Deck 1: The Human Body: an Orientation

Question 1

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

A) Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally.
B) Positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed.
C) It is considered the cause of most diseases.
D) The internal environment is becoming more stable.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains .

A) a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances
B) the lowest possible energy usage
C) a static state with no deviation from preset points
D) a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

A) sagittal
B) frontal
C) transverse
D) median

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli?

A) nervous
B) muscular
C) immune
D) lymphatic

Question 5

The term pollex refers to the .

A) great toe
B) fingers
C) calf
D) thumb

Question 6

Which of the following would not be a functional characteristic of life?

A) maintenance of boundaries
B) responsiveness to external stimuli
C) movement
D) decay

Question 7

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of _ .

A) metabolism
B) responsiveness
C) maintaining boundaries
D) excretion of metabolic waste

Question 8

The single most abundant chemical substance of the body, accounting for 60% to 80% of body weight, is _ .

A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) water
D) protein

Question 9

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a(n) .

A) organ
B) complex cell
C) complex tissue
D) organ system

Question 10

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

A) cranial cavity
B) thoracic cavity
C) vertebral cavity
D) spinal cord

Question 11

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

A) liver
B) appendix
C) stomach
D) intestines

Question 12

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

A) pericardial, ventral, and thoracic
B) pleural, dorsal, and abdominal
C) mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral
D) pleural, ventral, and thoracic

Question 13

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called anatomy.

A) developmental
B) microscopic
C) gross
D) systemic

Question 14

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _ .

A) palms turned posteriorly
B) body erect
C) thumbs pointed laterally
D) arms at sides

Question 15

What is the main, general purpose of negative feedback?

A) to control body movement
B) to keep the body's blood sugar level high
C) to maintain homeostasis
D) to regulate excretion via the kidneys

Question 16

Histology would be best defined as a study of .

A) cells
B) the gross structures of the body
C) tissues
D) cell chemistry

Question 17

The posterior knee area is called .

A) popliteal
B) crural
C) sural
D) antecubital

Question 18

Average body temperature is _ degrees centigrade.

A) 98
B) 47
C) 37
D) 68

Question 19

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

A) nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction
B) water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement
C) nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen
D) nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction

Question 20

Which of the following imaging devices would best localize a tumor in a person's brain?

A) DSA
B) MRI
C) PET
D) X ray

Question 21

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to _.

A) indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system
B) sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them
C) the necessity for all organisms to reproduce
D) the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger

Question 22

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

A) Embryology: study of the changes in an individual from conception to birth.
B) Cytology: study of the structures in a particular region.
C) Gross anatomy: study of structures visible to the eye.
D) Microscopic anatomy: study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Question 23

The heart lies in the _ cavity.

A) pleural
B) superior mediastinal
C) dorsal
D) pericardial

Question 24

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex:
1) molecules
2) atoms
3) tissues
4) cells
5) organs

A) 1- 2- 4- 3- 5
B) 1- 2- 3- 4- 5
C) 2- 1- 4- 3- 5
D) 2- 1- 3- 4- 5

Question 25

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

A) any sagittal plane except in the midline
B) a transverse cut just above the knees
C) two cuts dividing the body into left and right halves
D) any cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 26

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

A) right lower quadrant
B) right upper quadrant
C) left upper quadrant
D) left lower quadrant

Question 27

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the _.

A) receptor
B) variable
C) effector
D) control center

Question 28

The cavities housing the eyes are called cavities.

A) frontal
B) orbital
C) cranial
D) nasal

Question 29

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

A) brain
B) intestines
C) lungs
D) liver

Question 30

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

A) Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart.
B) Serous membranes secrete a watery lubricating fluid.
C) Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a virtual space between the two.
D) Serosa are very thin, double- layered structures.

Question 31

An oblique cut is one that is cut .

A) diagonally between vertical and horizontal planes
B) perpendicular to vertical and horizontal planes
C) vertically right and left
D) horizontally superior and inferior

Question 32

What is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

A) regional
B) frontal
C) sagittal
D) transverse

Question 33

The anatomical position is used .

A) as a standard reference point for directional terms regardless of the actual position of the body
B) for proper placement of a patient or a cadaver upon an operating table in order to reach all major organs
C) only when a body is lying down one one's back rather than stomach
D) rarely, because people don't usually assume this position during waking moments

Question 34

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane .

A) lining the thoracic cavity
B) covering the heart
C) lining the abdominal cavity
D) covering individual lungs

Question 35

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

A) cardiovascular anatomy
B) cardiovascular physiology
C) systemic anatomy
D) systemic physiology

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true concerning feedback mechanisms?

A) Blood glucose levels are regulated by positive feedback mechanisms.
B) Positive feedback mechanisms always result in excessive damage to the host.
C) Negative feedback mechanisms work to prevent sudden severe changes within the body.
D) Negative feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus.

Question 37

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _ .

A) enhancement of labor contractions
B) blood calcium level regulation
C) regulating glucose levels in the blood
D) body temperature regulation

Question 38

Which of the following are subdivisions of anatomy?

A) regional, surface, visual, and microscopic
B) regional, systemic, and surface
C) gross, macroscopic, visual, and microscopic
D) gross, regional, dissection, and surface

Question 39

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the cavity.

A) dorsal
B) vertebral
C) ventral
D) cranial
E) thoracic

Question 40

Which term means toward or at the back of the body, behind?

A) dorsal
B) distal
C) anterior
D) lateral

Question 41

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
The heart is _ to the arm.

Question 42

What does gross anatomy study?

Question 43

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
The cavity contains tiny bones that transmit sound vibrations to the organ of hearing in the inner ear.

Question 44

What type of homeostatic feedback reflex is the withdrawal reflex?

Question 45

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Why is anatomical terminology necessary?

Question 46

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
physiology concerns urine production and kidney function.

Question 47

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Why must a normal body temperature be maintained in order for chemical reactions to be continued at life- sustaining rates?

Question 48

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Response.

Question 49

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
The higher we go in the mountains, the greater the atmospheric pressure, resulting in an increase in available oxygen. Comment on this statement.

Question 50

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
The term that describes the neck region is _ .

Question 51

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
is explained by chemical and physical principles and is concerned with the function of specific organs or organic systems.

Question 52

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
What is the goal of all of the negative feedback mechanisms of the body?

Question 53

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
Abdominal cavity.

Question 54

Select the most correct statement.

A) Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
B) Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
C) The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
D) The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system.

Question 55

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Stimulus.

Question 56

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
Vertebral cavity.

Question 57

What is the regional term for the hip region?

A) inguinal
B) manus
C) coxal
D) pedal

Question 58

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
Cranial cavity.

Question 59

What is a dynamic equilibrium of your internal environment termed?

Question 60

cavities are spaces within joints.

A) Nasal
B) Oral
C) Orbital
D) Synovial

Question 61

What is the serous membrane that covers the intestines called?

Question 62

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Output.

Question 63

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
What is the pathway between the receptor and the control center in the reflex pathway called?

Question 64

The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them is called .

Question 65

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Receptor.

Question 66

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Why are the abdominopelvic cavity organs the most vulnerable to blunt deceleration in an automobile accident with seat belts?

Question 67

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
What is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body?

Question 68

The term that describes the back of the elbow is .

Question 69

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Input.

Question 70

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
Fully describe the anatomical position for the human body.

Question 71

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
Similar cells that have a common function are called .

Question 72

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
What does the "principle of complementarity of structures and function" mean?

Question 73

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
Thoracic cavity.

Question 74

Figure 1.2Using Figure 1.2, match the following regions:
What is the function of the serous membranes?

Question 75

Figure 1.1Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities:
The five unique cavities of the head are cranial, oral, nasal, middle ear, and .

Question 76

Which cavity contains the bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum?

Question 77

What broad term covers all chemical reactions that occur within the body cells?

Question 78

Which body system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure?

Question 79

What can happen when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over?

Question 80

Can lungs carry out excretory functions? Explain your answer.