Deck 34: Europe: New Ideas and New Nations

Question 1

One belief among all conservatives of the 19?? century was the need for

A) governmental reform.
B) separation of church and state.
C) less government interference in business affairs.
D) continued class-based distinctions.
E) an official religion.

Answer 1

an official religion.

Question 2

Rome became Italy's capital due to the

A) entrance of Sardinia into the country.
B) French-Piedmont alliance.
C) forfeiture of Lombardy to France by Austria.
D) fact that Garibaldi succeeded Cavour and demanded that the French should turn oversight of the papal lands to the state.
E) fact that the Franco-Prussian War forced Napoleon III to return to France and leave Piedmont unprotected.

Answer 2

fact that the Franco-Prussian War forced Napoleon III to return to France and leave Piedmont unprotected.

Question 3

Discuss the debates between liberalism and conservatism and their impact on politics and economics.

Answer 3

Answers would include a discussion of Adam Smith,free enterprise,Manchester liberalism,moderate conservatism,reactionary conservatism,England,Russia,Prussia,Austria and issues with the church and politics.

Question 4

What socialist ideas predated Karl Marx and who were the key thinkers?

Question 5

Discuss the revolts of 1848 including factors that led to the revolts and the impact on various European nations.

Question 6

How did the events of the 1830s-1840s affect European society?

Question 7

The concept of laissez faire in government would translate as

A) every man for himself.
B) an associative community.
C) liberty and equality.
D) the less government the better.
E) free trade.

Question 8

Napoleon III began to liberalize his imperial regime because of

A) foreign policy failures.
B) hostility from socialists.
C) comparatively high taxation.
D) his alliance with Austria.
E) threats to overthrow him.

Question 9

During the reign of Nicholas I,Russia gained the unofficial title,the "Gendarme of Europe," because

A) no other country would take the responsibility of helping keep the peace.
B) he believed that God had given Russia the responsibility of keeping the peace.
C) Nicholas was ready to send the Russian military anywhere to stop liberal movements.
D) Nicholas was able to quell a major revolutionary attempt in his own country by the Decembrists.
E) Nicholas, a strong reactionary, loaned his troops out to several countries facing revolutions.

Question 10

One of the most negative aspects of 19?? century nationalism was the development of

A) global animosities.
B) propaganda.
C) indifference to international affairs.
D) mercantilism.
E) feelings of cultural superiority.

Question 11

Otto von Bismarck's greatest desire was to

A) become part of a country that would consist of Austria, Germany, and Hungary.
B) see Kaiser William I, whom he despised, removed as leader of Germany.
C) create a German state that would exclude the Austrians but would take most of their territory.
D) provoke Austria into going to war against the Germans.
E) unify all of the Germans under one government, headquartered in Berlin.

Question 12

The goals laid out by the early socialist thinkers would most accurately be described as

A) ambitious.
B) idealistic.
C) unnatural.
D) impossible.
E) unreasonable.

Question 13

In the early 1870s,the majority of Frenchmen were actually

A) Bonapartists.
B) Socialists.
C) Republicans.
D) monarchists.
E) anarchists.

Question 14

About the only thing that Napoleon III accomplished for France was to

A) lessen his government's authoritarianism.
B) set the country on the course to industrial development.
C) get the country out of a war with Mexico.
D) maintain a close alliance with the Catholic church.
E) help the French people come to see the importance of the capital city, Paris.

Question 15

After Alexander II freed Russia's serfs,they generally

A) moved to other parts of the country to forget the bad memories of their former lives.
B) were able to overcome their past fears and superstitions within a generation or two.
C) received a small plot of decent farmland from the estates on which they had served.
D) fared worse than they had under serfdom, with many new laws and restrictions.
E) left the countryside to work in unsafe, unsanitary urban factories.

Question 16

The first real failure of the international system established by the Vienna Treaty was the

A) Franco-Prussian War.
B) Crimean War.
C) Austro-Prussian War.
D) Franco-Austrian War.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 17

Compare and contrast the political developments in France,Italy,Germany,Austria and Russia.

Question 18

Using the works of various theorists,Manchester Liberals advanced the idea that

A) the more workers were paid, the greater their productivity would be.
B) poor relief would pay dividends to factory owners.
C) government legislation could relieve many social problems.
D) the poor were doomed to stay poor through their own fault.
E) relief for the poor was an obligation of the rich.

Question 19

In which areas can we speak of there being a "dual revolution" in the 19??-20?? centuries?

A) Politics and religion.
B) Arts and sciences.
C) Economics and religion.
D) Politics and economics.
E) Science and religion.

Question 20

Discuss the industrialization of the United States and how that nation emerges as a modern nation state.

Question 21

One significant aspect of the modern nation-state is

A) the development of independent thought and action among individuals.
B) the need for close ties between church and state.
C) the subordination of the individual to mass politics.
D) an increase in social welfare spending.
E) a greater tolerance for members of opposing groups.

Question 22

One of the few things that the French agreed on late in the 19?? century was

A) that they hated all Germans.
B) the need to reclaim Alsace and Lorraine.
C) that Marxism was wrong for France.
D) the ineffectiveness of the Third Republic.
E) the need for a strong presidency.

Question 23

Garibaldi's army of One Thousand Volunteers succeeded in 1861 in grafting ____________________ into the Italian Kingdom.

Question 24

Which statement best describes Italy during and shortly after unification?

A) The last area to be incorporated into Italy was Sicily.
B) Its "national culture" was not truly national, since most of the wealth, education, and power resided in the North.
C) Italian industrialization was concentrated in the central part of the peninsula.
D) In its early days, Italy's highest average income was in the agricultural south.
E) In its early days, Italy's poorest city was Turin.

Question 25

Italian industrialization was controlled by the

A) North.
B) Church.
C) South.
D) Mafia.
E) Alpine states.

Question 26

The main problem with the Dual Monarchy in Austria-Hungary was that

A) the government was too liberal for the people's tastes.
B) it consisted not of two ethnic groups, but of many, most of whom did not get along well.
C) the Hungarians seized control of the government and did not consider the wishes of other groups.
D) the Austro-Germans rankled under the yoke of the dominant Hungarians.
E) Catholics living within the monarchy felt threatened by the dominance of the Protestant majority.

Question 27

The modern nation-state actually took on the familiar form we know today during the

A) First Industrial Revolution.
B) American Revolution.
C) Second Industrial Revolution.
D) early years following the French Revolution.
E) French Revolution.

Question 28

Those who benefited most from the July Monarchy were

A) artisans.
B) the poor.
C) the well off.
D) Catholic priests.
E) parliamentarians.

Question 29

Unlike the situation with business in Britain and on the European continent,that in America saw

A) strong worker-management antagonism.
B) limited horizons and much exploitation.
C) comparative freedom from government and public opinion.
D) overdependence upon slave labor.
E) early protections for child laborers.

Question 30

Cavour,in 1859,managed to drive Austria out of Lombardy with the aid of ____________________.

Question 31

The Paris Commune was

A) an imaginative attempt to introduce democracy though popular vote.
B) an uprising against the imperial government of France that had lost the Franco-Prussian war of 1870.
C) a kind of new religion prompted by anti-Christian radicals.
D) a group of Parisian artists who gathered to support each other in perfecting their craft.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 32

The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71)was provoked by

A) German seizure of the French land known as Alsace.
B) the ill-conceived plan of Napoleon III to seize German lands west of the Rhine River.
C) France's decision to aid Austria in the Austro-German War.
D) the southern German states' desire to become part of a Greater Germany.
E) Bismarck's manipulation of the French, which led them to become the aggressors.

Question 33

Classical economic liberalism proved very popular among the cotton mill owners of the city of ____________________,for which it was named.

Question 34

The original center of American industry was

A) New York.
B) New Jersey.
C) New England.
D) Pennsylvania.
E) the mid-Atlantic states.

Question 35

Which of the following made American industrial towns different than European ones?

A) Unsafe and unsanitary working conditions.
B) Democracy and social mobility.
C) Hereditary privilege.
D) More expensive land.
E) Less railroad networks.

Question 36

Britain avoided revolution in the early 19?? century largely because of

A) Austria's assistance.
B) military repression.
C) radical reform.
D) Parliamentary improvements.
E) its strong monarchy.

Question 37

The father of Italian unification,Camilli Cavour,strongly favored the concept of

A) individualism.
B) conservatism.
C) realpolotik.
D) religious unity.
E) social change.

Question 38

All of the following contributed to the development of industrialization in the United States EXCEPT

A) a large pool of immigrant labor.
B) following closely behind England in industrializing.
C) a shortage of risk capital.
D) abundant natural resources.
E) individuals willing, even eager, to take risks in business.

Question 39

The outstanding European statesman of the 19?? century was

A) Nicholas I.
B) William I.
C) Bismarck.
D) Garibaldi.
E) Alexander II.

Question 40

The ____________________ of 1871 was the first attempt at socialist revolution.

Question 41

The ____________________ of ____________________ took powers away from the British landowning aristocracy and benefited the urban middle classes.

Question 42

William I's chancellor,____________________ was the outstanding statesman of the 19?? century.

Question 43

In 1861,____________________ freed the serfs in Russia.

Question 44

The socialistic-experimental textile mill of New Lanark was the brainchild of the reformer ____________________.

Question 45

The compromise arrangement that formed the ____________________ was called the Ausgleich of 1867.

Question 46

The Italian people regard ____________________ as the greatest hero in their struggle for self-rule.