Deck 28: From Conquest to Colonies in Hispanic America

Question 1

Cultural and educational matters concerning both Europeans and Indians were handled by

A) the civil governors.
B) the criollos.
C) the caudillos.
D) the missionaries.
E) the bishops.

Answer 1

the bishops.

Question 2

Peninsulars had all of the following responsibilities EXCEPT

A) dealing with taxation.
B) dealing with all legal cases.
C) converting Native Americans.
D) handling all census data.
E) They had all of these responsibilities.

Answer 2

converting Native Americans.

Question 3

Viceroys of Spain and Peru were always

A) capable administrators.
B) Iberian born.
C) criollos.
D) autonomous.
E) Both B and C.

Answer 3

Iberian born.

Question 4

Nearly all of the early trade to and from Spanish America was channeled through the port of

A) Acapulco.
B) Barcelona.
C) Valencia.
D) Seville.
E) Cadiz.

Question 5

Criollos were

A) native-born Iberians in Latin America.
B) Spaniards living in Mexico.
C) missionaries in the outlying areas.
D) local justices.
E) assistants to the viceroys.

Question 6

Compare and contrast the Spanish and Portuguese experience in the Americas.

Question 7

Discuss the fall of the Aztec and Incan Empires.What was the most significant factor in each.

Question 8

Hernán Cortés began the construction of Mexico City with

A) slave labor.
B) labor from the captured Aztecs.
C) help from the troops of Francisco Pizarro.
D) bricks baked in coastal kilns.
E) stones from pyramids he had destroyed.

Question 9

Because it was necessary for every person in Brazil to work together for survival and success,the Portuguese colony became

A) class conscious.
B) somewhat egalitarian.
C) despised by Europeans in other colonies.
D) extremely successful.
E) slave-free.

Question 10

The encomienda gave Spanish conquerors the right to

A) expropriate land.
B) demand free labor from the natives.
C) convert the natives to Christianity.
D) keep half the gold and silver they mined.
E) All of the options are correct.

Question 11

Elaborate on colonial society and culture in the Iberian colonies.

Question 12

Elaborate on how the social dynamics played a role in the formation of Spanish colonial governments.

Question 13

Spanish exploration in the Caribbean was dominated by

A) the need for markets.
B) a search for resources.
C) the search for treasure.
D) the desire for land.
E) the need to expand their world empire.

Question 14

Describe the early economic structure and its impact back in Europe.

Question 15

Daughters of the criollos tried to marry

A) other criollos.
B) peninsulars.
C) mestizos.
D) gaucho horsemen.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 16

Early exports from the Spanish colonies consisted mainly of

A) handcrafted goods.
B) indigo.
C) sugar.
D) tobacco.
E) precious metals.

Question 17

With their capital at Mexico City,the Spanish apparently concluded that

A) they had a good opportunity to explore all of Mexico from east to west.
B) they would probably be able to subdue the Amerindian groups of Patagonia in South America.
C) they had complete ownership of al the gold and silver that was to be found in today's American southwest.
D) the forts of San Francisco and Santa Fe were as far away as they cared to rule.
E) any gold inside Mapuche territory would not be worth fighting that group so far from Spanish headquarters.

Question 18

What was the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Spanish colonies?

Question 19

The Spanish audiencia was a

A) mine.
B) village.
C) court.
D) farm.
E) plantation.

Question 20

Most slaves went to

A) Brazil.
B) Mexico.
C) Haiti.
D) Cuba.
E) Peru.

Question 21

Indians who converted to Christianity had a special feeling for the Virgin Mary,who they viewed as

A) the perfect matriarchal figure.
B) similar to their earth goddess.
C) a mother for them, as well.
D) someone who would protect their children.
E) a beautiful priestess.

Question 22

In a legal sense,Native Americans were treated as

A) children.
B) mestizos.
C) slaves.
D) criollos.
E) peninsulars.

Question 23

Tupac Amaru led an almost-successful rebellion in what place?

A) Mexico
B) Saint Domingue
C) Cuba
D) Haiti
E) Peru

Question 24

The slave rebellion led by Toussaint L'Ouverture

A) expanded the French domination of Haiti.
B) made a lasting impression on many people on both sides of the slavery issue.
C) brought Napoleon to the New World.
D) was ultimately a failure.
E) Both A and C.

Question 25

Which of the following was true of social life in late 18?? century Latin America?

A) Criollos spent less time on intellectual pursuits than did peninsulares.
B) While they read mostly religious literature, the Spaniards also obtained access to some of the Inquisition's banned books.
C) Women usually preferred religious tracts to novels.
D) The social life of a city's elite citizens was fast-paced, with many outings and festivals.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 26

At the bottom of the social pyramid in the Spanish colonies were

A) African Americans.
B) mestizos.
C) castas.
D) Indians.
E) unmarried women.

Question 27

The colonial mestizos

A) were not exempt from taxation and the Inquisition.
B) were never nomadic horsemen.
C) served as links between the Indian and Spanish populations.
D) were encouraged to attend university.
E) could be military officers.

Question 28

The reforms of King Charles III

A) abolished encomiendas.
B) established free public education.
C) increased the collection of taxes.
D) eliminated free trade.
E) brought local people into viceregal government.

Question 29

The encomienda gave Spanish conquerors the right to demand ____________________ from the natives as a reward for exploration.

Question 30

The fabled American "mountain of silver" was located at

A) Lima.
B) Potosí.
C) Teotehuicán.
D) Mexico City.
E) Buenos Aires.

Question 31

Brazil,a colony of ____________________ began as a(n)____________________ plantation.

Question 32

The result of a population increase among Native Americans was

A) a concern for rebellion against Spain.
B) an increased amicable trade between Native Americans and the Spanish.
C) an increase in commerce.
D) an increase in exploitation by the Spanish.
E) an influx of Native American migrants to Europe.

Question 33

Which of these took place under the Bourbon leadership of King Charles III in Spain?

A) The military and the navy were neglected.
B) Jesuit missionaries were banished from the empire.
C) The four Spanish American viceroyalties were reduced to two.
D) Smuggling increased.
E) Officials began to be selected from criollos more often.

Question 34

When rounded up and moved into Spanish towns,local Indians

A) refused to the point of death converting to Christianity.
B) often became victims of the Inquisition.
C) learned to read and write and began to assimilate into the dominant society.
D) were sometimes captured and taken as slaves to the plantations of Brazil.
E) were treated as perpetual children, and so were taught Christianity and handcrafts.

Question 35

For New Spain,the last of the 17?? century and the first part of the 18?? was a time of

A) cautious optimism.
B) disturbance and rebellion.
C) reconciliation and rebirth.
D) decline and stagnation.
E) strong growth.

Question 36

Which of the following factors helped bring about the rapid fall of both the Aztec and Inca empires?

A) The Indians thought Cortés and Pizarro were devils.
B) The conquistadores bribed Moctezuma and Atahualpa to betray their people.
C) The conquistadores lost their Indian allies against the emperors.
D) The Indians had steel weapons capable of killing an armored horseman.
E) Masses of Indians died or were weakened by foreign diseases.

Question 37

Which of the following was most descriptive of women's situation in the Spanish colonies?

A) Women were viewed as morally inferior and not allowed to join the church.
B) Women were believed to be highly intelligent and therefore highly educated.
C) Women were restricted in public but allowed freedom to read whatever they chose in private.
D) Women were to be protected and proper at all times.
E) Women were denied higher education.

Question 38

____________________ were early Spanish town councils.

Question 39

In the early colonial period,the greatest amount of silver was extracted from ____________________,and the second largest amount came from mines just north of ____________________.

Question 40

It is estimated that about one-third of the silver bullion taken out of the colonies by Spain ended up

A) paying for a war with France.
B) going to the Catholic church.
C) going to China to pay for silk and porcelain.
D) in the hands of the Spanish government.
E) causing a long-lasting, world-wide inflation.

Question 41

In a legal sense,both ____________________ and ____________________ were considered Spanish,but the ____________________ considered themselves superior.

Question 42

The ____________________ were rural plantation-villages with a somewhat free wage labor.

Question 43

The audiencia handled both ____________________ and ____________________ for Spain within the provinces.

Question 44

The first monarch to attempt real reform in the Indies colonies was ____________________ of Spain.

Question 45

After conquering the Aztecs in 1521,Cortés began the construction of ____________________ with stone from destroyed pyramids.

Question 46

Haitian slaves gained freedom after a revolt led by ____________________,an ex-slave.