Deck 3: Cultural Understanding of Emotions

Question 1

East Asians are guided in their knowledge and thought by all but which one of the following principles?

A) comparison
B) change
C) covariation
D) context

Answer 1

comparison

Question 2

Cultural display rules can lead people to:

A) entirely camouflage an emotional experience by feigning a neutral facial expression.
B) intensify their emotional expression.
C) express emotions in public that differ from spontaneous emotional expressions made in private.
D) all of the above.

Answer 2

all of the above.

Question 3

A cultural approach to emotions:

A) focuses on the "potential" for emotions as opposed to the "practice" of emotions.
B) emphasizes universality as opposed to specificity.
C) assumes that emotions derive from human meanings.
D) all of the above are consistent with a cultural approach to emotions.

Answer 3

assumes that emotions derive from human meanings.

Question 4

Stearns and Haggarty (1991) used the historical method to learn about emotions. Their work revealed that during the period 1850 to 1950, American child-rearing manuals encouraged parents to:

A) arouse fear in their children so that their children become cautious adults.
B) avoid arousing fear in their children.
C) arouse fear in their daughters and arouse anger in their boys.
D) arouse happiness in their daughters and arouse neutrality in their boys.

Question 5

An ethnographic study of emotions:

A) relies on experimental designs and operates in a controlled laboratory setting.
B) examines the words that people use to label their emotions as opposed to investigating more complex acts of communication.
C) focuses on the study of discourse.
D) looks at how different cultures use technology.

Question 6

Culture is:

A) a system of ideas that are held in common in a particular society.
B) a set of practices that are held in common in a particular society.
C) a group of people who live in a particular place at a particular time.
D) both a & b

Question 7

The emotion amae is:

A) an emotion associated with autonomy and independence.
B) easily translated to English as sincerity.
C) a familial emotion as well as an emotion that might be felt by the partners in a romantic relationship.
D) an affiliation emotion.

Question 8

Compared to individuals with interdependent self-construals, individuals with independent self-construals:

A) experience more intense felt emotions.
B) more often define themselves based on their personal preferences.
C) assume that internal factors (e.g., their disposition) vary across time and context.
D) all of the above are true of individuals with independent self-construals.

Question 9

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Romantic scholar who felt that emotions:

A) are valuable.
B) are obsolete.
C) are immoral.
D) are a threat to social stability.

Question 10

Compared to individuals with independent self-construals, individuals with interdependent self-construals:

A) experience more intense felt emotions.
B) more often define themselves based on their personal preferences.
C) assume that internal factors (e.g., their disposition) vary across time and context.
D) all of the above are true of individuals with interdependent self-construals.

Question 11

Which one of the following is not a cultural approach to studying emotions?

A) self-construal approach
B) values approach
C) epistemological approach
D) historical approach

Question 12

Kitayama,Mesquita,&Karasawa (2006) asked Japanese and American college students to report in a diary, over 14 days, their most intense emotional episode each day, and to say what emotions they felt during that episode. The results of this study showed that:

A) Japanese students reported a greater number of positive emotions than did the American students.
B) Japanese students reported more intense experiences of positive, socially engaging emotions whereas American students reported more intense experiences of negative socially engaging emotions.
C) Japanese students reported more intense experiences of positive, socially engaging emotions whereas American students reported more intense experiences of positive, socially disengaging emotions.
D) Japanese students reported a greater number of negative emotions than did the American students.

Question 13

A dog barks, causing a child to cry out in fear. An upbeat song plays on the radio, causing a listener to smile and feel happiness. In these cases the dog and the upbeat song are:

A) elicitors
B) implicit stimuli
C) random factors
D) mundane events

Question 14

A cultural approach to emotions:

A) assumes that emotions derive from human meanings.
B) focuses on the "practice" rather than the "potential" for emotions.
C) emphasizes specificity as opposed to universality.
D) all of the above are consistent with a cultural approach to emotions.

Question 15

Experience sampling studies have found that:

A) Students who completed laboratory experiments were more likely to be biased by an experimenter's tone of voice when they identified with highly empathetic cultures.
B) When beeped electronically and asked to report on their current emotions, students from Eastern cultures report more complex emotional experiences than Western students.
C) fMRI data reveal greater levels of activation in the brains of Eastern students who are viewing landscape paintings than in the brains of Western students viewing a comparable set of stimuli.
D) Students who received a painful injection as part of a fear induction were equally unsettled and anxious, regardless of culture.

Question 16

Rodrigues-Mosquera and her colleagues have documented that in cultures that prioritize concerns over honor, emotions such as ____________ are more focal.

A) disgust and fear
B) shame and anger
C) pride and happiness
D) empathy and sympathy