Deck 8: The Psychoanalytic Perspective

Question 1

Wish fulfillment is a product of:

A) the primary process.
B) the ego.
C) reflex actions.
D) the superego.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to Freud, the__________is where the core operations of personality take place.

A) conscious
B) preconscious
C) unconscious
D) libido

Answer 2

unconscious

Question 3

According to Freud, the id operates by__________ , while the ego operates by ___________.

A) secondary process, primary process
B) primary process, secondary process
C) reality, secondary process
D) pleasure, primary process

Answer 3

primary process, secondary process

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the preconscious?

A) It encompasses all inherited, instinctive aspects of personality.
B) It is not directly accessible to awareness.
C) It is the repository for unacceptable feelings and urges.
D) It is the part of the mind representing ordinary memory.

Question 5

The functions of the superego include:

A) inhibiting id impulses.
B) compelling the ego to act morally.
C) guiding one toward absolute perfection.
D) all of the above

Question 6

The purpose of the ego is to ensure that:

A) tension is reduced immediately.
B) parental and societal values are followed.
C) instinctual drives are expressed appropriately.
D) all of the above

Question 7

According to Freud, unacceptable urges, feelings, and ideas reside in the:

A) conscious.
B) preconscious.
C) unconscious.
D) libido.

Question 8

According to research on delay of gratification in children, it is related to__________in boys and_________in girls.

A) ability to control emotional impulses, ability to concentrate
B) ability to concentrate, ability to control emotional impulses
C) ability to concentrate, intelligence
D) resourcefulness, intelligence

Question 9

This part of the mind is thought to have an "executive" role in personality.

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 10

According to Freud the mind consists of __________regions.

A) three
B) four
C) six
D) two

Question 11

Psychoanalytic theory is most strongly associated with the work of:

A) Helmholtz.
B) Freud.
C) Adler.
D) Cattell.

Question 12

Which of the following is not one of the three elements of Freud's structural model?

A) libido
B) unconscious
C) alter-ego
D) all of the above

Question 13

The idea that the purpose of life is the immediate satisfaction of one's needs is known as the:

A) pleasure principle.
B) reality principle.
C) gratification principle.
D) none of the above

Question 14

In Freud's "iceberg" analogy, the__________ represents the tip of the iceberg.

A) libido
B) conscious
C) unconscious
D) ego

Question 15

The superego is:

A) essentially unconcerned with morality.
B) the first structural component of the mind to develop.
C) the embodiment of parental and societal values.
D) a narcissistic personality disorder.

Question 16

A central theme underlying psychoanalysis is that personality:

A) is a set of processes always in motion.
B) processes always work together.
C) reflects the fact that humans are not like other animals.
D) all of the above

Question 17

The ego's attempt to find a match between the image of a tension-reducing object and a real perception of that object is known as:

A) primary process.
B) secondary process.
C) ego search.
D) none of the above

Question 18

The ability to effectively handle the demands of the id, the superego, and external reality is known as:

A) delaying gratification.
B) ego ideal.
C) ego strength.
D) sublimation.

Question 19

The process of absorbing societal/parental values is called:

A) sublimation.
B) introjection.
C) introspection.
D) projection.

Question 20

What components are included in Freud's topographical model of the mind?

A) conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
B) primary process and secondary process
C) id, ego, and superego
D) Thanatos and libido

Question 21

Optimism, trust, and dependency are associated with which psychosexual stage?

A) oral incorporative stage
B) oral sadistic stage
C) anal retentive stage
D) anal expulsive stage

Question 22

The shifting of energy from a socially unacceptable action to a socially acceptable action is known as:

A) displacement.
B) sublimation.
C) cathexis.
D) suppression.

Question 23

Puberty begins during which psychosexual stage?

A) genital stage
B) latency period
C) phallic stage
D) none of the above

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT true about people who score high in oral imagery?

A) They are reluctant to volunteer for interpersonal tasks.
B) They rely on others' judgments in ambiguous tasks.
C) They use more physical contact during social interactions.
D) They have greater physiological reactivity to social isolation.

Question 25

Among men, fixations that develop during the phallic stage may result in:

A) seducing as many women as possible.
B) career failure.
C) fathering many children.
D) all of the above

Question 26

The term Thanatos refers to:

A) sexual instincts.
B) life instincts.
C) death instincts.
D) pain avoidance instincts.

Question 27

Apoptosis refers to:

A) the reversing of an anticathexis.
B) displacement involving inanimate objects.
C) gene-directed suicide.
D) none of the above

Question 28

According to Freud, adult personality is primarily determined by:

A) experiences in adulthood.
B) experiences in childhood.
C) innate differences.
D) difficulties of self-worth.

Question 29

According to Freud, each sexual drive is associated with a:

A) particular forbidden behavior.
B) erogenous zone.
C) life instinct.
D) oral fixation.

Question 30

According to Freud, which defense mechanism reflects maturity?

A) sublimation
B) displacement
C) altruism
D) anticathexis

Question 31

Orality is thought to be related to:

A) less self-disclosure.
B) need to nurture others.
C) reluctance to volunteer for interpersonal tasks.
D) all of the above

Question 32

Permanently investing an excessive amount of libido in a particular stage of psychosexual development is called:

A) regression.
B) repression.
C) fixation.
D) retroaction.

Question 33

The release of emotional tension is known as:

A) displacement.
B) catharsis.
C) sublimation.
D) introjection.

Question 34

According to Freud, the best personality is one that is dominated by the:

A) ego.
B) id.
C) super-ego.
D) none of the above

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of displacement?

A) A person who fails an exam yells at a roommate upon arriving at home.
B) A person diagnosed with cancer refuses to believe the diagnosis.
C) A person with aggressive sexual fantasies volunteers at a rape crisis center.
D) A person who cheated on an exam justifies it by saying that everyone else cheats.

Question 36

The process of preventing an idea or impulse from becoming conscious is known as:

A) catharsis.
B) repression.
C) cathexis.
D) displacement.

Question 37

Which defense mechanism works by ascribing one's own undesirable qualities to others?

A) denial.
B) projection.
C) sublimation.
D) rationalization.

Question 38

The desire on the part of boys to possess their mothers and replace their fathers is termed:

A) Oedipal displacement.
B) repressive sublimation.
C) the Electra complex.
D) the Oedipus complex.

Question 39

The latency period is characterized by:

A) a period of relative calm.
B) narcissistic sexual attachments.
C) battles over toilet training.
D) none of the above

Question 40

Freud used the term__________ to refer to the psychic energy of the life instincts.

A) libido
B) hedonistic power
C) Thanatos
D) none of the above

Question 41

Resistance:

A) can occur both consciously and unconsciously.
B) is the struggle against becoming aware of repressed impulses.
C) is often a sign that a person is close to revealing something important.
D) all of the above

Question 42

When analyzing the Rorschach, examiners are concerned with all of the following aspects of response EXCEPT:

A) location.
B) length.
C) determinants.
D) content.

Question 43

Freud viewed human behavior as highly symbolic.

Question 44

Which of the following statements may be made about psychoanalytic therapy?

A) It is brief and applicable to all types of psychological dysfunction.
B) Freud was exceptionally optimistic about its use.
C) Eysenck proved it was more effective than no therapy at all.
D) It is difficult to establish its efficacy because of the subjective nature of its goals.

Question 45

Elements in the preconscious can be brought to awareness easily.

Question 46

According to psychoanalytic therapy,__________ is a set of displacements.

A) reaction formation
B) behavior change
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 47

All projective tests:

A) involve stimuli for which there are no prescribed ways to respond.
B) involve the construction of stories.
C) require the choice of a preferred stimulus.
D) rely on objective scoring methods.

Question 48

Successful negotiation of the genital stage is marked by:

A) guilt-free autoeroticism.
B) the ability to use one's own narcissism in a constructive way.
C) the ability to share with others, and to be concerned with their welfare.
D) none of the above

Question 49

A central theme of psychoanalysis is that personality is multiple processes that are always in motion.

Question 50

The ego exists in a world of its own, with no rules beyond the pleasure principle.

Question 51

According to Freud's "iceberg" metaphor, the unconscious is the tip of the iceberg. techniques.

Question 52

The id operates according to the reality principle.

Question 53

Freud believed that latent dream content derives from:

A) nocturnal sensory stimulation.
B) current concerns of waking life.
C) repressed id impulses.
D) all of the above

Question 54

In Freud's view, unconscious material emerges through free association in a:

A) literal form.
B) symbolic form.
C) repressed form.
D) sexual form.

Question 55

One function of the ego is to delay discharge of the id's tension.

Question 56

Freud felt that the unconscious mind was also responsible for ordinary memory.

Question 57

Mental errors that reflect unconscious desires are called:

A) concealers.
B) parapraxes.
C) displacers.
D) anapraxes.

Question 58

Freud's structural model posits four aspects of personality.

Question 59

Many found Freud's emphasis on sexuality shocking at the time of his writings.

Question 60

Freud is considered the father of personality psychology because his theory is more accurate than other perspectives.

Question 61

According to Freud, the healthiest personality is one in which the ego is stronger than either id or superego.

Question 62

Freud felt that sublimation reflects a lack of maturity.

Question 63

A drive has two interrelated elements: a biological need and its psychological representation.

Question 64

Orality is associated with a greater degree of self-disclosure.

Question 65

Intellectualization allows one to think about threatening things without the feelings hat would normally be associated them.

Question 66

The ego operates at all three levels of consciousness, while the superego operates at the preconscious and unconscious levels.

Question 67

Kicking one's dog because one is angry at a romantic partner would be an example of projection.

Question 68

The shift from a socially unacceptable to a socially acceptable form of action is known as sublimation.

Question 69

The concept of catharsis suggests that once a person aggresses he or she should be more likely to aggress again in the near future.

Question 70

Repression is the central defense mechanism in Freud's theory.

Question 71

In the psychoanalytic view, conflicts between the id, ego, and superego are an intrinsic part of life.

Question 72

Freud's idea of Thanatos, or a death instinct, is echoed by the concept of apoptosis in biology.

Question 73

The ego is described as having a subordinate role in Freud's structural model.

Question 74

People characterized by a lot of oral imagery are somewhat reluctant to volunteer for interpersonal tasks.

Question 75

According to Freud's "hydraulic model," trying to prevent a drive from being expressed weakens that drive.

Question 76

Neurotic anxiety arises from a real danger in the world.

Question 77

Actual retaliation produces a cathartic effect but symbolic retaliation does not

Question 78

Denial deals with threats from within whereas repression deals with threats from without.

Question 79

The ego ideal is the aspect of the superego that punishes bad behavior.

Question 80

Reality anxiety reflects a fear that unconscious id impulses will get out of control and result in punishment.