Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because _ .

A) they grow much slower
B) the vascular supply of the eyebrow follicle is one- tenth that of the head hair follicle
C) hormones in the eyebrow follicle switch the growth off after it has reached a predetermined length
D) eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What is the first threat to life from a massive third- degree burn?

A) infection
B) loss of immune function
C) unbearable pain
D) catastrophic fluid loss

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocytes .

A) accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV- blocking pigment layer
B) maintain the appropriate pH in order for the melanocyte to synthesize melanin granules
C) maintain the appropriate temperature so the product of the melanocyte will not denature
D) provide the melanocyte with nutrients necessary for melanin synthesis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well- being, and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

A) stratum lucidum
B) stratum corneum
C) stratum granulosum
D) stratum basale

Question 5

Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.

A) Squamous cell carcinomas arise from the stratum corneum.
B) Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
C) Basal cell carcinomas are the least common but most malignant.
D) Most tumors that arise on the skin are malignant.

Question 6

Water loss through the epidermis could cause a serious threat to health and well- being. Which of the following protects us against excessive water loss through the skin?

A) The dermis is the thickest portion of the skin and water cannot pass through it.
B) The size and shape of the cells that make up the stratum spinosum, as well as the thick bundles of intermediate filaments.
C) Fat associated with skin prevents water loss.
D) Lamellar granules of the cells of the stratum granulosum, a glycolipid that is secreted into extracellular spaces.

Question 7

The integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this function?

A) macrophages called dendritic cells (Langerhans Cell)
B) keratinocytes, because they are so versatile
C) cells found in the stratum spinosum
D) tactile cells

Question 8

Changes in the color of skin are often an indication of a homeostatic imbalance. Which of the following changes would suggest that a patient is suffering from Addison's disease?

A) The skin takes on a bronze or metallic appearance.
B) The skin appears to have an abnormal, yellowish tint.
C) Black- and- blue marks become evident for no apparent cause.
D) It is impossible to suggest Addison's disease from an inspection of a person's skin.

Question 9

The composition of the secretions of the eccrine glands is .

A) primarily uric acid
B) fatty substances, proteins, antibodies, and trace amounts of minerals and vitamins
C) metabolic wastes
D) 99% water, sodium chloride, trace amounts of wastes, and vitamin C

Question 10

The single most important risk for skin cancer is _ _

A) overexposure to UV radiation
B) genetics
C) use of farm chemicals
D) race

Question 11

Which glands produce ear wax?

A) Apocrine glands
B) Merocrine glands
C) Ceruminous glands
D) Eccrine Glands

Question 12

A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?

A) basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
B) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
C) granulosum, basale, spinosum, corneum
D) basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

Question 13

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following except .

A) cuticle
B) medulla
C) cortex
D) external root sheath

Question 14

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) Pacinian corpuscles
C) Krause's end bulbs
D) free nerve endings

Question 15

Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?

A) There is an episode of acute pain due to the large number of tactile corpuscles.
B) The stretching causes the tension lines to disappear.
C) The appearance of visible, silvery- white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.
D) The blood vessels in the dermis rupture and the blood passes through the tissue, causing permanent "black- and- blue marks."

Question 16

is an inherited condition that affects the heme pathway; it leaves the skin scarred and gums degenerated, and may have led to the folklore about vampires.

A) Decubitus ulcer
B) Rosacea
C) Impetigo
D) Porphyria

Question 17

Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include
)

A) the dermis providing the major mechanical barrier to chemicals, water, and other external substances
B) epidermal blood vessels serving as a blood reservoir
C) cooling the body by increasing the action of sebaceous glands during high- temperature conditions
D) resident macrophage- like cells whose function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system

Question 18

Acne is a disorder associated with .

A) sweat glands
B) ceruminous glands
C) sebaceous glands
D) Meibomian glands

Question 19

Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands?

A) holocrine and mammary
B) eccrine and apocrine
C) sebaceous and merocrine
D) mammary and ceruminous

Question 20

Which of the following statements indicates the way in which the body's natural defenses protect the skin from the effects of UV damage?

A) The skin is protected by increasing the number of epidermal dendritic cells, which help to activate the immune system.
B) Carotene, which accumulates in the stratum corneum and hypodermal adipose tissue, is synthesized in large amounts in the presence of sunlight.
C) The skin is protected by the synthesis of three pigments that contribute to the skin's color.
D) Prolonged exposure to the sun induces melanin dispersion, which in turn acts as a natural sunscreen.

Question 21

Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would we find these glands in the human body?

A) in all body regions and buried deep in the dermis
B) in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
C) in the axillary and anogenital area
D) beneath the flexure lines in the body

Question 22

What are the most important factors influencing hair growth?

A) sex and hormones
B) nutrition and hormones
C) age and glandular products
D) the size and number of hair follicles

Question 23

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that .

A) the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus
B) it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb more shock
C) the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
D) it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock

Question 24

Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?

A) Air bubbles in the hair shaft cause straight hair.
B) Gray hair is the result of hormonal action altering the chemical composition of melanin.
C) Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.
D) Perfectly round hair shafts result in wavy hair.

Question 25

A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?

A) lucidum
B) granulosum
C) spinosum
D) basale

Question 26

Which type of skin cancer appears as a scaly reddened papule and tends to grow rapidly and metastasize?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Adenoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Melanoma

Question 27

Vernix caseosa is a _ .

A) coat of fine, downy hair on the heads of balding men
B) cheesy- looking sudoriferous secretion on the skin of newborns
C) substance contributing to acne during adolescence
D) whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands

Question 28

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

A) Pacinian corpuscle
B) Ruffini body
C) tactile corpuscle
D) free nerve ending

Question 29

A dendritic or Langerhan cell is a specialized .

A) melanocyte
B) nerve cell
C) squamous epithelial cell
D) phagocytic cell

Question 30

The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated .

A) as a protective coating when one is swimming
B) by hormones, especially androgens
C) by high temperatures
D) when the air temperature drops

Question 31

The dermis is a strong, flexible connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?

A) fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
B) goblet cells, parietal cells, and chondrocytes
C) osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and epithelial cells
D) monocytes, reticulocytes, and osteocytes

Question 32

What is the most important role of the arrector pili muscles in humans?

A) Help retain heat
B) Force sebum out of the hair follicle to the skin surface
C) Defense
D) Cause the hair follicle to stand erect

Question 33

Name the four kinds of sudoriferous glands and give their locations.

Question 34

The papillary layer of the dermis is connective tissue heavily invested with blood vessels. The superficial surface has structures called:

A) hair follicles.
B) dermal papillae.
C) reticular papillae.
D) ceruminous glands.

Question 35

In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. Which of the following is another vital function of the skin?

A) It converts modified epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
B) It absorbs vitamin C so that the skin will not be subject to diseases.
C) It aids in the transport of materials throughout the body.
D) The cells of the epidermis store glucose as glycogen for energy.

Question 36

The dermis has two major layers. Which layer constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

A) the hypodermal layer
B) the subcutaneous layer
C) the papillary layer
D) the reticular layer

Question 37

Burns are devastating and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss?

A) through blood analysis
B) by using the "rule of nines"
C) by measuring urinary output and fluid intake
D) by observing the tissues that are usually moist

Question 38

Which of the following cells and their functions are correctly matched?

A) Tactile cells - protection
B) Dendritic cells - activate the immune system
C) Melanocytes - protects cells in the stratum corneum from damaging effects of sun's rays
D) Keratinocytes - provide sense of touch and pressure

Question 39

The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges?

A) They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.
B) Every human being has the same pattern of ridges.
C) Identical twins do not have the same pattern of ridges.
D) Because we are constantly shedding epithelial cells, these ridges are changing daily.

Question 40

The function of the root hair plexus is to _ .

A) serve as a source for new epidermal cells for hair growth after the resting stage has passed
B) cause apocrine gland secretion into the hair follicle
C) bind the hair root to the dermis
D) allow the hair to assist in touch sensation

Question 41

Balding men have tried all kinds of remedies, including hair transplants, to restore their lost locks. Explain the cause of male pattern baldness.

Question 42

What are vellus hairs?

Question 43

Why are the apocrine sweat glands fairly unimportant in thermal regulation?

Question 44

What are the functions of the papillary layer of the skin?

Question 45

Billions of consumer dollars are spent for deodorants and antiperspirants each year. Explain the production of body odors frequently associated with axillary skin.

Question 46

Figure 5.2Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Papillary layer of the dermis

Question 47

Why should incisions be made parallel to cleavage lines produced by collagen fiber bundles rather than perpendicular to the lines?

Question 48

Figure 5.2Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Name the layers of the epidermis in order from the surface down.

Question 49

There are several reasons other than genetics for hair loss. Identify some of these other factors.

Question 50

Burns that result in injury to the epidermis and the upper regions of the dermis is called a burn.

Question 51

The coarse hair of the eyebrows and scalp is called hair.

Question 52

Figure 5.2Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Reticular layer of the dermis

Question 53

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Dense irregularly arranged, fibrous connective tissue.

Question 54

Figure 5.2Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Epidermis

Question 55

What is the function of skin dermal folds and deep skin creases?

Question 56

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Sudoriferous gland.

Question 57

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Where capillary loops are found.

Question 58

Figure 5.2Using Figure 5.2, match the following:
Hypodermis

Question 59

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Region that thickens markedly when one gains weight.

Question 60

The white crescent portion of the nail is called the .

Question 61

When a patient is said to have "third- degree burns," this indicates that the patient has burns that cover approximately one- third or more of the body.

Question 62

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
The only place you will find stratum is in the skin that covers the palms, fingertips, and soles of the feet.

Question 63

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
What are six of the functions of the epidermis?

Question 64

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
How are burns commonly classified? Give an example.

Question 65

Cradle cap in infants is called .

Question 66

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
The are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause goose bumps.

Question 67

The pinkish hue of individuals with fair skin is the result of the crimson color of oxygenated hemoglobin (contained in red blood cells) circulating in the dermal capillaries and reflecting through the epidermis.

Question 68

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Why is skin not considered an absolute heat barrier for the body?

Question 69

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Responsible for shock absorption and located in the hypodermis.

Question 70

The dermis is rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Question 71

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Pulls the hair follicle into an upright position.

Question 72

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
What complications might be anticipated from the loss of large areas of skin surfaces?

Question 73

The skin is not able to receive stimuli because the cells of the epidermis are not living and therefore there are no sensory receptors in the skin.

Question 74

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
List the layers of the dermis and describe the functions of the tissue that makes up each layer.

Question 75

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Site of the dermal ridges that produce epidermal ridges on the epidermal surfaces of the fingers.

Question 76

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
In addition to the synthesis of vitamin D, keratinocytes are able to carry out some other biologically important functions. Name at least two of these other functions.

Question 77

The layer of the epidermis immediately under the stratum lucidum in thick skin is the
stratum _ .

Question 78

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Why is profuse sweating on a hot day good, and yet a potential problem?

Question 79

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
Pigment- producing cells in the epidermis are .

Question 80

Figure 5.1Using Figure 5.1, match the following:
A summertime golden bronze tan may not be a tan at all; especially if the skin appears almost metallic bronze, it may be the result of disease.