Deck 10: The Muscular System

Question 1

Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?

A) The movements produced may be of graded intensity.
B) The bones serve as levers.
C) Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.
D) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?

A) the type of muscle fibers
B) muscle shape
C) muscle location
D) the type of action they cause

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.

A) serratus anterior
B) zygomaticus
C) sternocleidomastoid
D) platysma

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?

A) a first- class lever
B) a third- class lever
C) a second- class lever
D) a fourth- class lever

Question 5

Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?

A) gluteus maximus
B) adductor magnus
C) vastus lateralis
D) tibialis posterior

Question 6

Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?

A) the vastus intermedius
B) the vastus lateralis
C) rectus femoris
D) the vastus medialis

Question 7

What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?

A) the shape
B) the length
C) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction
D) the number of neurons innervating it

Question 8

Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?

A) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
B) rectus abdominis and diaphragm
C) external intercostals and diaphragm
D) diaphragm alone

Question 9

Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?

A) the gastrocnemius
B) the semitendinosus
C) the sartorius
D) the tibialis anterior

Question 10

Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?

A) transversus abdominis
B) rectus abdominis
C) external oblique
D) internal oblique

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?

A) It draws the eyebrows together.
B) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
C) It closes the eye.
D) It pulls the lower lip down and back.

Question 12

The most powerful muscle in the body is the _ .

A) gluteus maximus
B) rectus abdominis
C) gastrocnemius
D) quadriceps femoris

Question 13

What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?

A) All names reflect direction of muscle fibers.
B) All act on the tongue.
C) All names indicate the relative size of the muscle.
D) Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.

Question 14

Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?

A) peroneus longus
B) tibialis anterior
C) extensor digitorum longus
D) peroneus tertius

Question 15

The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?

A) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction
B) to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi
C) to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
D) to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?

A) semimembranosus
B) biceps brachii
C) semitendinosus
D) vastus intermedius

Question 17

Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?

A) gastrocnemius and soleus
B) flexor digitorum longus
C) popliteus
D) tibialis posterior

Question 18

Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?

A) brachioradialis
B) gluteal muscles
C) hamstring muscles
D) soleus

Question 19

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?

A) masseter
B) buccinator
C) platysma
D) zygomaticus

Question 20

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?

A) gracilis
B) biceps femoris
C) semitendinosus
D) semimembranosus

Question 21

What is the major factor controlling how levers work?

A) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
B) the direction the load is being moved
C) the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever
D) the weight of the load

Question 22

If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the .

A) load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end
B) lever system is useless
C) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
D) effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum

Question 23

A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) .

A) synergist
B) agonist
C) antagonist
D) fixator

Question 24

Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?

A) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
B) They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing.
C) They are often called strap muscles.
D) They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.

Question 25

The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?

A) The muscle functions as a synergist.
B) The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.
C) The muscle elevates
D) The muscle flexes and rotates a region.

Question 26

Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?

A) soleus
B) vastus medialis
C) iliopsoas and rectus femoris
D) biceps femoris

Question 27

What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?

A) extensor hallucis longus
B) extensor digitorum longus
C) fibularis tertius
D) tibialis anterior

Question 28

Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?

A) hamstrings
B) quadricepts
C) thigh adductors
D) lateral rotators

Question 29

If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?

A) first- class lever
B) third- class lever
C) fourth- class lever
D) second- class lever

Question 30

A cute, little curly- haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?

A) stylohyoid
B) hyoglossus
C) genioglossus
D) orbicularis oris

Question 31

What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?

A) a synergist
B) an agonist
C) a fixator
D) an antagonist

Question 32

Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?

A) the frontal belly of the epicranius
B) the zygomaticus major
C) the temporalis
D) the medial pterygoid

Question 33

Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position?

A) the gastrocnemius
B) the sartorius
C) the quadriceps femoris
D) all of the hamstrings

Question 34

Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?

A) supraspinatus
B) teres minor
C) subscapularis
D) levator scapulae

Question 35

Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?

A) the scalenes
B) the splenius
C) the iliocostalis
D) the spinalis

Question 36

What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?

A) a prime mover
B) a synergist
C) an agonist
D) an antagonist

Question 37

When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?

A) The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively.
B) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
C) The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
D) The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?

A) internal intercostal
B) latissimus dorsi
C) external intercostal
D) diaphragm

Question 39

First- class levers .

A) are the type using joints forming the ball of the foot as formed in raising the body on the toes
B) are typified by tweezers or forceps
C) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
D) have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle

Question 40

What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?

A) dysfunctional levers
B) functional levers
C) speed levers
D) power levers

Question 41

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
A woman mentions to her friend that another person on the beach has "great abs." What is she talking about?

Question 42

How does an antagonist differ from a prime mover? How is it the same?

Question 43

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
Pectoralis minor.

Question 44

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
Rotates scapula.

Question 45

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Atlanto- occipital joint.

Question 46

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
First- class lever.

Question 47

Muscles that act as synergists seem to have valuable functions, especially in stabilizing joints. Briefly explain their function.

Question 48

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
The extends the great toe.

Question 49

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
Serratus anterior.

Question 50

Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?

A) the brachioradialis
B) the anconeus
C) the triceps brachii
D) the flexor digitorum profundus

Question 51

A wide receiver for a college football team pulled a hamstring muscle. What muscles could be affected and what would the effect be?

Question 52

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the .

Question 53

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
How can a lever system work at a disadvantage but still be of use to us?

Question 54

The helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.

Question 55

What are the components of a lever system? Describe the role of each component.

Question 56

is a powerful forearm extensor.

Question 57

The runs deep to the external oblique.

Question 58

The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a .

Question 59

The tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.

Question 60

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
Teres major muscle.

Question 61

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
Retract scapula.

Question 62

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
Coracobrachialis.

Question 63

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
Sternocleidomastoid

Question 64

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Humerus-ulna joint.

Question 65

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
What muscles are involved in biting and chewing an apple?

Question 66

Figure 10.2Using Figure 10.2, match the following:
Deltoid

Question 67

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Bodybuilders are known for their "great quads." Describe the quadriceps muscles.

Question 68

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Tibia-calcaneus joint.

Question 69

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
The is known as the boxer muscle.

Question 70

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
The action of lifting a shovel of snow.

Question 71

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
Levator scapulae.

Question 72

The is the main chewing muscle.

Question 73

Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.

Question 74

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
Trapezius muscle.

Question 75

The is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.

Question 76

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
An elderly woman, with extensive osteoarthritis of her left hip joint, entered the hospital to have a total hip joint replacement (prosthesis implantation). After surgery, her left hip had to be maintained in abduction to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis while healing was occurring. Physical therapy was prescribed to prevent atrophy of the adductor muscles during the interval of disuse. Name the adductor muscles and describe the action of each that was being prevented while the hip was adducted.

Question 77

Figure 10.3Using Figure 10.3, match the following:
The latissimus dorsi.

Question 78

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Which muscle is used for normal breathing and which additional muscles are used when performing strenuous exercise?

Question 79

Figure 10.1Using Figure 10.1, match the following:
Second- class lever.

Question 80

Damage to the ischiocavernosus muscle would have what effect?