Deck 7: Genetic Transfer and Mapping in Bacteria and

Question 1

The strand of DNA that will be transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell is

A) single-stranded
B) double-stranded
C) triple-stranded
D) can be any of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The process of conjugation may introduce new genes into the recipient strain, altering its
genotype.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Represents a mechanism of genetic transfer in bacteria.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Utilizes a sex pilus to transfer the genetic material.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 5

When a bacteria assimilates genetic material (DNA) directly from the environment.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 6

Uses competent cells.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation

Question 7

Interrupted mating is defined as .

A) The inability of a bacteriophage to transfer genetic material
B) A mechanism of transformation
C) A process by which conjugation is stopped using a blender
D) A process of asexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 8

Can occur either as a lytic or lysogenic cycle.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 9

During conjugation, one strand of the F factor DNA remains in the donor cell and one strand is
transferred to the recipient cell.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding conjugation?

A) The bacteria must be in physical contact
B) Most bacterial species have the ability to conjugate
C) Strains called donor strains can transfer genetic information
D) Donor strains can convert non-donor strains into donor strains
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 11

A histidine, methionine auxotroph .

A) Can synthesis only histidine and methionine
B) Can only use histidine and methionine as nutrition sources
C) Cannot synthesize histidine and methionine
D) Is killed by histidine and methionine
E) Lacks proteins with histidine or methionine

Question 12

First observed by Lederberg and Zinder (1952) in Salmonella typhimurium.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 13

First observed by Lederberg and Tatum (1946) in Escherichia coli.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 14

The protein complex that initiates the process of conjugation following contact between two bacteria is called the .

A) Origin of transfer
B) T DNA
C) Relaxosome
D) Nucleoprotein

Question 15

The enzyme that allows the reforming of a circular plasmid following conjugation is called .

A) Relaxosome
B) Relaxase
C) F' factor
D) Nucleoprotein
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is correct concerning F factors?

A) Another term for a plasmid
B) It stands for fertility factor
C) It allows conjugation to occur
D) F+ bacteria act as donor strains in conjugation
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 17

Uses a bacteriophage as an intermediary for the genetic information.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 18

Utilizes a physical connection between two bacteria.

A) Transformation
B) Transduction
C) Conjugation
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 19

The site on a plasmid that is cut, producing a single strand of DNA, to allow conjugation to occur is called the .

A) Origin of transfer
B) Relaxase
C) Nucleoprotein
D) T DNA

Question 20

Which of the following is not true regarding bacterial genetics?

A) Bacteria are usually haploid organisms
B) Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually
C) The patterns of inheritance in bacteria may be studied using the same mechanisms as eukaryotic organisms
D) Bacteria transfer DNA between organisms by genetic transfer

Question 21

During conjugation, one gene (A) is found to transfer to the recipient bacteria 26 minutes following the start of conjugation, while a second gene (M) is found to transfer 37 minutes following the start
Of conjugation. A third gene (T) transfers 45 minutes following the start of conjugation. Based on this information, which of the following is true?

A) Genes A and M have a genetic distance of 11 minutes
B) Genes A and T have a genetic distance of 19 minutes
C) Genes M and t have a genetic distance of 8 minutes
D) The order of the genes is A M T
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 22

Small circular pieces of DNA that are not associated with the bacterial chromosome are called .

A) heteroduplex
B) plasmids
C) relaxosome

Question 23

Who was the first to discover the process of natural transformation?

A) Morgan
B) Sturtevant
C) Griffith
D) Avery

Question 24

What is the order of the genes in the above question?

A) abc
B) bac
C) acb

Question 25

What is the mazimum size of the

A) 10%-20%
B) 30%
C) .5%-1%
D) 1%-2.5%
E) coli chromosome capable of being carried by a P1 phage?

Question 26

Which does not require any recombination with the bacterial chromosome?

A) Conjugation
B) Transduction
C) Transformation

Question 27

The process of interrupted mating may be used to do which of the following?

A) Inhibit transduction
B) Generate loss of function alleles
C) Determine the relative position of bacterial genes
D) Alter the genotype of the donor cell

Question 28

Loss of function mutations are easier to study in organisms, such as bacteria.

A) haploid
B) diploid
C) triploid

Question 29

The use of bacteriophages to map bacterial genes is called .

A) Generalized transduction
B) Cotransduction
C) Transformation
D) Conjugation
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 30

During transformation, homologous recombination may occur if the sequence of the introduced DNA
has no similarity to the host DNA.
FALSE

Question 31

A structure called a allows the transfer of genetic information during conjugation.

A) F factor
B) plasmid
C) sex pilus
D) transformation bridge

Question 32

Which of the following is correct regarding a prophage?

A) It is used by virulent phages
B) It is used in the lytic cycle of viral replication
C) It does not directly enter into the cell being infected
D) It is copied along with the bacterial chromosome during replication
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 33

Which of the following is inhibited by DNAse?

A) Transformation
B) Conjugation
C) Transduction
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 34

Competence factors do which of the following?

A) Allow the formation of a sex pilus
B) Promote bacteriophages binding for transduction
C) Allow DNA in the environment to bind to the cell surface
D) Inhibit genetic transfer between donor and recipient cells

Question 35

Which of the following conditions must be correct for transformation to occur?

A) Temperature
B) Ionic conditions
C) Correct nutrient balance
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 36

Which of the following matings would have the highest frequency of chromosomal gene transfer?

A) F+ x F-
B) F' x F-
C) Hfr x F-

Question 37

The direct movement of DNA between two bacteria is called genetic transfer.

Question 38

The unit of genetic distance derived from bacterial conjugation studies are called .

A) Seconds
B) Map units
C) Centimorgans
D) Recombination units
E) Minutes

Question 39

A cell with an F factor integrated into the bacterial chromosome is called .

A) Hfr
B) F+
C) Conjugative plasmid

Question 40

Determine the distance between two genes with a cotransduction frequency of 0.68.

A) 0.68=(1 - d/2)3
B) d=.683 - 1
C) d=(1-.68)2

Question 41

Competent cells are those used in studies of conjugation.

Question 42

In specialized transduction, a bacteriophage may incorporate a random piece of bacterial chromosome
from one cell and transfer it to another cell.

Question 43

During homologous recombination, areas of mismatched DNA form structures called a heteroduplex.

Question 44

An episome is a segment of bacterial DNA that can exist as a plasmid or be integrated into the
bacterial chromosome.

Question 45

Acquired antibiotic resistance between two different species is an example of vertical gene
transfer.

Question 46

To localize a specific mutation to an area of a gene, a research geneticist would use a procedure called
deletion mapping.

Question 47

A minute is the basic unit of map distance in bacteria.

Question 48

Cotransduction establishes the general order of genes on a bacterial chromosome, while conjugation is
more specific and thus may be used to establish precise distances.

Question 49

Complementation experiments are used to determine if two observed mutations that are associated
with the same trait are actually in the same gene.

Question 50

Intragenic and fine structure mapping are used to map genes in viruses.

Question 51

Most biologists consider viruses to be living organisms, which are classified with the bacteria.

Question 52

The transfer of genetic material from two unrelated species is called .

A) Vertical gene transfer
B) Conjugation
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Binary fission
E) Horizontal gene transfer