Deck 18: The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?

A) ventricular filling
B) ventricular ejection
C) isovolumetric contraction
D) isovolumetric relaxation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it .

A) expands the thoracic cage
B) pumps a greater volume of blood
C) sends blood through a smaller valve
D) pumps blood against a greater resistance

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Damage to the is referred to as heart block.

A) AV valves
B) SA node
C) AV node
D) AV bundle

Answer 3

C

Question 4

During contraction of heart muscle cells .

A) the action potential is initiated by voltage- gated slow calcium channels
B) the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions
C) some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
D) calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated

Question 5

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.

A) The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B) The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.
C) The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
D) Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart.

Question 6

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.

A) The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.
B) Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate.
C) The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle.
D) The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

Question 7

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the .

A) coronary sinus
B) coronary arteries
C) fossa ovalis
D) coronary veins

Question 8

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

A) Ventricles are in diastole.
B) Ventricles are in systole.
C) Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.
D) AV valves are closed.

Question 9

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.

A) If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased.
B) Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.
C) A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
D) Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.

Question 10

During the period of ventricular filling .

A) it is represented by the P wave on the ECG
B) blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
C) pressure in the heart is at its peak
D) the atria remain in diastole

Question 11

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to .

A) pump blood with greater pressure
B) pump blood through a smaller valve
C) expand the thoracic cage during diastole
D) accommodate a greater volume of blood

Question 12

A foramen ovale .

A) connects the two atria in the fetal heart
B) is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
C) is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
D) is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus

Question 13

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that _.

A) the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
B) the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
C) the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
D) parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate

Question 14

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, .

A) heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present
B) potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur
C) tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle
D) threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

Question 15

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the .

A) left ventricle
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) right atrium

Question 16

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the .

A) fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple
B) second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
C) fifth right intercostal space
D) second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

Question 17

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, .

A) it would be less than 1-2 m
B) tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action
C) it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation
D) contractions would last as long as the refractory period

Question 18

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?

A) pulmonary arteries only
B) aorta only
C) pulmonary veins only
D) both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 19

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by .

A) causing a decrease in stroke volume
B) causing threshold to be reached more quickly
C) decreasing heart contractility
D) blocking the action of calcium

Question 20

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates .

A) atrial depolarization
B) ventricular depolarization
C) atrial repolarization
D) ventricular repolarization

Question 21

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
AV bundle.

Question 22

The valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae.

Question 23

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes _.

A) no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
B) no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
C) a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
D) a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

Question 24

Which of the following is not an age- related change affecting the heart?

A) atherosclerosis
B) fibrosis of cardiac muscle
C) decline in cardiac reserve
D) thinning of the valve flaps

Question 25

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a .

A) loss of blood from an artery
B) mild electrical shock to the heart itself
C) severe electrical shock to the body
D) relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing

Question 26

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle _ _.

A) lacks striations
B) has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
C) cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
D) has more nuclei per cell

Question 27

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the
Transient spasm of coronary arteries is _ _.

A) pericarditis
B) myocardial infarct
C) ischemia
D) angina pectoris

Question 28

Isovolumetric contraction _.

A) occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
B) refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
C) occurs while the AV valves are open
D) occurs only in people with heart valve defects

Question 29

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called .

A) cardiac tamponade
B) myocardial infarction
C) angina pectoris
D) pericarditis

Question 30

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

A) opening and closing of the heart valves
B) friction of blood against the chamber walls
C) closure of the heart valves
D) excitation of the SA node

Question 31

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.

A) The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
B) The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.
C) The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
D) Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.

Question 32

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?

A) gender
B) age
C) body temperature
D) skin color

Question 33

When heart valve replacement is required, the _ valve is the most likely valve that needs to be replaced.

Question 34

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

A) AV valve
B) SA node
C) bundle of His
D) AV node

Question 35

The tricuspid valve is closed .

A) while the atrium is contracting
B) while the ventricle is in diastole
C) when the ventricle is in systole
D) by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle

Question 36

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Left ventricle.

Question 37

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from
)

A) a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
B) decreased delivery of oxygen
C) a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
D) an inadequate supply of lactic acid

Question 38

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by
)

A) finding the papillary muscles
B) tracing out where the auricles connect
C) noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
D) locating the apex

Question 39

Explain autorhythmicity in cardiac muscle cells.

Question 40

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole?

A) pulmonary veins
B) pulmonary trunk
C) aorta
D) venae cavae

Question 41

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
The pacemaker rhythm that determines heart rate is called rhythm.

Question 42

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Pulmonary veins.

Question 43

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
AV node.

Question 44

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Right atrium.

Question 45

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Bundle branches.

Question 46

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
Normal sinus rhythm.

Question 47

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
What two important functions does the cardiac conduction system perform?

Question 48

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
What is the functional importance of the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle? What is the functional importance of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

Question 49

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Mitral valve.

Question 50

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Purkinje fibers.

Question 51

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
The ECG wave interval represents ventricular repolarization.

Question 52

What is the difference between the auricles and the atria?

Question 53

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Why is fibrosis of the cardiac muscle serious?

Question 54

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
Junctional rhythm.

Question 55

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
The layer of the serous pericardium covers the heart.

Question 56

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
Heart murmurs or rubs are considered to be sounds.

Question 57

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
Second- degree heart block.

Question 58

List and define the three most important factors that affect stroke volume.

Question 59

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
Why is oxygen so much more critical to the heart muscle than to skeletal muscles?

Question 60

Figure 18.4Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
Tricuspid valve.

Question 61

The left side of the heart pumps the same volume of blood as the right.

Question 62

Figure 18.1Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
SA node.

Question 63

Blood in the heart chambers provides some nutrients to the heart muscle cells.

Question 64

Arterial blood supply to heart muscle is continuous whether the heart is in systole or diastole.

Question 65

Tissues damaged by myocardial infarction are replaced by connective tissue.

Question 66

Define systole and diastole. Which heart chambers are usually referenced when these terms are used?

Question 67

Figure 18.2Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Ventricular repolarization.

Question 68

As pressure in the aorta rises due to atherosclerosis, more ventricular pressure is required to open the aortic valve.

Question 69

The heart is called a "double pump" because there are two functionally separate circulations. Trace the pathway of each of these circulations and include the following information: heart chambers involved, major blood vessels involved, and general areas through which the blood flows. Begin with the right atrium.

Question 70

Figure 18.3Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
Ventricular fibrillation.

Question 71

Auricles slightly increase blood volume in the ventricles.

Question 72

Define the terms end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) and relate them to the calculation of stroke volume.

Question 73

Chronic release of excess thyroxine can cause a sustained increase in heart rate and a weakened heart.

Question 74

Figure 18.2Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Point that represents the "dup" sound made by the heart.

Question 75

Figure 18.2Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Atrial depolarization.

Question 76

The "lub" sounds of the heart are valuable in diagnosis because they provide information about the function of the heart's pulmonary and aortic valves.

Question 77

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia is characterized by bursts of atrial contractions with little pause between them.

Question 78

Figure 18.2Using Figure 18.2, match the following:
Point after which pressure begins to rise in the aorta.

Question 79

Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria and depends less on a continual supply of oxygen than does skeletal muscle.

Question 80

Congestive heart failure means that the pumping efficiency of the heart is depressed so that there is inadequate delivery of blood to body tissues.