Deck 33: Advanced Industrial Society

Question 1

To what degree were urban areas transformed by the Second Industrial Revolution? Give examples.

Answer 1

Answers would include a discuss of the increase in urbanization,the organization of labor,social reforms,issues with suffrage and the rise of the working class.

Question 2

Which of the following was true of early unionism?

A) All unions began as socialist organizations.
B) Marxist revolutionary socialists became leaders of the labor movement in all European countries.
C) American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.
D) By World War II, relations between unions and management had improved somewhat.
E) Employers generally accepted the inevitability of union development.

Answer 2

American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.

Question 3

How did Europeans respond to Marx?

Answer 3

Answers would include a discussion of anarchism,syndicalism,reforms,the Labour Party,Bismark,Eduard Bernstein,the Second International,and revisionism.

Question 4

Explain the essence of original Marxist Theory.

Question 5

The Second Industrial Revolution was mainly propelled by

A) coal and steam.
B) petroleum and electricity.
C) railroads.
D) mass production.
E) private-partnership arrangements.

Question 6

A most surprising change that took place during the Second Industrial Revolution was

A) German domination in research and development.
B) the American domination of the petroleum industry.
C) the growth of the automobile industry.
D) the entrance of France into competition with England and Germany.
E) the number of new discoveries that came out of the massive amounts of research being done.

Question 7

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to

A) the threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
B) the example set by unions and management in the United States.
C) the urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
D) those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions throughout Europe.
E) the Chartist movement in England.

Question 8

During the Second Industrial Revolution,the split between middle-class liberals and the workers occurred in part because

A) the liberals sought to improve both working conditions and the social aspect of society.
B) the workers moved in a revolutionary direction that frightened the liberals.
C) the conservatives continued to court the liberals, hoping to make a strong alliance against the workers.
D) the lives of working-class liberals improved so much that they no longer wanted to foment revolution.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 9

Labor unions were first legalized by this country in the 1870s:

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Portugal
E) the United States

Question 10

Joint stock companies of the late 19?? century brought about,most significantly,

A) labor participation in management.
B) separation of ownership and management.
C) short-term borrowing for expansion.
D) hospitalization insurance benefits.
E) a new need for business insurance.

Question 11

Most of the new voters at the end of the 19?? century were

A) women.
B) wealthy.
C) middle class men.
D) working class men.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 12

The most dramatic changes in European population during the 19?? century occurred in

A) suburbs.
B) urban areas.
C) coastal villages.
D) river valleys.
E) farming areas.

Question 13

The one thing that people seemed to fear most about unionization was that

A) ordinary working-class people would have more power than ever before, and most had little, if any, education.
B) Marxism had taken hold in several countries and were threatening to take control of labor unions.
C) the lower class working people would become convinced that they were the social equals of property holders and aristocrats.
D) they would come under communist domination.
E) union members would become violent if their demands were not met.

Question 14

In steel and iron production,the British lost their position of leadership and fell behind

A) Russia.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) the Dutch.
E) Belgium.

Question 15

One example of the rise in consumer goods in Europe during the late 1800s was

A) the telephone.
B) ready-made clothing.
C) the bicycle.
D) pipe smoking.
E) the phonograph.

Question 16

How did Europeans respond to the Second Industrial Revolution?

Question 17

Which of the following is true of European life during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A) Western European family size decreased.
B) There was a rise in the standard of living east into Russia.
C) Mortality rates were high.
D) All of the options are correct.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 18

Why and where did Europeans migrate at the end of the 19?? century and early 20?? century?

Question 19

Discuss the Second Industrial Revolution including key components,individuals,and nations.

Question 20

Of these late 19?? century developments,the one which most improved the daily lives of the average population was

A) the internal combustion engine.
B) the application of electrical power.
C) the steam locomotive.
D) the opening of the Suez Canal.
E) the transcontinental railroad in America.

Question 21

A complete rejection of the state and its powers is called

A) anarchism.
B) syndicalism.
C) communism.
D) socialism.
E) syncretism.

Question 22

According to Marx,the revolt of the proletariat was

A) avoidable if the wealthy would negotiate in good faith.
B) desirable, because only through their own efforts and struggles would the proletariat appreciate the fruits of their labors.
C) imminent, and it could start at any moment, in any country.
D) hopeless, but that did not mean that they could stop trying to make things better.
E) inevitable, and he expected that it might well occur while he was alive.

Question 23

The most famous pamphlet of the 19?? century was the ____________________.

Question 24

Syndicalists believed that

A) small groups, or syndicates, of wealthy people controlled the economic life of their individual countries.
B) the best government was the one that governed the least and passed the fewest laws.
C) people should not be ruled by any government at all, because all governments eventually become corrupt.
D) private property should be outlawed.
E) only peasants and owners should comprise a country's government, because they were the only ones making a significant contribution to society.

Question 25

All of the following were likely to migrate EXCEPT

A) small farmers.
B) the impoverished.
C) skilled craftsmen.
D) the educated.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 26

During the mid-1800s,Michael Bakunin developed what he called the "propaganda of the deed," which held that

A) workers, if necessary, should be willing to do whatever it took to obtain concessions from factory owners.
B) the best and quickest way to draw people to anarchism was to provide a violent, dramatic act or acts to cause governments to tumble.
C) governments always used propaganda to get ordinary citizens to perform the less desirable deeds, or jobs, within a society.
D) deeds of political terror were acceptable, as long as they were not used for purposes of propaganda.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 27

During the ten-year period just prior to World War I,about how many people emigrated from Europe to other countries?

A) 6 million
B) 20 million
C) 500,000
D) 12 million
E) 1 million

Question 28

Edward Bernstein was one of the earliest theorists to predict

A) the Social Democratic party in Germany would take control of the government legally.
B) Marx would revise his theories before he died.
C) all countries would soon become Socialist states.
D) capitalism would prevail in most European countries.
E) the Social Democratic party would be outlawed throughout Europe.

Question 29

The event that set off the massive immigration to the United States from Europe was

A) the Franco-Prussian War.
B) the Napoleonic War.
C) the Panic of 1857.
D) the revolts of 1848.
E) the establishment of the German Empire.

Question 30

The large amounts of capital needed for business expansion during the Second Industrial Age were effectively raised by ____________________ companies.

Question 31

Most migrants went to

A) Canada.
B) South Africa.
C) Siberia.
D) Argentina.
E) The United States.

Question 32

During the early 1900s,revisionists attempted to

A) turn back the clock to a time before industrialization occurred.
B) introduce reforms through parliamentary acts rather than revolution.
C) re-write the story of the development of Marxism.
D) undermine the teachings of Karl Marx through censorship.
E) convince urban laborers that Marxism was their only hope.

Question 33

At the beginning of the 20?? century,the Labour Party became an important force in

A) the United States.
B) Britain.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) Germany.

Question 34

Which of the following would have been said by a follower of Karl Marx?

A) "Capitalists will naturally strive to keep their workers happy."
B) "Anarchy is the only solution to Europe's political problems."
C) "The plight of working class will cause a revolution."
D) "Only communists can guarantee Europe peace."
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 35

____________________ became the global leader in the search for sources of oil and of its production.

Question 36

Marx predicted that the abuses of capitalism would lead to

A) anarchism.
B) communism.
C) a new caste system.
D) a rejection of industrialization.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 37

The underlying motives of the majority of the 60 million Europeans who emigrated during the 19?? century appear to have been

A) economic.
B) political.
C) religious.
D) ethnic.
E) legal.

Question 38

The main reason for the overall failure of the 1848 revolts was

A) the use of the military to crush the revolts.
B) the disapproval of church authorities.
C) the unconcern of many people living in the countryside.
D) national antagonisms.
E) the split between liberal leaders and urban workers.

Question 39

The German engineers,____________________ and ____________________,are credited with the practical development of the automobile.

Question 40

The thing that socialists throughout Europe shared by the end of the 19?? century was

A) the push for unionization.
B) an attempt to force businesses to share profits with their workers.
C) their demand for social and economic changes that would restructure the existing social-economic sphere.
D) a hatred of all communists.
E) the desire to see children removed from the workforce.

Question 41

The development of ____________________ and ____________________ finally made electricity useful.

Question 42

Incredibly,Germany's ____________________ and ____________________ production was almost double that of Britain by 1914.

Question 43

Anarchism is basically a total rejection of ____________________.

Question 44

Marx insisted that his brand of socialism differed from utopian socialism in that it was ____________________.

Question 45

The Chartist movement in ____________________ failed in the short term but saw their goals realized over time.

Question 46

According to Marx,once the proletariat obtained political power,a(n)____________________ would need to be established.