Deck 10: Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Question 1

The application of learning principles derived from operant conditioning; use to increase or decrease specific behaviors.

A)behavior intervention
B)applied behavior analysis
C)behavior management
D)punishment

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The Freudian perspective that if basic psychological bonds are not established between the parent and the child,the child will not be able to establish relationships with others and will fail to progress.

A)organic theory
B)theory of mind
C)behavior theory
D)psychogenic theories

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Leo Kanner differentiated autism from schizophrenia in all except which one of the following areas:

A)Extreme aloneness from the very beginning of life
B)Powerful desire for aloneness and sameness
C)Obsessive-compulsive behavior
D)An attachment to objects

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What percentage of individuals with autism spectrum disorders is considered to be "autistic savants"?

A)1%
B)5%
C)10%
D)25%

Question 5

A social communication deficit common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.The failure to respond to a gaze or pointing by another person.

A)theory of mind
B)theory of intellectual functioning
C)autistic savant
D)joint attention

Question 6

Early prespeech deficits that may facilitate an early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and early intervention include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)disregard for vocalizations
B)delayed onset of babbling past nine months of age
C)recognition of mother's or father's voice
D)decreased or absent use of prespeech gestures

Question 7

Transition plans for the adolescent with ASD typically include all of the following except

A)goals that address daily living skills
B)goals that address communication and social skills
C)goals that address living arrangements
D)goals that address intrapersonal skills

Question 8

Which one of the following treatments is validated by research?

A)Hormone injections
B)Dietary treatments
C)Picture exchange communication system
D)Auditory integration training

Question 9

Whose work first described the symptoms that characterize autism?

A)Bernard Rimland
B)Leo Kanner
C)Bruno Bettelheim
D)Ole Ivar Lovaas

Question 10

An individual with "theory of mind" deficits is likely to have difficulty

A)learning academic content.
B)following a multiple-step routine.
C)understanding the perspective of others.
D)listening to verbal directions.

Question 11

______ disputed psychogenic theories of autism.He was an advocate for families with children with autism and the father of an individual with autism.

A)Kanner
B)Rank
C)Bettelheim
D)Rimland

Question 12

Current research suggests that the origin of autism spectrum disorders is related to

A)biological factors.
B)psychological factors.
C)behavioral conditioning.
D)parent-child interaction.

Question 13

An intervention that focuses on managing a child's learning opportunities by teaching specific,manageable tasks until mastery in a continued effort to build upon mastered skills is referred to as

A)Lovaas Model of Applied Behavior Analysis
B)Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
C)Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
D)TEACCH Model

Question 14

A hypothesis that attempts to explain the inability of the individual with autism to realize that other people have their own unique point of view about the world.

A)autistic savant
B)theory of intellectual functioning
C)theory of mind
D)joint attention

Question 15

Which is not included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism?

A)Impairment in social interaction
B)Intellectual disability
C)Stereotyped and repetitive behaviors
D)Impairment in communication

Question 16

A communication system developed to assist students in building fundamental language skills,eventually leading to spontaneous communication.

A)Social Stories
B)Discrete Trial Training (DTT)
C)Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
D)TEACCH Model

Question 17

______ suggested that autism may be organically based and that the mother's behavior was a reaction to the child's condition.

A)L Bender
B)C Fester
C)Lovaas
D)Freud

Question 18

An individual with autism who possesses special skills in areas such as mathematical calculations,memory feats,artistic and musical abilities,or reading is called

A)genius
B)idiosyncratic
C)autistic intellectual
D)autistic savant

Question 19

Effective programs for preschoolers with ASD typically share all of the following representative features EXCEPT

A)an emphasis on developing communication as well as social skills
B)high degree of family involvement
C)interdisciplinary interventions
D)high teacher-student ratio

Question 20

According to the most recently reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorder,one in every _____ children at age 8 is identified with ASD.

A)58
B)68
C)88
D)108

Question 21

Which disorder did early researchers associate with autism?

A)Manic depression
B)Fragile X syndrome
C)Schizophrenia
D)Tourette syndrome

Question 22

The "parroting" of the speech of others is referred to as

A)rerseveration.
B)echolalia.
C)mimicking.
D)stereotypy.

Question 23

What is the function of a VOCA device?

A)Produce synthesized speech
B)Assess an individual's job preferences
C)Stimulate an individual's vocal chords
D)Display pictures for communication

Question 24

Which is not considered a characteristic of individuals with Asperger syndrome?

A)Poor motor skills
B)Inflexibility
C)Social awkwardness
D)Severe delays in language development

Question 25

At what age does IDEA require the school to assist families with planning for transition?

A)5
B)12
C)16
D)18

Question 26

When are individualized family service plans typically developed for children with autism spectrum disorders?

A)During their transition to postsecondary settings
B)During the onset of early intervention services
C)During the transition from preschool to kindergarten settings
D)Following the occurrence of a change in the family unit

Question 27

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of assessment for students with autism spectrum disorders?

A)The use of multiple assessment instruments
B)Diagnostic processes are administered by a team of professionals
C)Direct observations
D)A focus on measures of cognitive functioning

Question 28

Which one of the following is not considered a repetitive and restrictive behavior?

A)Nonfunctional rituals
B)Preoccupation with the parts of objects
C)Screaming to access an adult's attention
D)Limited patterns of interest

Question 29

Which one of the following is not a type of sentence used in writing social stories?

A)Descriptive
B)Interpretive
C)Perspective
D)Directive

Question 30

What is not a characteristic of the TEACCH intervention model?

A)Predictability
B)Organization of the physical environment
C)Visually structured activities
D)Social rehearsal

Question 31

Early psychogenic theories of autism

A)emphasized deviant maternal characteristics.
B)emphasized a genetic origin.
C)emphasized behavioral conditioning.
D)are prevalent today.

Question 32

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders should be wary of interventions

A)claiming to cure individuals of autism.
B)supported by research.
C)that are low cost.
D)suggested by related service providers.

Question 33

Research on intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders indicates substantial support for the use of

A)dietary therapies.
B)behavioral treatment.
C)music therapy.
D)play therapy.

Question 34

Impairments in the social interactions of individuals with autism spectrum disorders do not include

A)decreased ability to use multiple nonverbal cues.
B)failure to establish developmentally appropriate peer relationships.
C)a lack of seeking to share enjoyment with others.
D)the inability to develop preferences for interaction with specific individuals.

Question 35

Which researcher used applied behavior analysis to treat children with autism?

A)Ole Ivar Lovaas
B)Bernard Rimland
C)Leo Kanner
D)Loretta Bender

Question 36

Who set forth nine points as evidence of the biological origins of autism?

A)Ole Ivar Lovaas
B)Bruno Bettelheim
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Bernard Rimland

Question 37

How many hours of weekly intervention are recommended for young children with autism spectrum disorders?

A)10 hours
B)15 hours
C)25 hours
D)40 hours

Question 38

Approximately 33.3% of students with autism spectrum disorders are served in

A)general education settings.
B)special schools.
C)self-contained classrooms.
D)residential facilities.

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of repetitive motor movements?

A)Echolalia
B)Inflexibility
C)Preoccupation with unusual objects
D)Greeting rituals

Question 40

A social story

A)is presented immediately following a problem behavior.
B)uses a peer as the main character of the story.
C)is presented prior to the target situation.
D)must use text accompanied by pictures.

Question 41

A thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres responsible for the higher mental functions,general movement,perception,and behavioral reactions is the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)brainstem.
C)amygdala.
D)basal ganglia.

Question 42

Which one of the following suggests that autism may be neurological in nature?

A)Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Schizophrenia
D)Seizure disorders

Question 43

What does autistic mean?

A)Unable to form affective relationships
B)Having intellectual disabilities
C)To escape from reality
D)To be locked into isolation

Question 44

When was autism spectrum disorder described as a separate clinical category?

A)1943
B)1980
C)1966
D)1977

Question 45

Deficits in social interaction include significant impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors,which include all of the following except this:

A)Eye-to-eye gaze
B)Facial expressions
C)Body postures and gestures
D)Receptive language

Question 46

According to the federal government,more than 479,500 pupils ages ______ were identified as having autism during the 2013-2014 school year.

A)Birth-18
B)6-21
C)3-12
D)14-21

Question 47

Many effective programs use principles of ______.

A)sensory integration
B)constructivism
C)psychogenics
D)applied behavior analysis

Question 48

All of the following are examples of repetitive and restrictive behavior except

A)Cleanliness
B)Eating only certain foods
C)Repeated body movements
D)Rigidity about routines

Question 49

Although no one instructional approach is effective with all students with autism spectrum disorders,an emphasis on developing ______ and appropriate social skills is characteristic of most approaches.

A)moral developmental skills
B)environmental safety abilities
C)functional communication abilities
D)adaptive living skills

Question 50

All of the following are characteristics of early intervention services except this:

A)Health insurance services
B)Parent counseling
C)Occupational therapy
D)Recreational therapy

Question 51

Which of the following factors has contributed to the perceptions that people with autism spectrum disorders have special abilities?

A)The way that individuals with autism spectrum disorders have been portrayed in movies
B)Researchers have made claims concerning the special abilities of people with autism spectrum disorders.
C)Large percentages of people with autism spectrum disorders have exhibited special abilities.
D)People with autism spectrum disorders tend to score highly on measures of cognitive ability.

Question 52

Autism is a complex ______ disorder of development.

A)neurodevelopmental
B)behavioral
C)psychological
D)genetic

Question 53

Uneven skill development may be the cause for a common myth that,inside each autistic child,there is a(n)

A)genius.
B)self-injurious tendency.
C)aggressive attitude.
D)none of these

Question 54

What is thought to be the prevalence of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and related development disorders in the United States?

A)2.5 million people
B)8.5 million people
C)3.5 million people
D)4.5 million people

Question 55

Effective programs for students with autism spectrum disorders are early,intensive,and ______.

A)multidisciplinary
B)affordable
C)inclusive
D)academic

Question 56

"Bad mothering" is associated with which theory for causes of autism?

A)Environmental theory
B)Psychogenic theory
C)Organic theory
D)Behavioral theory

Question 57

The ______ makes it possible to remember new information and recent events.

A)brainstem
B)hippocampus
C)basal ganglia
D)cerebellum

Question 58

Special education programs with more ______ are associated with better outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorders.

A)staff
B)sensory integration strategies
C)structure
D)opportunities for inclusion

Question 59

The part of the brain responsible for emotional responses is the

A)cerebral cortex.
B)brainstem.
C)basal ganglia.
D)amygdala.

Question 60

A supervised,structured setting that provides job training in specific job skills is an example of which type of employment option?

A)Army training
B)Job coach
C)Supported employment
D)Sheltered workshops

Question 61

All individuals with autism show characteristic deficits in communication and social skills.

Question 62

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders have an increased risk for seizures.

Question 63

The application of computer technology to deliver instruction is

A)augmentative and alternative communication.
B)picture exchange communication system.
C)computer-assisted instruction.
D)none of these

Question 64

One disadvantage of picture exchange communication systems is that they may interfere with the user's development of spoken language.

Question 65

There is a cure for autism spectrum disorders.

Question 66

An individual with ASD should participate in the development of his or her own transition plan.

Question 67

Many young adults with ASD exit high school without the requisite skills for postsecondary success.

Question 68

A specific medical test has been developed to diagnose autism spectrum disorders.

Question 69

Asperger syndrome is foremost a social disorder.

Question 70

One effective learning strategy used by individuals with ASD is observational learning.

Question 71

Individuals with Asperger syndrome display no significant delay in language development.

Question 72

There is a limited body of research identifying best practice interventions for students with autism spectrum disorders.

Question 73

Most adults with autism spectrum disorders are able to independently maintain employment.

Question 74

During 2013-2014,one third of school-aged students also received services in a self-contained classroom.

Question 75

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Individuals with ASD may exhibit which of the following behaviors?

A)play with toys in an unintended fashion
B)eat few foods or only foods with certain texture
C)extreme sensitivity to pain
D)show unusual attachment to inanimate objects

Question 76

A social communication deficit common in individuals with ASD,the failure to respond to a gaze or pointing by another person,is referred to as

A)regulated movement.
B)Asperger syndrome.
C)joint attention.
D)none of these

Question 77

Which of the following is not an example of how to teach high-functioning individuals with ASD?

A)Break down tasks
B)Prepare students for change
C)Avoid abstract ideas whenever possible
D)Use sarcasm

Question 78

Autism spectrum disorders are the result of abnormalities in a specific location of the brain.

Question 79

Autism spectrum disorders are generally described as mild,moderate,or severe.

Question 80

Autism is a psychotic disorder.