Deck 35: The Islamic World, 1600-1917

Question 1

The first Islamic state to attempt modernizing were the

A) Safavids
B) Ottomans
C) Mughals
D) Qajars
E) None of the options are correct.

Answer 1

Ottomans

Question 2

India had believers of which of the following religions under Aurangzeb?

A) Zoroastrianism
B) Islam
C) Jainism
D) Christianity
E) All of the options are correct.

Answer 2

Islam

Question 3

It is most accurate to say that the Safavids were

A) tribal in nature.
B) the most successful of the empires.
C) very successful in expanding their empire.
D) the creators of a highly successful bureaucracy.
E) successors to the Qahars.

Answer 3

tribal in nature.

Question 4

Discuss the role of Europe in the Islamic empires.

Question 5

Which Islamic leader best handled the challenge from the west?

Question 6

One of the most destructive forces on the Ottoman Empire was the sultan's decision to

A) send his sons abroad to further their educations.
B) keep the Janissaries from having families.
C) have their sons raised in the harem rather than with the military.
D) adopt Western technology.
E) stop competing with Europe for markets.

Question 7

Which of the following was not a Muslim response to outside pressures in the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A) Arab nationalism
B) open warfare
C) grudging acceptance
D) accommodation
E) Islamic fundamentalism

Question 8

Evaluate the strengths and the weaknesses of the Ottoman Empire as it existed in the 1700s and 1800s.Analyze the factors that led to the empire's decline and eventual destruction.

Question 9

Which statement below describes the situation in the major Muslim countries by the 1880s?

A) Britain controlled India and Persia.
B) The Ottomans were still maintaining a precarious hold on North Africa.
C) The Anglo-Ottoman Alliance held Egypt.
D) The Ottomans controlled only some portions of the Middle East.
E) The Ottomans had been soundly defeated by the French in Europe, and the French also controlled North Africa.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Europeans when they first arrived in India?

A) Very intrusive
B) Instigators
C) Missionaries primarily
D) Insignificant
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 11

Elaborate on the nature of decline for all three empires.

Question 12

What were the social and intellectual responses to the west?

Question 13

Dar al-Harb is the Arabic word for

A) the community of God.
B) religious warriors.
C) merchants.
D) teaching of the imams.
E) unbelievers.

Question 14

The Ottoman Empire had one attribute that was very unusual compared to other Muslim areas at the time,before a reaction to that characteristic set in.That was its

A) military equipment.
B) leadership.
C) cultural development.
D) religious toleration.
E) religious over secular education.

Question 15

The term "Sick Man of Europe" applied to

A) Safavid Persia.
B) Habsburg Austria.
C) Ottoman Turkey.
D) Romanov Russia.
E) Elizabethan England.

Question 16

From the 1600s onward,the Ottomans responded to technological change by

A) adopting all technology they could.
B) ignoring it as much as possible.
C) demanding change in their own country.
D) turning away from their military background.
E) adopting Western scientific methods.

Question 17

The driving force behind the expansion of Islam up to the 18?? century was

A) the belief in Muslim superiority.
B) the need for markets among true believers.
C) the belief that spreading the faith and establishing God's earthly kingdom was a tenet of the faith.
D) the desire to stamp out Christianity.
E) the desire for Western technology.

Question 18

Which of the following began as a strength but later became a weakness Ottoman Empire?

A) the arts and literature
B) architecture
C) religious tolerance even for unbelievers
D) an international language
E) change in the rights of the janissaries

Question 19

Islam's decline as a driving force throughout the world in the last 1800s occurred mainly because

A) most ordinary Muslims feared contamination by the West.
B) Ottoman sultans formed a pact and refused to let their people become educated.
C) the Muslim world rejected, for the most part, Western science and education.
D) Islam became so fundamentalist that converting people to the faith had become problematic.
E) Ottoman sultans were distracted at home by subjects who were rebelling against the new religious extremism.

Question 20

Compare and contrast Islamic societies and their attempts at reform.

Question 21

Muhammad Ali Pasha's Egyptian reforms were modeled on what society?

A) French
B) British
C) American
D) German
E) Austrian

Question 22

Abdul Hamid is noted for having initiated an alignment between his empire and

A) Germany.
B) France.
C) Austria-Hungary.
D) Russia.
E) Britain.

Question 23

The concept of Pan-Arabism began to gain strength in the 19?? century,most often among Christians in

A) Egypt and Syria.
B) Sudan and Ethiopia.
C) Lebanon and Jordan.
D) Egypt and Lebanon.
E) Palestine and Egypt.

Question 24

The Majlis was which of the following?

A) The military organization of the Muhals.
B) The moral law of most Islamic societies.
C) The prime minister in the Ottoman empire.
D) The Safavid representative in Europe.
E) The Iranian National Assembly.

Question 25

In Iran,the most important crop to the British was which of the following?

A) Tobacco
B) Opium
C) Coffee
D) Tea
E) Cotton

Question 26

The Tanzimat would be an example of

A) Ottoman reforms.
B) Fundamental Islamic thinking.
C) Mughal religious policy.
D) Safavid political organization.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 27

Defeats and losses of territory that took place in the early part of the 1700s convinced the grand viziers and Ottoman sultans that their best course of action was to

A) welcome the Europeans, thereby paying lip service to the outsiders but managing to secure their faith from interference.
B) immediately raise a new army and try to attack the Europeans unexpectedly.
C) dramatically reform Ottoman society so as to be more acceptable to the "invaders."
D) build up and improve their military structure, but modernize as conservatively as possible.
E) carry out reforms by bringing in European teachers and curriculum.

Question 28

Military problems worsened for the Ottoman Empire after the ____________________ were allowed to settle down in one place and marry.

Question 29

The British in the Sudan had to overcome formidable opposition from

A) Mahdists.
B) Boers.
C) Zulus.
D) Bantu.
E) Hottentots.

Question 30

Beginning with Selim the Sot,sultans began to have major problems with their ____________________ and with ____________________ intrigues.

Question 31

A naval victory at ____________________ in 1571 gave the Habsburgs and their ____________________ allies the upper hand in the Mediterranean.

Question 32

Sultan Abdul Aziz would best be described as

A) a liberal reformer.
B) a conservative who wanted to move slowly toward modernization.
C) a reactionary who tried to stop the reform movement.
D) independent and out of touch with the majority will.
E) a nationalist who Westernization would encourage nationalism.

Question 33

In 1807,an uprising of the ulama and the janissaries

A) deposed Selim and temporarily set back reforms.
B) brought Mahmud II to power.
C) brought on the Tanzimat Reforms.
D) ended in the Rose Chamber Rescript.
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 34

In the early 1900s,leaders of the Pan-Arab movement went into hiding temporarily after being persecuted by the secret police of

A) Sultan Abdul Hamid.
B) Muhammad Abdul.
C) Jamal al-Din al-Afghani.
D) Ibn Abd al-Wahhab.
E) Shah Muzaffar.

Question 35

Wahhabism emerged as a form of Islam whose adherents believed that

A) Islam was destined to overcome all the assaults against it, and with all Muslims coming together as brothers.
B) the only acceptable model for Islam is the primitive Islamic community as it existed in Mecca during Muhammad's time.
C) Islam could only continue to exist if its followers adhered strictly to the Qur'an and the oral traditions concerning Muhammad.
D) every person outside Arabia must be either converted or killed.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 36

Fundamentalist Muslims believe that the main task of the civil government is to

A) punish infidels.
B) protect the believers from persecution.
C) denounce violence.
D) establish Allah's kingdom on earth with "enforcers of obedience".
E) provide support for Muslim religious schools.

Question 37

The leaders of Iran after the Safavid were known as the ____________________.

Question 38

The Salafi movement took its name from a word that meant

A) true believers.
B) traditionalists.
C) eternal searchers.
D) rebels.
E) pious ancestors.

Question 39

In more recent times,most Muslim ulama have

A) continued to ignore innovations.
B) spoken out against fundamentalism.
C) moved to integrate religious and civil affairs.
D) become more lenient.
E) advocated some degree of modernization.

Question 40

An important event took place in 1869 when

A) British businessmen first invested in Egypt.
B) Muhammad Ali came to power in Egypt.
C) the Suez Canal opened.
D) Egypt occupied the Sudan.
E) the Mahdist Rebellion began.

Question 41

Mahmud II did away with the ____________________ corps,banned ____________________ brotherhoods and seized funds from the ulama.

Question 42

Zealots following the admonitions of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab captured ____________________ and ____________________ in 1803.

Question 43

To impress the Europeans,Muhammad Ali enlisted ____________________ to compose ____________________ for the opening of the Suez Canal.

Question 44

As rector of the most renowned university in Egypt,____________________ encouraged moderate reforms and some new subjects for their education.

Question 45

Under Muhammad Ali Pasha,____________________ played a major role in Egypt's modernization.

Question 46

By the mid-1800s,Persia had for the most part been divided between ____________________ and ____________________.