not speak out more forcefully during the school desegregation crisis in that city was that

A)most of them did not support school desegregation.
B)institutional rewards enticed them to go easy and not rock the boat.
C)the official policies of their denominations either supported segregation or were silent on the matter.
D)white "citizens' councils" threatened to burn their homes.
E)all of the above.

Question 20

Joe feels he is not prejudiced against other people.He does not think anyone should be subjugated, humiliated, or demeaned by others.But he doesn't really want to interact with blacks.As long as he does not have to associate with them personally, he has no problem with Americans of African descent.Sociologists would say that Joe's attitude illustrates

A)free-will individualism
B)aversive racism.
C)dominative racism.
D)institutional racism.
E)religious particularism.

Question 21

According to data from the U.S.Religious Landscape Survey, a majority (58%) of Latinos in the United States identify as:

A)Evangelical Protestants
B)Pentecostals
C)Catholics
D)Unaffiliated
E)None of the above

Question 22

Which of the following racial groups are overrepresented among atheists in the United States?

A)Whites and Latinos
B)Whites and Blacks
C)Whites and Asians
D)Whites and Other/Mixed