Deck 13: Individuals with Visual Impairments

Question 1

A hereditary condition with partial or total absence of pigment in the eye.

A)glaucoma
B)optic nerve atrophy
C)albinism
D)cataracts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Teachers working with students who are visually impaired should practice each of the following EXCEPT

A)feel comfortable using vision words such as look,see,and watch
B)use the pupil's name when addressing a student
C)be fearful of touching a student who is visually impaired
D)encourage independence

Answer 2

C

Question 3

______ is a term that describes people who cannot see well even with correction.

A)Visual acuity
B)Functionally blind
C)Visual impairment
D)Field loss

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The colored,circular part of the eye in front of the lens that controls the size of the pupil.

A)cornea
B)iris
C)retina
D)macula

Question 5

A student's field loss is related to the

A)ability to perceive details.
B)ability to see materials presented closely.
C)amount of vision in quadrant regions.
D)ability to discriminate color.

Question 6

The amount of vision in the quadrant regions to the right,left,up,and down while gazing straight ahead.

A)visual field
B)visual acuity
C)field loss
D)legally blind

Question 7

Which is considered a difference between individuals labeled as being functionally blind and blind?

A)The use of light perception
B)The need for orientation and mobility training
C)The use of low vision to gain information from the environment
D)The use of Braille

Question 8

Light enters the eye first through the

A)retina.
B)iris.
C)cornea.
D)macula.

Question 9

The vitreous humor

A)the transparent outer portion of the eyeball that transmits light to the retina.
B)the inner layer of the eye containing light-sensitive cells that connect with the brain through the optic nerve
C)a colorless mass of soft,gelatin-like material that fills the eyball behind the lens
D)the area of best central vision located in the retina.

Question 10

Learning to hold a cereal box within one's field of vision to read the price would an example of using ______.

A)residual vision
B)field vision
C)reduction strategies
D)magnification

Question 11

Which visual acuity is considered to be legally blind?

A)20/200 or less in the better eye with correction
B)20/200 or more in the worse eye with correction
C)20/200 or less in the better eye without correction
D)20/100 or less in either eye with correction

Question 12

Myopia is a condition that occurs when

A)an eyeball is longer than normal from front to back allowing rays of light to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina
B)the eyeball is too short and the image focuses behind the retina
C)an individual is farsighted
D)one or more surfaces of the cornea or lens are cylindrical,not spherical

Question 13

The ability to visually distinguish details of near or distant objects refers to

A)visual field
B)visual acuity
C)field loss
D)legally blind

Question 14

The transparent outer portion of the eyeball that transmits light to the retina.

A)cornea
B)iris
C)lens
D)macula

Question 15

A restriction to the visual field within the quadrant regions to the right,left,up,and down while gazing straight ahead.

A)visual field
B)visual acuity
C)field loss
D)legally blind

Question 16

Factors that may place an infant,toddler,or child at risk for visual impairment include all EXCEPT

A)prematurity or low birth weight
B)congenital cataracts
C)difficult delivery resulting in low Apgar scores
D)normal pregnancy and delivery

Question 17

Instructional goals for most students with visual impairment include all of the following EXCEPT

A)communication skills
B)social competency
C)employability
D)medical needs

Question 18

If the cornea is damaged through trauma or disease,

A)the inner area of the eye may become infected which could result in permanent visual impairment.
B)the result may be a loss of visual acuity as well as a loss in the visual field.
C)the function of light control will be interrupted and the individual can become photophobic.
D)vascular growth has been interrupted by premature birth.

Question 19

The inner layer of the eye containing light-sensitive cells that connect with the brain through the optic nerve.

A)cornea
B)iris
C)retina
D)macula

Question 20

The area of best central vision located behind the retina.

A)vitreous humor
B)lens
C)pupil
D)macula

Question 21

Which type of Braille is used in many elevators?

A)Nemeth code
B)Grade 1
C)Grade 2
D)Grade 3

Question 22

Orientation and mobility training is required to

A)teach independent travel.
B)increase one's knowledge of visual impairments.
C)acquire academic skills.
D)use computer technology.

Question 23

Additional skills required by students with visual impairments are incorporated in the

A)advanced core curriculum.
B)functional curriculum.
C)expanded core curriculum.
D)adapted skills paradigm.

Question 24

Someone for whom sunlight may cause discomfort may have

A)optic atrophy.
B)retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
C)myopia.
D)ocular albinism.

Question 25

Which is not a part of a low-vision plan?

A)Annual fiscal budget for assistive technology
B)Prescription for low-vision devices
C)Technology devices
D)Referrals to community agencies

Question 26

Early residential schools for the blind in the United States were proposed by

A)Louis Braille.
B)Samuel Gridley Howe.
C)Carl Perkins.
D)Diderot.

Question 27

Who conducts the functional vision evaluation?

A)A vision specialist
B)A physician
C)An orientation and mobility specialist
D)An educational team

Question 28

Which is not considered a typical characteristic of individuals with visual impairments?

A)Unusual head or eye movements
B)Poor grades
C)Cognitive disability
D)Frequent headaches

Question 29

Which would likely not be a test accommodation for a student with a visual impairment?

A)Braille
B)Oral reading of the text to the student
C)Large print
D)Paraphrasing of testing materials

Question 30

One of the behavior characteristics in vision function problems is

A)frequent eye pain.
B)delay in the development of speech.
C)increased interaction with peers.
D)decrease in spontaneous verbal comments.

Question 31

The IEP team is responsible for determining

A)a student's access to community services.
B)accommodations for statewide assessments.
C)a student's level of visual acuity.
D)a student's visual field.

Question 32

Prior to age 3,services for children with visual impairments are provided according to the

A)IEP.
B)low-vision plan.
C)IFSP.
D)IDEA.

Question 33

Braille was first developed as a means to

A)record Morse code communications.
B)write social communications to peers.
C)teach academics to school children with vision loss.
D)catalog books in early institutions for the blind.

Question 34

In the eye,color is defined in the

A)rod cells.
B)cone cells.
C)macula.
D)vitreous body.

Question 35

What percentage of students with disabilities do students with visual impairments account for?

A)10%
B)5%
C)2%
D)0.4%

Question 36

Which of the following is most critical to the quality of literacy experiences for students with visual impairments?

A)Access to technology
B)Access to special classes
C)Access to general education peers
D)Access to the most recent books

Question 37

Why should Braille be addressed in the IEP?

A)To make sure that parents consent to its use
B)To ensure that schools will have to pay for print materials
C)To ensure ongoing consideration as a reading medium
D)To demonstrate to teachers how Braille can be used

Question 38

The sclera refers to the

A)inner layer of the eye.
B)colorless mass that fills the eyeball.
C)white part of the eye.
D)transparent disc behind the pupil.

Question 39

Socially appropriate behaviors must be taught to persons with visual impairments because they

A)may not be able to observe those behaviors in others.
B)often have cognitive disabilities.
C)are frustrated with their visual impairment.
D)may not be aware of differences between themselves and their peers.

Question 40

All of the following describe types of vision impairments recognized by IDEA except this:

A)Snellen chart reduction
B)Reduction in visual acuity
C)Field loss
D)Restriction to the visual field

Question 41

What is the disorder in which one or more surfaces of the cornea are shaped like a football?

A)Cataracts
B)Albinism
C)Astigmatism
D)Nearsightedness

Question 42

The colored,circular part of the eye in front of the lens that controls the size of the pupil is the ______.

A)cornea
B)iris
C)lens
D)vitreous humor

Question 43

The visual acuity test most often used is called the

A)Snellen chart.
B)Stalin chart.
C)visual IQ test.
D)visual efficiency exam.

Question 44

A Snellen chart is used to make the determination that someone is ______.

A)colorblind
B)legally blind
C)experiencing a field loss
D)able to use Braille

Question 45

All of the following are examples of adaptive software listed in the text except this:

A)Screen enlargement software
B)Screen readers
C)Speech recognition
D)Braille input devices

Question 46

______ are lenses that become opaque or cloudy.

A)Retinas
B)Cataracts
C)Maculas
D)Corneas

Question 47

A hereditary condition involving gradual degeneration of the retina is

A)retinitis pigmentosa.
B)cataracts.
C)glaucoma.
D)macular degeneration.

Question 48

In which year was the first residential school for the blind opened in the United States?

A)1784
B)1831
C)1829
D)1832

Question 49

______ created the first school for children with vision loss.

A)Denis Diderot
B)Valentin Haüy
C)Nicholas Saunderson
D)Helen Keller

Question 50

The ______ is a colorless mass of soft,gelatin-like material that fills the eyeball behind the lens.

A)cornea
B)iris
C)lens
D)vitreous humor

Question 51

What is the difference between Grade 1 and Grade 2 Braille?

A)Grade 1 Braille uses a letter-to-letter correspondence.
B)Grade 2 Braille uses a letter-to-letter correspondence.
C)Grade 1 Braille uses shorthand.
D)Grade 2 is used when a child has residual vision,as it contains pictures.

Question 52

All of the following are examples of age-appropriate cognitive skills that need to be integrated for and taught to young children with visual impairments except this:

A)Musical skills development
B)Fine motor skills development
C)Gross motor skills development
D)Receptive language development

Question 53

Training of ______ may require that students learn to use spectacles,magnifiers,and other assistive devices.

A)visual efficiency
B)visual acuity
C)Braille
D)mobility

Question 54

Visual efficiency refers to which of the following?

A)How to prevent additional sight loss
B)Training of the use of residual vision
C)Budgeting resources,appropriately,for the visually impaired
D)None of these

Question 55

______ was an early champion of the visually impaired who believed that persons who were blind could lead normal lives.

A)Diderot
B)Haüy
C)Paradis
D)Saunderson

Question 56

The middle layer of the eyeball containing veins and arteries best describes which part of the eye?

A)Conjunctiva
B)Cochlea
C)Cornea
D)Choroid

Question 57

An electronic Braille embosser that translates text from a Braille keyboard to a printer:

A)Trekker
B)Perkins Brailler
C)Mountbatten Brailler
D)Duxbury Braille Translator

Question 58

All of the following are cited in the text as potential hazards to eye health except this:

A)Misuse of toys
B)Falls involving furniture
C)Hazardous household materials
D)Watching too much television

Question 59

Braille symbols consist of ______ possible dots arranged in two columns.

A)four
B)six
C)eight
D)ten

Question 60

Which of the following is not part of "orientation and mobility"?

A)Where you are
B)Where you are going
C)Where you have been
D)How to get there

Question 61

PL 94-142 required school districts to identify and serve children with visual impairments in special schools separate from the local community.

Question 62

There are persistent shortages in trained personnel in the area of visual impairments.

Question 63

Visual impairments are one of the least prevalent disabilities.

Question 64

Hyperopia is also referred to as farsightedness.

Question 65

Braille is used as a literacy medium along with print and auditory input if the child has any residual vision.

Question 66

Several formal instruments are available to assess students with visual impairments in educational settings.

Question 67

Only a few children with visual impairment have concomitant developmental or physical disabilities.

Question 68

The term legally blind has been used as the federal definition of blindness.

Question 69

Equipment used for the "Daily Living and Self-Help" curriculum includes all except this:

A)Walkers
B)Automatic thermostats
C)Button switches
D)Lifts for swimming pools

Question 70

Visual impairment is one of the least prevalent disabilities.

Question 71

Dating for individuals with visual impairments is a typical concern for their families.

Question 72

Age-related needs that should be addressed by the IEP when designing a transition plan include

A)travel.
B)low-vision devices.
C)leisure activities.
D)all of these

Question 73

Adults with visual impairments are often isolated from their peers.

Question 74

Eye injuries are common and can range from a mild abrasion to retinal detachment,penetration of the eye,or actual rupture of the eyeball.

Question 75

Children are eligible for special education services according to the amount of vision loss and how that vision loss affects educational performance.

Question 76

Students with visual impairments often have other disabilities.

Question 77

Individuals are considered functionally blind when the primary channel of learning is through tactile or auditory means.

Question 78

Approximately 5,000 new teachers of the visually impaired graduate each year.

Question 79

A photophobic child will typically prefer to function in brighter settings.

Question 80

Educational assessments may be modified for accessibility in all the following ways except with

A)larger print.
B)Braille.
C)an oral presentation.
D)a video presentation.