Deck 19: Biotechnology

Question 1

In the production of transgenic plants, what selectable marker is most commonly used to indicate that a cell has taken up the T DNA that includes the cloned gene?

A) Ampicillin
B) Neomycin
C) Streptomycin
D) Kanamycin
E) All of the answers are used

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The first human diseases that was successfully treated using gene therapy was .

A) Diabetes
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Severe combined immunodeficiency disease
D) Muscular dystrophy
E) None of the answers are correct

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The first hormone to be made by recombinant bacteria was .

A) Insulin
B) Glucagons
C) Somatostatin
D) Testosterone
E) None of the answers are correct

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9-10 year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred?

A) The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the lab
B) Nonhomologous recombination
C) A mutation enhanced the rate of aging
D) Dolly was not a clone
E) The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shortening

Question 5

Bioremediation has been used to treat which of the following?

A) Oil spills
B) Sewage
C) Pesticides
D) Heavy metals
E) All of the answers have been successfully remediated

Question 6

The first organism ever cloned by researchers was Dolly the sheep in 1997.

Question 7

Why was the addition of methionine necessary during the production of somatostatin by recombinant bacteria?

A) So that it was compatible with the restriction enzyme
B) As a selectable marker
C) To allow the somatostatin to link to a bacterial protein
D) To increase the length of the peptide to make it more commercial
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 8

In the treatment of ADA deficiency and SCID, which cell type was targeted for gene therapy?

A) Fibroblasts
B) Embryonic stem cells
C) Hematopoietic stem cells
D) Lymphocytes
E) Neutrophils

Question 9

The origins of which of the following cell types creates the least amount of ethical debate?

A) EG cells
B) EC cells
C) Hematopoietic stem cells
D) ES cells
E) All of the answers are equal

Question 10

Using the NeoR/Tk system of introducing gene replacements into mice (as described in the text), which of the following gene combinations would identify those mouse cells that were the result of homologous recombination?

A) NeoR only
B) Tk only
C) NeoR and Tk
D) Neither NeoR or Tk

Question 11

The primary interest of genetic research into stem cells is the desire to be able to clone a human
being.

Question 12

Hematopoietic stem cells are .

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell?

A) embryonic stem cells
B) red blood cells
C) fetal heart cells
D) umbilical cord blood
E) nerve cells

Question 14

Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells?

A) Embryonic stem cells
B) Embryonic germ cells
C) Embryonic carcinoma cells
D) Hematopoietic stem cells
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 15

Which of the following cells is not pluripotent?

A) ES cells
B) EG cells
C) EC cells
D) All of the answers are pluripotent
E) None of the answers are pluripotent

Question 16

Cells that have undergone homologous recombination for gene replacement would have which of the following gene combinations?

A) Only the cloned gene
B) Only the original gene
C) Both the cloned and original gene
D) Neither the cloned or original gene

Question 17

Which of the following terms represents a cell that can form any other cell of the organism?

A) Pluripotent
B) Totipotent
C) Unipotent
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 18

Which of the following is not an advantage of a transgenic plant?

A) Widely accepted by the public
B) Increased resistance to disease and pests
C) Adaptability to harsh environments
D) Improved shelf life

Question 19

Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body.

Question 20

Which of the following can be used as a vector for gene therapy?

A) Liposomes
B) Parvoviruses
C) Adenoviruses
D) Retroviruses
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 21

The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic
organism is called electroporation.

Question 22

The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called
gene redundancy.

Question 23

In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.

Question 24

A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA integrated into its genome.

Question 25

An organism that can be regenerated by somatic cells is called multipotent.

Question 26

Identical twins are an example of gene cloning.

Question 27

The reduction of pollutants in the environment by microorganisms is called biodegradation.

Question 28

Lipid vesicles that are used to introduce DNA into a cell for gene therapy are called liposomes.

Question 29

An individual who contains cells that are mutated is called a chimera.

Question 30

Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic
agricultural animals such as cattle.

Question 31

The use of microorganisms or their products to alleviate plant disease is called biological control.