Deck 11: Individuals with Speech and Language Impairments

Question 1

Omissions is an articulation disorder where

A)a speaker inserts extra sounds in spoken words
B)one sound is substituted for another in the pronunciation of a word
C)a sound is said inaccurately but resembles the intended sound
D)a sound is not pronounced in a word

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Distortions is an articulation disorder where

A)a speaker inserts extra sounds in spoken words
B)one sound is substituted for another in the pronunciation of a word
C)a sound is said inaccurately but resembles the intended sound
D)a sound is not pronounced in a word

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A father feeds his child green beans for lunch.After taking a bite,the child frowns,spits the beans out,and pushes the next spoonful of beans away.This child is

A)using morphological rules.
B)using nonlinguistic communication behaviors.
C)experiencing message distortion.
D)interpreting a communication message.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A student who says,"I saw the mouses run out of the hole" is having difficulty with what component of language?

A)Semantics
B)Phonology
C)Pragmatics
D)Morphology

Question 5

The component of language that deals with rules of putting words together to form phrases and sentences is called

A)morphology.
B)phonology.
C)pragmatics.
D)syntax.

Question 6

______ is a rule-based method of communication that relies on the comprehension and use of signs and symbols through which ideas are represented.

A)Speech
B)Language
C)Communication
D)Articulation

Question 7

________ dictates how the smallest meaningful units of language are combined to form words.

A)Phonology
B)Morphology
C)Syntax
D)Semantics

Question 8

The __________ of language contains rules for how to put words together to form phrases and sentences.

A)phonology
B)morphology
C)syntax
D)semantics

Question 9

Loss or impairment of language functions.

A)functional
B)organic
C)aphasia
D)neurophysiology

Question 10

A child says,"That apple is weally wed." The child is having difficulty with what component of language?

A)Semantics
B)Phonology
C)Pragmatics
D)Syntax

Question 11

Difficulty learning and using morphological rules of language is referred to as

A)phonological disorder
B)morphological disorder
C)semantic disorder
D)pragmatic difficulties

Question 12

Substitutions is an articulation disorder where

A)a speaker inserts extra sounds in spoken words
B)one sound is substituted for another in the pronunciation of a word
C)a sound is said inaccurately but resembles the intended sound
D)a sound is not pronounced in a word

Question 13

An articulation disorder is defined as

A)errors in the formation of individual sounds of speech
B)one sound is substituted for another in the pronunciation of a word
C)a sound is said inaccurately but resembles the intended sound
D)a sound is not pronounced in a word

Question 14

Additions is an articulation disorder where

A)errors in the formation of individual sounds of speech
B)one sound is substituted for another in the pronunciation of a word
C)a sound is said inaccurately but resembles the intended sound
D)a speaker inserts extra sounds in spoken words

Question 15

A child who can tell his or her first name,hold up fingers to indicate his or her age,answer "where" questions,and use short sentences such as "Me want milk" is demonstrating the developmental milestones of a typically developing

A)1-year-old.
B)2-year-old.
C)3-year-old.
D)4-year-old.

Question 16

Etiologies of speech and language disorders that have no obvious physical basis.

A)functional
B)organic
C)aphasia
D)neurophysiology

Question 17

Hyponasality refers to

A)disorders of the larynx or disorders in phonation
B)disorder of sound quality of speech
C)disorder in which too much air passes through the nasal cavities during the production of sounds
D)disorder in which there is a restricted flow of air through the nostrils

Question 18

Hypernasality refers to

A)disorders of the larynx or disorders in phonation
B)disorder of sound quality of speech
C)disorder in which too much air passes through the nasal cavities during the production of sounds
D)disorder in which there is a restricted flow of air through the nostrils

Question 19

______ includes the sounds that are characteristic of language.

A)Phonology
B)Morphology
C)Syntax
D)Semantics

Question 20

__________ is a psycholinguistic system that involves word meanings and word relationships and their use in communication.

A)Phonology
B)Morphology
C)Syntax
D)Semantics

Question 21

Approximately what percentage of preschoolers (i.e.,3-,4-,and 5-year-olds)receiving special education have a speech and language disorder?

A)10%
B)30%
C)44%
D)75%

Question 22

The label used by the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (PL 108-446)for a student's difficulty with communication is

A)speech and language impairment.
B)communication disorder.
C)speech and language delay.
D)communication impairment.

Question 23

A student with aphasia exhibits

A)additions of speech sounds in words (e.g.,likes for like).
B)breathiness.
C)an impairment of language function.
D)an inability to position speech muscles to produce speech sounds.

Question 24

A child who was in a car accident and received head trauma developed a speech and language problem following the accident.How would the etiology of this child's communication disorder be classified?

A)Aphasic
B)Developmental
C)Congenital
D)Acquired

Question 25

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a student demonstrating receptive language?

A)The teacher tells Bob to go get a marker and bring it to her.Bob gets the marker and takes it to the teacher.
B)Bob holds up a marker and says to the teacher,"I have a marker."
C)The teacher tells Bob to go get a marker and bring it to her.Bob walks to the sink.
D)Bob holds up a marker and says to the teacher,"Me marker."

Question 26

All sounds in the English language are mastered by children by the time they reach

A)6 years of age.
B)7 years of age.
C)8 years of age.
D)9 years of age.

Question 27

A 12-year-old student who says "I-I-I-I want i-i-i-ice c-c-c-cream" is exhibiting

A)a voice disorder.
B)cluttering.
C)apraxia of speech.
D)a fluency disorder.

Question 28

Which of the following is not associated with stuttering?

A)More males than females stutter
B)Children who are twins are more likely to stutter.
C)Stuttering has been linked to psychological trauma.
D)Stuttering is the most common fluency disorder.

Question 29

A 7-year-old boy with a speech impairment makes the following statement to his mother: "I hur my han when I wan into the fence." The boy was attempting to say ,"I hurt my hand when I ran into the fence." This child is demonstrating the speech production errors of

A)addition and substitution.
B)addition and omission.
C)substitution and distortion.
D)substitution and omission.

Question 30

A child with a severe articulation disorder

A)has speech that cannot be understood most of the time by most people.
B)has speech that cannot be understood except by family members.
C)can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly some of the time.
D)can produce sounds but only pronounces them correctly when the child thinks he or she is alone.

Question 31

Which of the following would not be a characteristic of an expressive language disorder?

A)Difficulty formulating questions
B)Difficulty following oral directions
C)Difficulty with correct grammar usage
D)Difficulty developing vocabulary

Question 32

A child with normal hearing who has difficulty paying attention while listening,paying attention to the teacher when background noise is in the classroom,remembering information presented orally,and discriminating between similar sounding words may be demonstrating

A)a syntactic disorder.
B)aphasia.
C)apraxia of speech.
D)a central auditory processing disorder.

Question 33

Alexander comes to school on the first day and speaks to the teacher,Ms.Milan.She thinks he sounds like he is holding his nose when he speaks.Ms.Milan alerts the speech-language pathologist,who says the student may have

A)vocal nodules.
B)a phonation disorder.
C)hyponasality.
D)hypernasality.

Question 34

When conducting an assessment of a student's speech and language,which of the following is conducted using a formal measure?

A)Observation of prelinguistic behaviors
B)Conversational language sample
C)Articulation test
D)Parent interview

Question 35

If a child's screening assessment determines that there is a possibility of a communication disability,the next step in the assessment process is to

A)make a referral.
B)conduct a second screening.
C)determine eligibility.
D)plan the child's program.

Question 36

The characteristic(s)of a phonation disorder include(s)

A)too little or too much air passing through the nasal passage.
B)hoarseness,breathiness,and huskiness.
C)an inability to make intelligible speech sounds.
D)a disruption in the fluency of speech.

Question 37

Some of the earliest sounds to emerge in young children's speech include

A)zh,v,z,s.
B)k,g,d,t.
C)p,m,h,n,w.
D)ng,f,y,r,l.

Question 38

Abnormalities in respiration,phonation,and vocal resonance can influence which of the following?

A)Articulation
B)Voice quality
C)Fluency
D)All of these

Question 39

A mild to moderate speech and language disorder

A)is so subtle that it usually affects students' lives inconsequentially.
B)is experienced only by a small percentage of students.
C)most often occurs secondary to pervasive cognitive disabilities.
D)may have a profound effect on all aspects of a student's life.

Question 40

Ariel approaches another group of children who are talking about the baseball game.She stands very close to the children,gets close to their faces,and says,"I have two cats at my house." The children acknowledge her,back away a bit,and continue the conversation about the ballgame.Ariel interrupts again,moves closer to the children,and says,"My Siamese cat and my Persian cat belong to me,not my brother." In what component of language does Ariel most likely have a deficit?

A)Syntax
B)Morphology
C)Pragmatics
D)Semantics

Question 41

Children with speech and language impairments who are second-language learners are difficult to identify because

A)parents are reluctant to have their children tested.
B)reliable and valid tests used for identification are limited.
C)to be valid,tests must be conducted in the child's second language.
D)communication behaviors emerge at different ages in different cultures.

Question 42

A cleft palate is an example of which etiological classification?

A)Functional
B)Phonological
C)Organic
D)Traumatic

Question 43

Early intervention with young children with speech and language impairments is critical because

A)the younger the child,the more successful the outcomes of the intervention.
B)some interventions have been shown to be effective only with children younger than 5 years.
C)young children need intensive interventions in self-contained settings.
D)federal legislation mandates young children receive early intervention services by a speech-language pathologist.

Question 44

"A rule-based method of communication" best sums up the definition of which of the following terms?

A)Speech
B)Communication
C)Language
D)Phonology

Question 45

Which of the following is not an example of nonlinguistic communication?

A)Rolling your eyes
B)Keyboarding
C)Nodding your head
D)Gesturing

Question 46

All of the following are organs that are used in the production of speech except the

A)amygdala.
B)epiglottis.
C)uvula.
D)frenum.

Question 47

All of the following are characteristics of children who have receptive language problems except problems

A)with vocabulary.
B)following directions.
C)understanding figurative language.
D)responding to questions appropriately.

Question 48

Language form comprises all of the following elements except

A)syntax.
B)phonology.
C)semantics.
D)morphology.

Question 49

The three basic types of speech impairments are ______,______,and ______.

A)Articulation disorders,voice disorders,fluency disorders
B)Aphasia,apraxia,articulation
C)Resonance,phonation,nasality
D)Central auditory processing disorder,developmental delay,receptive disorder

Question 50

The ______ of language includes the rules governing how words are formed from meaningful units.

A)syntax
B)phonology
C)morphology
D)semantics

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of an articulation disorder?

A)Phonation
B)Resonance
C)Stuttering
D)Distortions

Question 52

Aphasia is ______.

A)mpairment in positioning the speech muscles.
B)inability to hear speech sounds.
C)errors in the production of speech sounds.
D)loss or impairment of language function.

Question 53

A student with a significant deficit in speech production would have which type of disorder?

A)Phonological
B)Voice
C)Semantic
D)Syntactical

Question 54

At what age,typically,can a child tell a story?

A)5-6
B)8-9
C)1-2
D)3-4

Question 55

Most students with speech and language impairments are served in

A)general education classrooms.
B)special classes targeted for students with speech-language impairments.
C)resource rooms.
D)speech therapy classrooms.

Question 56

Care must be taken that normative data account for individual and cultural differences that affect language acquisition.One way to do this is through a language sample.This type of assessment can be described as which one of the following?

A)Formal
B)Evaluative
C)Critical
D)Informal

Question 57

Students with expressive language problems may have difficulty ______.

A)producing age-appropriate vocabulary
B)following oral directions
C)responding to questions appropriately
D)understanding humor

Question 58

Speech and language problems resulting from a child contracting meningitis are an example of a(n)_______ communication disorder.

A)preventable
B)developmental
C)congenital
D)acquired

Question 59

A low-tech augmentative or alternative communication device includes the use of

A)picture symbols.
B)the selection of words to generate speech.
C)iPods or iPads.
D)concrete choices.

Question 60

By kindergarten,most children have a vocabulary of how many words?

A)2,000
B)500
C)1,000
D)4,000

Question 61

A speech impairment is present when the individual's speech deviates to such a degree that it interferes with communication,attracts unfavorable attention,and adversely affects the listeners,the speaker,or both.

Question 62

Sign language is an alternative or augmentative communication.

Question 63

Phonology,morphology,syntax,semantics,and pragmatics are components of

A)speech.
B)communication.
C)language.
D)syntax.

Question 64

Speech is the most complex mode for expression of language.

Question 65

Evaluation of language skills in the preschool child should always include which of the following measures?

A)Adaptive behavior scales
B)Parent interviews
C)Informal language sampling
D)All of these

Question 66

Most young children who do not speak fluently will develop stuttering as they mature.

Question 67

A child has a vocabulary of approximately 1,000 words around ______ years of age.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 68

Prelinguistic skills in young children develop differently based on the child's culture.

Question 69

Speech and language impairments are considered a low-incidence disability.

Question 70

Children with pragmatic difficulties have problems understanding and using language in different social contexts.

Question 71

A lisp is an example of

A)omission.
B)substitution.
C)addition.
D)distortion.

Question 72

Children with central auditory processing disorder have difficulty paying attention to a speaker when there is background noise in the room but usually have normal hearing.

Question 73

Individuals who have problems understanding language in different social contexts are experiencing ______ difficulties.

A)syntactical
B)semantic
C)pragmatic
D)morphological

Question 74

IDEA 2004 mandates that professionals must seek information from the parents and include it in the assessment process.

Question 75

Symptoms of cluttering include all of the following except

A)reading and writing disorders.
B)word repetitions.
C)short attention span.
D)inability to filter distractions.

Question 76

Articulation disorders include all of the following except

A)substitutions.
B)repetitions.
C)omissions.
D)additions.

Question 77

Speech has an expressive and receptive component.

Question 78

______ is the exchange of ideas,information,thoughts,and feelings.

A)Speech
B)Vocabulary
C)Communication
D)Language

Question 79

Sign language and communication boards are examples of

A)augmentative communication devices.
B)alternative communication devices.
C)augmentative and alternative communication.
D)all of these

Question 80

Language is possibly the most complex human behavior.