Deck 29: Heredity

Question 1

Figure 29.1
Given the information in Figure 29.1, if C were an incomplete dominant trait, what would the phenotype ratio be for the offspring?

A) 1:3
B) 1:1:1:1
C) 1:2:1
D) 4:0

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An individual who is heterozygous for a particular trait, yet expresses both alleles of that trait, is an example of _ _.

A) incomplete dominance
B) dominance
C) sex- linked inheritance
D) recessive inheritance

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Recessive genes are usually expressed in humans only when .

A) they are coding for genetic diseases
B) they are coding for skin color
C) both alleles are exactly the same, or homozygous
D) the organism is in the embryonic stage

Answer 3

C

Question 4

is the most common type of fetal testing.

A) Amniocentesis
B) CVS
C) Blood chemistry
D) A DNA probe

Question 5

Amy's hand was exposed to X rays. A gene in a skin cell of her hand mutated. This mutant gene will .

A) definitely cause skin cancer
B) not form an exact duplicate of itself when the cell divides
C) replicate itself when the cell divides but will not be passed on to Amy's offspring
D) replicate itself and be passed on to Amy's children

Question 6

Figure 29.1
Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to become visibly expressed
)

A) equally frequently in both sexes
B) more frequently in males
C) in neither males or females
D) more frequently in females

Question 7

A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to
)

A) chromosome deletion
B) independent assortment and random crossover
C) recessive inheritance
D) mutation

Question 8

Figure 29.1
Which of the following statements is true concerning genetic screening?

A) Screening is illegal in over half of the world.
B) Screening can be done before conception by carrier recognition or during fetal testing.
C) Screening can be done only in the first trimester of pregnancy.
D) Genetic screening is rarely done because it yields very little accurate information.

Question 9

The gene responsible for the condition known as sickle- cell anemia demonstrates _.

A) a recessive genetic disorder
B) a sex- linked genetic disorder
C) incomplete dominance
D) a dominant genetic disorder

Question 10

Figure 29.1
Given the information in Figure 29.1, what would be the genotype of the offspring designated by the blank square?

A) Gg
B) gg
C) Dg
D) GG

Question 11

Huntington's disease involves _ .

A) the presence of an extra chromosome
B) hyposecretion of thyroxine
C) degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain
D) hypersecretion of growth hormone

Question 12

Figure 29.1
Given the information in Figure 29.1, what is the phenotype ratio (assuming C is dominant and there is no incomplete dominance)?

A) 1:2:1
B) 1:3
C) 4:0
D) 1:1:1:1

Question 13

Which of the following is true concerning environmental influence on genetic expression?

A) Drugs and nutrition can alter normal gene expression.
B) The only time a gene can be influenced by environmental factors is in the second trimester of pregnancy.
C) Environmental factors determine the way in which 90 percent of our genes are expressed.
D) It is impossible to alter in any way the expression of a gene in humans.

Question 14

Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they _ .

A) code for most phenotypic and genotypic expressions of a trait
B) code for genes that are never considered lethal
C) suppress the expression of other alleles
D) code for desired traits only

Question 15

Figure 29.1
Two alleles expressing exactly the same information for a trait are designated as .

A) homozygous
B) hemizygous
C) heterozygous
D) monogamous

Question 16

Figure 29.1
Given the information in Figure 29.1, what would the genotype ratio be for the offspring?

A) 4:0
B) 1:2:1
C) 1:1:1:1
D) 1:3

Question 17

Figure 29.1
In meiosis the spermatozoa that are produced are genetically unlike each other and unlike the cell that produces them. This is one reason for the great variation among humans. What causes this effect?

A) chromosome segregation and independent assortment only
B) crossing- over, chromosome segregation, and independent assortment
C) crossing- over and independent assortment only
D) crossing- over and chromosome segregation only

Question 18

Sex chromosomes of a normal male are .

A) YY
B) XY
C) XX
D) any of these, depending on the father

Question 19

Those characteristics that can be determined on superficial inspection of an individual are known as .

A) genotypic
B) polyspermic
C) phenotypic
D) polygenic

Question 20

Figure 29.1
The main way a recessive allele would be expressed even when only one copy is present would be
)

A) recessive inheritance
B) incomplete dominance
C) sex- linked inheritance
D) dominance

Question 21

Inheritance of stature (height) in humans is probably due to .

A) incomplete dominance
B) polygene inheritance
C) polyploidy
D) polymorphism

Question 22

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Color blindness is a(n) trait.

Question 23

Define phenocopy.

Question 24

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
The second- generation phenotypes would follow what ratio? (Pair the number with a phenotype in each case.)

Question 25

An example of multiple- allele inheritance is .

A) hair that seems to have several shades of a color
B) the ABO blood group
C) the appearance of birthmarks on the skin
D) the appearance of freckles on the skin

Question 26

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
When might amniocentesis be appropriate?

Question 27

For which of the following are newborn infants not routinely screened at birth?

A) imperforate anus
B) PKU
C) congenital hip dysplasia
D) color blindness

Question 28

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Are there any male carriers?

Question 29

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
The ABO blood type is a good example of a(n) inheritance.

Question 30

Two tall red pea plants, when crossed, produced some offspring that were white and dwarf. Assuming that tallness and redness are dominant, what are the genotypes of the parents?

Question 31

The reason recessive genetic disorders are more frequent than disorders inherited as dominant is that .

A) recessive genetic disorders are limited to persons of the same ethnicity
B) people carrying dominant genetic disorders always die before birth
C) dominant genetic disorders are never expressed in males
D) carriers are not eliminated by the disease before passing the defective alleles on to their offspring

Question 32

Is genetic diversity due entirely to inherited genes on the sex chromosomes?

A) Yes, because the female has two X chromosomes and the male has only one X chromosome.
B) Yes, because genetic diversity is due to the Y influence on the autosomes.
C) Yes, because the male has a Y chromosome.
D) No, because genetic diversity has nothing to do with the sex chromosomes but is due to crossing- over of chromosomes, independent assortment of chromosomes, and segregation of chromosomes.

Question 33

A couple whose blood types are A (IAi) and B (IBi) may have a child with which of the following blood types?

A) AB only
B) A or B only
C) AB or O only
D) A, B, AB, or O

Question 34

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What were the genotypes of the parental (P1) individuals?

Question 35

The X and Y chromosomes are considered the chromosomes.

Question 36

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What possible genotype(s) could the second- generation, fuzzy- longhaired individuals possess?

Question 37

A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best described as indicating .

A) phenotype
B) allelic pairs
C) recessive traits
D) genotype

Question 38

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
The second- generation types would have what phenotypes?

Question 39

A chromosomal aberration in which part of a chromosome is lost is known as .

A) inversion
B) crossing- over
C) translocation
D) deletion

Question 40

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
An allele that completely masks the expression of the other alleles is called .

Question 41

When two genes are on the same chromosome, they are considered linked.

Question 42

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
disease is a disorder of brain lipid metabolism and is an example of a recessive trait.

Question 43

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
How might carriers of deleterious genes be recognized?

Question 44

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Identify, by numbers, any other possible carriers.

Question 45

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Removing a sample of the fluid surrounding the fetus for the purpose of studying the chromosomes is a procedure called .

Question 46

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Is the trait sex- linked?

Question 47

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
The 23rd pair of human chromosomes are called chromosomes.

Question 48

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
Define karyotype.

Question 49

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What would the parental gametes be from a cross of two second- generation, straight- shorthaired individuals?

Question 50

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Is the trait dominant or recessive?

Question 51

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Identify, by numbers, any known carriers.

Question 52

Hemophilia is an X- linked condition caused by a recessive gene.

Question 53

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Describe briefly the three mechanisms that lead to genetic variability.

Question 54

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Are there any afflicted females?

Question 55

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
Observable characteristics expressed by the genes for a trait are called the .

Question 56

Figure 29.2
Use Figure 29.2 to answer the following:
Albinism is a good example of a(n) trait.

Question 57

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
A cross of two second- generation, straight- shorthaired individuals would yield what phenotype?

Question 58

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What is (are) the genotype(s) of the first- generation offspring?

Question 59

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What would be the gametes of the first- generation individuals?

Question 60

Among members of the Fuzzy Wuzzy tribe, we will consider two pairs of genes: F = fuzzy hair vs. f = straight hair, and T = long hair vs. t = short hair. A homozygous, straight- shorthaired male marries a homozygous, fuzzy- longhaired female (P1 generation). Their offspring (the F1 generation) intermarry and produce progeny (second generation) of four types:
fuzzy- longhaired, fuzzy- shorthaired, straight- longhaired, and straight- shorthaired. The results follow a standard dihybrid pattern.
What is (are) the phenotype(s) of the first- generation offspring?

Question 61

Environmentally produced phenotypes that mimic conditions that may be caused by genetic mutation are called phenocopies.

Question 62

Alleles may code for alternative expressions of a genetic trait.

Question 63

The expression of all physical traits is strictly due to the inheritance of specific genes.

Question 64

Most genetic disorders are inherited through dominant genes.

Question 65

Down syndrome is an example of nondisjunction of chromosomes.

Question 66

The term lethal dominant gene indicates that the gene causes death only when the individual is homozygous.

Question 67

Genetic segregation implies that the members of the allele pair determining each trait are distributed to different gametes during mitosis.

Question 68

Hereditary characteristics are transmitted to offspring by genes.

Question 69

It is possible for a baby to have type O blood if neither parent is type O.

Question 70

Delayed action genes can result in fatal diseases.

Question 71

The same allele can have a different effect depending on which parent it comes from.

Question 72

Small RNAs control the timing of programmed cell death during development.

Question 73

Normal vision is dictated by autosomal dominant genes.

Question 74

Mitochondrial genes are free of errors. As a result, all genetic problems are due exclusively to nuclear genes.

Question 75

A Punnett square is a diagram that may be used to figure out the possible combinations of genes for a trait.

Question 76

Some segments of the Y chromosome have no counterpart on the X chromosome.

Question 77

Genetic variation results from the crossing over and exchange of chromosomal parts that occur during meiosis II.

Question 78

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between that of homozygous- dominant and homozygous- recessive individuals.

Question 79

Suppose an XcXc female marries an XcY man. (a) What is the probability of producing a color- blind son? (b) What is the probability of producing a color- blind daughter? (c) What is the probability of producing a daughter who is a carrier for the color- blind gene? (d) What is the probability of having four sons in a row?

Question 80

In humans, farsightedness is inherited by possession of a dominant gene. If a man who is homozygous for normal vision (aa) marries a woman who is heterozygous for farsightedness, what proportion of their children would be expected to be farsighted?