Deck 8: Voice and Resonance Disorders

Question 1

An inability to control vocal intensity or loudness variations may be due to

A) Psychological problems
B) Loss of neural control of the respiratory/laryngeal mechanism
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

is the perception of audible air escaping through the glottis during phonation.

A) Strain
B) Hoarseness
C) Roughness
D) Breathiness

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Name the three disorders of vocal pitch and describe each of them.

Answer 3

Monopitch: Lacks normal inflectional variation and sometimes the ability to change pitch. May be a sign of neurological impairment, psychiatric disability, or personality.
Inappropriate pitch: A voice that is judged outside the normal range for age and/or sex. A vocal pitch that is too high may indicate underdevelopment of the larynx. A vocal pitch that is too low may be related to endocrinological problems. May be related to personal preference or habit.
Pitch breaks: Sudden, uncontrolled upward or downward changes in pitch. Common in males going through puberty. Laryngeal pathologies and/or neurological conditions are related to pitch breaks.

Question 4

Compare and contrast vocal misuse and abuse.

Question 5

Voice disorders in children are usually related to and are typically temporary.

A) Vocal misuse/abuse
B) Illnesses such as the cold and flu
C) Trauma to the neck area
D) Genetic factors

Question 6

For voice disorders, deviations may be in which of the following?

A) Flexibility
B) Loudness
C) Quality
D) Pitch
E) All of the above

Question 7

is noisy breathing or involuntary sound that accompanies inspiration and expiration; it is always abnormal and serious.

A) Consistent aphonia
B) Throat clearing
C) Stridor
D) Episodic aphonia

Question 8

are reddened ulcerations on the posterior surface of the vocal folds in the region of the arytenoid cartilages.

A) Vocal polyps
B) Contact ulcers
C) Pedunculated polyps
D) Vocal nodules

Question 9

are fluid filled lesions that develop when blood vessels rupture and swell.

A) Vocal nodules
B) Contact ulcers
C) Vocal polyps
D) None of the above

Question 10

Describe vocal nodules, the affected population, the effects on the voice, and treatment.

Question 11

Modifications in the length and of the vocal folds are necessary to produce pitch change.

A) Height
B) Width
C) Tension
D) All of the above

Question 12

The loudness of conversational speech is around

A) 60 dB
B) 30 dB
C) 45 dB
D) 100 dB

Question 13

is the quality of the voice that is produced from sound vibrations in the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities.

A) Prosody
B) Frequency
C) Resonance
D) None of the above

Question 14

Cleft palate is a type of

A) Neurological disorder
B) Craniofacial anomaly
C) Psychological impairment
D) None of the above

Question 15

is a result of not varying habitual speaking frequency.

A) Monotone voice
B) Monopitch voice
C) Strained vocal quality
D) Harshness

Question 16

Compare and contrast acute and chronic laryngitis.

Question 17

Vocal pitch is measured in _, whereas vocal loudness is measured in _ .

Question 18

is the perceptual correlate of fundamental frequency associated with the rate of vocal fold vibration.

A) Vocal pitch
B) Resonance
C) Decibels
D) Vocal loudness

Question 19

is the perceptual correlate of intensity.

A) Vocal pitch
B) Vocal loudness
C) Resonance
D) Decibels

Question 20

Velopharyngeal insufficiency is failure of the velopharyngeal mechanism to separate the and cavities during speech and swallowing.

A) Pharyngeal, laryngeal
B) Laryngeal, oral
C) Oral, nasal
D) Oral, pharyngeal

Question 21

The perceptual portion of the voice evaluation examines

A) Loudness
B) Voice characteristics
C) Pitch
D) All of the above

Question 22

Unilateral or bilateral vocal fold paralysis is caused by damage to the recurrent branch of

A) CN VII
B) CN VIII
C) CN V
D) CN X

Question 23

occurs when the velopharyngeal mechanism fails to decouple the oral and nasal cavities.

A) Hypernasality
B) Hyponasality
C) Glottal stopping
D) None of the above

Question 24

A _ is an abnormal opening in an anatomical structure caused by a failure of the structures to fuse or merge correctly early in embryonic development.

A) Nasal emission
B) Granuloma
C) Glottis
D) Cleft

Question 25

refers to ruptured capillaries covered with epithelial tissue, associated with intubation.

A) Vocal nodules
B) Laryngeal papillomas
C) Laryngeal cancer
D) Granuloma

Question 26

Discuss three alternative methods of producing voice after removal of the larynx due to laryngeal cancer.

Question 27

is a motion picture X-ray recorded on DVD, which permits the imaging of velopharyngeal function from three different perspectives.

A) Multi-view videofluoroscopy
B) Endoscope
C) Nasometer
D) None of the above

Question 28

Voice therapy after surgery for vocal fold paralysis is aimed at

A) Increasing vocal fold closure and decreasing loudness
B) Increasing vocal fold closure and loudness
C) Decreasing vocal fold closure and loudness
D) Decreasing vocal fold closure and decreasing loudness

Question 29

When voice therapy is the primary intervention, what are the goals of therapy?

Question 30

What information does the SLP gather for the case history of a voice evaluation?

Question 31

is recommended for voice disorders resulting from vocal misuse or abuse.

A) Voice therapy
B) Surgical removal
C) Collagen injections
D) Permanent vocal rest

Question 32

are voice disorders that result from emotional suppression.

A) Chronic laryngitis
B) Conversion disorders
C) Spastic dysarthrias
D) None of the above

Question 33

can occur when there is a blockage somewhere in the nasopharynx or nasal cavity, causing an insufficient amount of nasal resonance.

A) Hypernasality
B) Nasal emission
C) Hyponasality
D) None of the above

Question 34

People with have great difficulty speaking and swallowing and may exhibit emotional lability. Voice symptoms include harshness, pitch breaks, and a strained/strangled quality.

A) Spastic dysarthria
B) Conversion aphonia
C) Laryngeal papillomas
D) Spasmodic dysphonia

Question 35

The vocal characteristics of congenital laryngeal webbing include

A) Hoarseness
B) High pitch
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 36

A _ is a lens and light source that can be used to view the laryngeal structures.

A) Laryngometer
B) Nasometer
C) Fluoroscope
D) None of the above

Question 37

After unilateral vocal fold paralysis, the vocal folds vibrate at different speeds, resulting in

A) Diplophonia
B) Harshness
C) Monoloudness
D) Hoarseness

Question 38

is the preferred treatment for neurological or idiopathic spasmodic dysphonia.

A) Injection of botulism toxin
B) Surgery
C) Collagen injection
D) Vocal fold prosthesis

Question 39

Explain the phenomenon of audible nasal emission.

Question 40

Voice symptoms of Parkinson disease include

A) Monoloudness
B) Monopitch
C) Breathiness
D) All of the above

Question 41

Children born with cleft palate often undergo surgical closure of the cleft around what age?

A) 9-12 months
B) 3-6 months
C) 6-9 months
D) 12-18 months

Question 42

Children with VPI may also have disorders of , for which intervention should begin as soon as possible.

A) Articulation
B) Pragmatics
C) Syntax
D) Morphology

Question 43

For voice disorders associated with misuse/abuse, some neurological disorders, and psychological or stress conditions, voice treatment has been shown to be

A) Highly effective
B) Mildly effective
C) Reasonably effective
D) Ineffective

Question 44

Surgical repair of a cleft lip occurs

A) After 12 months
B) Before 3 months of age
C) Around 6 months
D) Around 9 months

Question 45

In addition to raising vocal pitch in males transitioning to female or lowering pitch in females transitioning to males, which of the following is/are additional therapeutic technique(s) in the transgender population?

A) Training males transitioning to female to increase vocal intensity
B) Training males transitioning to female to place their tongue more anteriorly when speaking
C) Training females transitioning to male to use a more breathy voice quality
D) All of the above

Question 46

is a method that can be used to strengthen the muscles of the velum in cases of mild hypernasality following surgical repair of a cleft palate.

A) Electropalatography
B) Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 47

When voice therapy is a secondary treatment method, goals include:

Question 48

Describe three types of prosthetics used in management of resonance disorders.

Question 49

Describe the difference between limited habituation and overall habituation in the context of voice disorder therapy secondary to VPI.

Question 50

Why is psychiatric referral often not needed for voice disorders associated with psychological or stress conditions?