Deck 6: Adult Language Impairments

Question 1

Incoming auditory information is held in working memory in in the frontal lobe while it is processed.

A) The supplementary motor area
B) Wernicke's area
C) Broca's area
D) The hippocampus

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The aphasic population is extremely diverse, but which characteristics are common to all aphasias?

A) Difficulty with reading and writing
B) Difficulty in auditory comprehension and word retrieval
C) Deficits in naming and fluency
D) All of the above

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The functions of the cerebellum include

A) Participation in language processing and higher cognitive activities
B) Maintaining muscle tone
C) Control of fine, complex motor activities
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Describe how language form changes through adulthood.

Question 5

Nonlinguistic and paralinguistic information are processed primarily

A) Bilaterally
B) In the left hemisphere
C) In the right hemisphere
D) In the frontal lobes

Question 6

The is the basic unit of the nervous system.

A) Cell
B) Neuron
C) Dendrite
D) Glioma

Question 7

The sensory and motor functions of the cerebrum are mostly

A) Bilateral
B) Multilateral
C) Contralateral
D) Unilateral

Question 8

Severity of aphasia is related to

A) Age of the client
B) Cause, extent, location, and age of brain injury
C) General health of the client
D) All of the above

Question 9

In most individuals, linguistic information is processed

A) In the frontal lobes
B) In the right hemisphere
C) Bilaterally
D) In the left hemisphere

Question 10

The aphasias can be categorized into based on certain patterns of behavior.

A) Diseases
B) Symptoms
C) Syndromes
D) Disorders

Question 11

The wrinkled appearance of the cerebral cortex is due to hills and valleys called

A) Gray matter and white matter
B) Gyri and fissures
C) Hemispheres and vermis
D) None of the above

Question 12

Most incoming linguistic processing occurs in in the left temporal lobe, assisted by the angular gyrus for words and the supramarginal gyrus for grammar.

A) Wernicke's area
B) The hippocampus
C) The central sulcus
D) Broca's area

Question 13

Describe how language use changes through adulthood.

Question 14

A nerve is

A) Only found in the brain
B) Another name for a neuron
C) A collection of neurons
D) All of the above

Question 15

Broca's area sends programming information to the , which sends signals to the motor neurons for speech.

A) Thalamus
B) Motor cortex
C) Pontine angle
D) Basal ganglia

Question 16

What are the three parts of a neuron?

Question 17

Describe how language content changes through adulthood.

Question 18

The brain consists of the

A) Brain stem
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) All of the above

Question 19

What are the four lobes of the brain?

Question 20

The space across which electrochemical impulses pass between neurons is the

A) Cleft
B) Axon
C) Dendrite
D) Synapse

Question 21

Name and define the additional types of aphasia that may affect only one modality and cannot be categorized into specific syndromes.

Question 22

Name the types of fluent aphasia

Question 23

Factors that increase the risk of stroke include

A) Poor diet
B) Lack of exercise
C) Smoking
D) All of the above

Question 24

Name and describe the types/factors related to ischemic stroke.

Question 25

Name and describe the types/factors related to hemorrhagic stroke.

Question 26

Name the types of nonfluent aphasia.

Question 27

How do the patterns of recovery vary with the type of stroke?

Question 28

Individuals who have lesions deep in the brain, have fluent expressive speech, paraphasia and neologisms, unimpaired repetition, relatively intact auditory and reading comprehension, and cognitive deficits that include reduced vigilance most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Transcortical sensory
B) Subcortical
C) Conduction
D) Anomic

Question 29

The most common cause of aphasia is

A) Stroke
B) Traumatic brain injury
C) Anoxia
D) Heart attack

Question 30

Individuals who demonstrate impaired speech (especially in conversation), have good verbal imitative abilities, have mildly impaired auditory comprehension, and difficulty initiating speech or writing most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Broca's
B) Transcortical motor
C) Global/mixed
D) Crossed aphasia

Question 31

Individuals who demonstrate limited spontaneous expressive ability of a few words or stereotypes, have limited imitative speech and naming abilities, and have auditory comprehension that is limited to single words or short phrases most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Broca's
B) Transcortical motor
C) Global/mixed
D) Crossed aphasia

Question 32

Name five concomitant or accompanying deficits associated with aphasia and provide definitions.

Question 33

Individuals who have anomia, only mildly impaired auditory comprehension, extremely poor repetitive or imitative speech, paraphasia or the inappropriate use of words formed by the addition of sounds and incorrect ordering of sounds or by substituting related words, and frequent self-correction attempts most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Wernicke's
B) Conduction
C) Subcortical
D) Transcortical sensory

Question 34

is a degenerative disorder of language with preservation of other mental functions and of activities of daily living.

A) Primary progressive aphasia
B) Mild cognitive impairment
C) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
D) Neural infection

Question 35

After acute care, an individual who has a stroke may require

A) Nursing home care
B) Outpatient rehabilitation
C) Rehabilitative hospitalization
D) All of the above

Question 36

Individuals who have fluent or hyperfluent speech, poor auditory and visual comprehension, verbal paraphasia or unintended words and neologisms, sentences formed by jargon, and a mild to severe impairment in naming and imitative speech most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Conduction
B) Wernicke's
C) Transcortical sensory
D) Anomic

Question 37

Individuals who have severe naming difficulties in both speech and writing, fluent spontaneous speech marred by word retrieval difficulties, and mild to moderate auditory comprehension problems most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Anomic
B) Transcortical sensory
C) Subcortical
D) Wernicke's

Question 38

Individuals who speak in short sentences with agrammatism, demonstrate anomia, have problems with imitation of speech, have labored speech and writing, and demonstrate articulation and phonological errors most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Broca's
B) Transcortical motor
C) Global/Mixed
D) Crossed aphasia

Question 39

Individuals who have an unimpaired ability to repeat or imitate language, verbal paraphasia or word substitution, lack of nouns and severe anomia, and poor auditory comprehension most likely have which type of aphasia?

A) Transcortical sensory
B) Subcortical
C) Anomic
D) Conduction

Question 40

As a result of stroke people become aphasic each year.

A) 500,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 10,000

Question 41

Explain the following terms: edema, hypoxia, infarction, and hematoma.

Question 42

Maximum spontaneous recovery after stroke occurs

A) In the first month
B) In the first 6 months
C) In the first 3 weeks
D) In the first 3 months

Question 43

Using gestures and pantomime might have a positive effect on

A) Auditory comprehension
B) Syntactical structure
C) Noun retrieval
D) Social interaction

Question 44

Annually, _ _ people sustain TBI in the U.S.

A) 500,000
B) 1.4 million
C) 900,000
D) 750,000

Question 45

When do assessment and intervention begin after stroke?

A) When the client can verbalize that he/she wants therapy and can state their needs
B) As soon as the client's condition permits
C) As soon as the individual enters the rehabilitation hospital
D) Not until neuroimaging is complete

Question 46

What is the overall goal of treatment for aphasia?

Question 47

The right hemisphere is important for activation of

A) Visual comprehension
B) Phonological information
C) Distant word and sentence meanings
D) All of the above

Question 48

Evidence-based practice in aphasia shows that

A) Conversational techniques are most effective
B) "Bridging" is most effective
C) Cross-modality generalization is most effective
D) We cannot definitively say which interventions methods are best

Question 49

The most frequent linguistic gains after stroke are in

A) Syntax
B) Lexical retrieval
C) Repetition
D) Auditory comprehension

Question 50

Intervention for activating meanings and for suppression of noncontextual ones can be accomplished through , where a client is given sentences to activate different meanings prior to being given a word.

A) Sequencing
B) Contextual pre-stimulation
C) Time constraints
D) None of the above

Question 51

of individuals with right hemisphere brain damage exhibit one or more communication impairments, but many do not receive treatment.

A) 25-47%
B) 10-15%
C) 50-78%
D) None of the above

Question 52

Paralinguistic deficits include difficulty comprehending and producing

A) Narratives
B) Topics of conversation
C) Emotional language
D) All of the above

Question 53

Which procedures may be used in assessment with individuals with RHBD?

A) Interviewing
B) Observations
C) Portions of aphasia batteries
D) All of the above

Question 54

For interpretation of , a semantic intervention approach may be used where word meaning and connotations are mapped and diagrammed.

A) Complex syntax
B) Tangentiality
C) Receptive aprosodia
D) Figurative language

Question 55

Name the common characteristics of RHBD.

Question 56

is the reduced ability or inability to produce or comprehend affective aspects of language.

A) Aprosodia
B) Prosopagnosia
C) Voice immodulation disorder
D) Anosognosia

Question 57

is a disruption in normal functioning caused by a blow or jolt to the had or a penetrating injury.

A) Stroke
B) Traumatic brain injury
C) Edema
D) Meningitis

Question 58

Affected areas of pragmatics in individuals with RHBD include

A) Topic maintenance
B) Determination of listener needs
C) Appreciation of the communication situation
D) All of the above

Question 59

For , clients may imitate a sentence in unison with the SLP, or use cognitive-linguistic treatment in which cues are used to modify this domain.

A) Expressive aprosodia
B) Receptive aprosodia
C) A & B
D) None of the above

Question 60

Formal testing for aphasia is usually

A) Postponed until the client is stable
B) Conducted as soon as the client is alert
C) Conducted weekly to determine change
D) Not necessary

Question 61

TBI may affect

A) Executive function
B) Memory
C) Orientation
D) All of the above

Question 62

What is the SLP's role in assessment of dementia?

Question 63

What is the most disturbed language area in TBI? Describe the related deficits.

Question 64

What is the focus of intervention for communication in dementia?

Question 65

Communication disorders associated with dementia progress over time and include

A) The eventual inability to express oneself via speech and language
B) Anomia
C) Comprehension deficits
D) All of the above

Question 66

Approximately 1/3 of individuals with TBI demonstrate

A) Dysthymia
B) Dysgraphia
C) Dyslexia
D) Dysarthria

Question 67

The late stages of recovery from TBI include

A) Reducing confusion
B) Sensorimotor stimulation
C) A focus on orientation
D) None of the above

Question 68

Those with TBI recover in a/an _ fashion.

Question 69

What are the two most commonly reported symptoms in TBI?

Question 70

include Alzheimer's and Pick's diseases and resemble those of focal impairments such as aphasia and RHBD, including visuospatial deficits, memory problems, judgment and abstract thinking disturbances, and language deficits in naming, reading and writing, and auditory comprehension.

A) Subcortical dementias
B) Cortical dementias
C) Diffuse dementias
D) Focal dementias

Question 71

Describe cognitive rehabilitation and its two approaches.

Question 72

What are the lifespan issues associated with Alzheimer's disease?

Question 73

Language may be affected in of individuals with TBI.

A) 75%
B) 100%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 74

Describe lifespan issues related to TBI recovery from injury to later stages of recovery.

Question 75

is a group of both pathological conditions and syndromes that result in declining of memory and at least one other cognitive ability that is significant enough to interfere with daily life activities.

A) Dementia
B) Dysarthria
C) Aphasia
D) TBI

Question 76

Fewer than of the elderly experience dementia.

A) 1%
B) 15%
C) 3%
D) 10%