Deck 18: The Mongols Unify Eurasia

Question 1

Before they became known as marauders,the Mongols generally

A) led a nomadic lifestyle, purchasing much of their food needs from the Turks.
B) fought among themselves, pastoralists vs. farmers.
C) managed to grow most of the food they needed, even though they lived on mostly grassland prairies.
D) had no religion at all.
E) were known as a peace-loving people.

Answer 1

fought among themselves, pastoralists vs. farmers.

Question 2

It is frequently the case that conquerors assume at least some of the cultural characteristics of the areas that they conquer.Where,and to what degree,was this true of the Mongols? Give specific examples.

Answer 2

Answers would include Kubilai Khan and Buddhism,issues with agriculture in China and use of leaders,in Russia the emphasis on toleration and on the Middle East a discussion of Islam and toleration.

Question 3

Which of these was not a war tactic used by the Mongols?

A) Division into light and heavy cavalry.
B) Use of Chinese-style armor for the cavalry.
C) A willingness, eagerness even, to completely annihilate his enemies.
D) Instilling fear in the enemy.
E) The splitting of tribal clans into various new units.

Answer 3

A willingness, eagerness even, to completely annihilate his enemies.

Question 4

Elaborate on the rise of the Mongols,where did they originate and how did key leaders address fundamental challenges.

Question 5

The Mongols' tribal leaders,or khans,were usually selected mainly for their

A) daring in battle.
B) intelligence and intuitiveness.
C) military skills.
D) wealth and noble rank.
E) popularity.

Question 6

The city of Vienna was saved from the Mongols because of

A) help received from the Russian army.
B) the death of the Great Khan.
C) the strong support of the Baghdad Caliphate.
D) a decision by the Khans to advance on the Turks.
E) rescue by the Teutonic Knights of Germany.

Question 7

Why are the Mongols significant to world history?

Question 8

Describe and analyze the Song Dynasty,what sets it apart from other dynasties?

Question 9

During the Song Dynasty,most people lived in which of the following?

A) Western China
B) Central Asian steppes
C) Large houses in large urban centers.
D) Large cities
E) Villages

Question 10

Why did the Mongolian Empire disintegrate?

Question 11

Chinghis Khan organized his army by

A) traditional tribal lines.
B) family alliances.
C) combining various tribal groups into large units.
D) putting all of his cavalry together.
E) forming only light, mobile units of about 1,000.

Question 12

After the Mongol leader Hulegu captured the city of Baghdad in 1258,the Abbasid Dynasty

A) moved its center of power to Constantinople.
B) lost its caliph, and the family moved to Egypt.
C) stayed in power by converting the Mongols and convincing them that the Abbasids would rule better.
D) disappeared from history forever.
E) managed to escape with the lives of the entire royal family, and moved eastward into Persia.

Question 13

The Mongols believed that their war-god,Tengri,would not be satisfied until they had conquered

A) Persia.
B) Afghanistan.
C) China.
D) all of Asia.
E) the entire world.

Question 14

The most important technical innovation embraced by the Song was

A) printing.
B) harness.
C) calligraphy.
D) compass.
E) gunpowder.

Question 15

Before beginning their wave of conquests,the Mongols were

A) strong allies of the Chinese.
B) mountain dwellers who had little to do with outsiders.
C) pastoral nomads of the Asian steppes.
D) a warlike clan in western Mongolia.
E) defeated by the Chinese more than once.

Question 16

The Russians called the Mongols "Tartars," or

A) "barbarian hordes."
B) "the Golden Horde."
C) "the Infidels."
D) "the Great Unwashed."
E) "people from Hell."

Question 17

The name Chinghis Khan means,literally,

A) Great King.
B) Fearless Warrior.
C) Strong General.
D) Mongol King.
E) Royal Leader.

Question 18

The Song Dynasty is best known for which of the following?

A) The arrival of Buddhism in China.
B) The construction of the Great Wall.
C) The commercialized economy based on agriculture and manufacturing.
D) The military conquest of Central Asia.
E) The development of maritime trade in the Pacific.

Question 19

Describe and discuss the progression of Mongol conquests throughout Asia.

Question 20

The Pax Mongolica

A) lasted for about two hundred years.
B) brought destruction to China and Mongolia.
C) created new opportunities for merchants and traders.
D) was ruled by the Great Khan from Baghdad.
E) lasted only until the death of the first Great Khan.

Question 21

One of the ironies of China's invention of gunpowder was that

A) they never figured out how to use it in weapons.
B) they seem not to have thought of it as a weapon at first, and then other peoples used it against them.
C) they believed the new invention would bring them great wealth, but the opposite happened.
D) it seemed the use of gunpowder was instrumental in helping the British, rather than the Chinese, to conquer India.
E) Europeans took their own gunpowder and used it against them in weapons.

Question 22

Through the use of terror,the Mongols

A) easily overran all enemies.
B) often were able to cow enemies into surrendering without a fight.
C) sometimes frightened even themselves.
D) were so successful in defeating opponents that they no longer had to use weapons.
E) frightened all of their enemies into thinking they were from Hell.

Question 23

The largest Mongol army unit was called the ____________________.

Question 24

Yurts were Mongol

A) ponies.
B) clan leaders.
C) spiritual advisers.
D) houses.
E) places of worship.

Question 25

The Chinese exported all of the following EXCEPT

A) silk.
B) tea.
C) porcelain.
D) spices.
E) They exported all of the options.

Question 26

The Mongols eventually conquered all of these places EXCEPT

A) Southern India.
B) China.
C) Southeast Asia.
D) Russia.
E) Damascus.

Question 27

Judging by the previous strategies followed by the Tang and Song emperors of China in dealing with northern barbarians,when faced with the Mongol threat,one would have expected the Song to resort to

A) seeking military assistance from the caliphs at Baghdad.
B) recruiting a powerful army of mercenaries to defend their realm.
C) relying on Japanese samurai to ward off the Mongol threat.
D) playing off another steppe land ally against the Mongols.
E) retreating farther south into China.

Question 28

Having conquered China,the Mongols set out to

A) defeat Russia.
B) make that country look like their homeland.
C) stamp out Buddhism.
D) export Chinese agricultural practices to other parts of their empire.
E) learn the secret of the fire lance.

Question 29

In a meeting at Karakorum,Temujin was given a new title,Chinghis Khan,which means ____________________.

Question 30

In warfare,the main advantage the Mongols held over their enemies was

A) fearlessness.
B) speed.
C) endurance.
D) determination.
E) strong leadership.

Question 31

Overall,the Mongols' approach to government could best be described as one of

A) concern for the commoners.
B) exploitation as often as possible.
C) conquest after conquest.
D) Both A and B.
E) Both B and C.

Question 32

Which of the following was a way the Song government encouraged trade?

A) They experimented with paper currency.
B) They expanded the use of silver coinage.
C) They allowed currency to flow outside China.
D) They encouraged banking networks.
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 33

The feared Tamarlane became a convert to

A) Hinduism.
B) Buddhism.
C) Orthodox Christianity.
D) Islam.
E) Confucianism.

Question 34

The Khanate of the Golden Horde

A) allowed the Russians to retain many of their own customs.
B) refused to allow their Russian subjects to practice their Russian Orthodox Christianity.
C) imposed Muslim rule on a conquered Russia.
D) were responsible for Russia's loss of prosperity.
E) retained control of Russia until the late 1300s.

Question 35

During Kubilai Khan's rule in China,he

A) converted to Buddhism.
B) adopted the Confucian system of government examinations.
C) allowed only the Chinese mandarin elites to hold positions equal to those of the Mongols.
D) welcomed foreigners such as Marco Polo but typically preferred to spend time with native Chinese.
E) first confiscated good farmland, but when problems surfaced, changed his mind and allowed the farmers to return to their land.

Question 36

The ____________________ was the group of Mongols that ruled Russia after that country's submission.

Question 37

The Mongols brought so much destruction to the Russians that they called the invaders Tartars,or ____________________.

Question 38

Mongol leaders usually chose one of their conquered peoples' religions,and Kubilai Khan chose

A) Buddhism.
B) Hinduism.
C) Confucianism.
D) Orthodox Christianity.
E) Islam.

Question 39

Tamarlane seems to have been bent on conquering vast territories

A) to enrich his personal wealth.
B) to gain personal fame.
C) to keep his army satiated.
D) just for the sake of conquest.
E) to accumulate large numbers of slaves.

Question 40

Advisors finally convinced Kubilai to allow the Chinese to continue growing crops,so that they could

A) have a crop to export.
B) produce tribute for him.
C) provide for their own needs rather than relying on the Mongols.
D) feed the Mongols.
E) feed themselves.

Question 41

The unified government of Asia under the Khans has been termed the ____________________.

Question 42

Sometimes the Mongols were able to use ____________________ to subdue their enemies without a fight.

Question 43

Moving west into Arab lands,the Mongols under Hulegu captured the city of ____________________,ending ____________________ rule there.

Question 44

Before the Mongols became terroristic warriors,they lived as ____________________.

Question 45

The Mongols believed that ____________________,their spirit god,desired for them to rule the entire world.

Question 46

The first phase of the Mongol conquests included a failed attempt to conquer ____________________.