Deck 11: Probability

Question 1

Solve the problem.
Two coins are tossed 20 times and the number of tails is observed.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Estimate the indicated probability.
The Amboy Kennel Club has held an annual dog show for the last 30 years. During this time the
Winner of ʺBest of Showʺ has been an Alaskan Malamute 15 times, a Great Pyrenees 3 times, and
An Siberian Husky 12 times. Determine the empirical probability that the next winner of ʺBest of
Showʺ will be a Siberian Husky.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Solve the problem.
Three coins are tossed 80 times and the number of heads is observed.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Answer the question.
How would you find the empirical probability of getting a red card, if you are choosing a card
From an ordinary deck of 52 cards?

A) Choose a card from a deck of 52 cards 2 times and then find the relative frequency of red cards. This would be done by dividing the number of times a red card has occurred by 2.
B) The empirical probability cannot be determined.
C) Choose a card from a deck of 52 cards many times and then find the relative frequency of red cards. This would be done by dividing the number of times a red card has occurred by the
Total number of times a card was chosen.
D) Choose a card from a deck of 52 cards 52 times and then find the relative frequency of red cards. This would be done by dividing the number of times a red card has occurred by 52.

Question 5

Solve the problem.
An employment agency required 20 secretarial candidates to type the same manuscript. The
Number of errors found in each manuscript is summarized in the histogram. Find the empirical
Probability that a candidate has less than four errors in the typed manuscript.

Question 6

Answer the question.

D) Yes.

Question 7

Solve the problem.
A die is rolled 50 times with the following results.

Question 8

Estimate the indicated probability.
The table shows the number of college students who prefer a given pizza topping. Determine the empirical probability that a freshmen prefers cheese toppings. Round to the nearest
Thousandth.

A) 0.073
B) 0.407
C) 0.211
D) 0.296

Question 9

Solve the problem.
A pair of fair dice is rolled 50 times and the sum of the dots on the faces is noted.

Question 10

Estimate the indicated probability.
The Amboy Kennel Club has held an annual dog show for the last 48 years. During this time the
Winner of ʺBest of Showʺ has been an Alaskan Malamute 24 times, a Great Pyrenees 3 times, and
An Siberian Husky 21 times. Determine the empirical probability that the next winner of ʺBest of
Showʺ will be a Great Pyrenees.

Question 11

Answer the question.

Question 12

Estimate the indicated probability.
The table shows the number of college students who prefer a given pizza topping. Determine the empirical probability that a student prefers cheese toppings. Round to the nearest
Thousandth.

A) 0.107
B) 0.301
C) 0.356
D) 0.322

Question 13

Estimate the indicated probability.
The Amboy Kennel Club has held an annual dog show for the last 12 years. During this time the
Winner of ʺBest of Showʺ has been an Alaskan Malamute 6 times, a Great Pyrenees 3 times, and an
Siberian Husky 3 times. Determine the empirical probability that the next winner of ʺBest of Showʺ
Will be an Alaskan Malamute.

Question 14

Estimate the indicated probability.
The table shows the number of college students who prefer a given pizza topping. Determine the empirical probability that a junior prefers meat toppings. Round to the nearest
Thousandth.

A) 0.319
B) 0.067
C) 0.200
D) 0.241

Question 15

Estimate the indicated probability.
The table shows the number of college students who prefer a given pizza topping. Determine the empirical probability that a student prefers meat toppings. Round to the nearest
Thousandth.

A) 0.327
B) 0.324
C) 0.109
D) 0.336

Question 16

Solve the problem.
A die is rolled 100 times with the following results.

Question 17

Solve the problem.
This spinner is spun 36 times. The spinner landed on A 1 time, on B 4 times, and on C 31 times.
Compute the empirical probability that the spinner will land on B.

Question 18

Answer the question.
In order to determine premiums, life insurance companies must compute the probable date of
Death. They have determined that Carl LaFong, age 33, is expected to live another 45.7 years. Does
This mean that Carl will live until he is 78.7 years old? If not, what does it mean?

A) No, it means that Carl will live to be 78.7 years old, give or take a week.
B) Yes.
C) No, it means that for a large group of persons with the same risk factors as Carl, the average age at death would be approximately 78.7 years old.
D) No, it means that for a large group of persons with the same risk factors as Carl, at least one person would live to an age of exactly 78.7 years old.

Question 19

Answer the question.
How you would find the empirical probability of rolling a 5 on a die?

A) Roll a die 1 time and then find the relative frequency of rolling a 5. The relative frequency would be obtained by dividing the number of times a 5 has occurred by 1.
B) Roll a die many times and then find the relative frequency of rolling a 5. The relative frequency would be obtained by dividing the number of times a 5 has occurred by the total
Number of times the die was tossed.
C) The empirical probability cannot be determined.
D) Roll a die 6 times and then find the relative frequency of rolling a 5. The relative frequency would be obtained by dividing the number of times a 5 has occurred by 6.

Question 20

Estimate the indicated probability.
A survey was done at a mall in which 5000 customers were asked what type of credit card they
Used most often. The results of the survey are shown in the figure below:
Determine the empirical probability that a person selected at random from the 5000 surveyed uses
Mastercard. Round to the nearest thousandth when necessary.

A) 0.345
B) 1.059
C) 0.358
D) 0.0358

Question 21

Estimate the indicated probability.
Determine the probability that the spinner lands on white.

Question 22

Estimate the indicated probability.
A bag contains 19 balls numbered 1 through 19. What is the probability of selecting a ball that has
An even number?

Question 23

Estimate the indicated probability.
If a person is randomly selected, find the probability that his or her birthday is in May. Ignore leap
Years. Assume that all days of the year are equally likely for a given birth.

Question 24

Estimate the indicated probability.
One digit from the number 4,161,881 is written on each of seven cards. What is the probability of
Drawing a card that shows 4 or 8?

Question 25

Estimate the indicated probability.
A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling an odd number or a number less than 3?

Question 26

Estimate the indicated probability.
A fair die is rolled. What is the probability of rolling a 3 or a 6?

Question 27

Estimate the indicated probability.
Two fair 6-sided dice are rolled. What is the probability the sum of the two numbers on the dice is
3?

Question 28

Estimate the indicated probability.
When two balanced dice are rolled, there are 36 possible outcomes. Find the probability that the
Sum is a multiple of 3 or greater than 6.

Question 29

Estimate the indicated probability.
A lottery game has balls numbered 1 through 19. What is the probability of selecting an even
Numbered ball or a 12?

Question 30

Estimate the indicated probability.
Determine the probability that the spinner lands on white.

Question 31

Estimate the indicated probability.
A bag contains 7 red marbles, 2 blue marbles, and 9 green marbles. What is the probability of
Choosing a blue marble?

Question 32

Estimate the indicated probability.
A card is drawn at random from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of
Drawing a face card or a 3?

Question 33

Estimate the indicated probability.
One digit from the number 7,868,558 is written on each of seven cards. What is the probability of
Drawing a card that shows 5?

Question 34

Estimate the indicated probability.
When two balanced dice are rolled, there are 36 possible outcomes. Find the probability that either
Doubles are rolled or the sum of the dice is 6.

Question 35

Estimate the indicated probability.
A class consists of 54 women and 88 men. If a student is randomly selected, what is the probability
That the student is a woman?

Question 36

Estimate the indicated probability.
When two balanced dice are rolled, there are 36 possible outcomes. What is the probability that the
Sum of the numbers on the dice is 6 or 9?

Question 37

Estimate the indicated probability.
Determine the probability that the spinner lands on grey.

Question 38

Estimate the indicated probability.
Determine the probability that the spinner lands on black.

Question 39

Estimate the indicated probability.
A survey was done at a mall in which 2000 customers were asked what type of credit card they
Used most often. The results of the survey are shown in the figure below:
Determine the empirical probability that a person selected at random from the 2000 surveyed uses
No card. Round to the nearest ten-thousandth when necessary.

A) 0.05
B) 0.0005
C) 0.005
D) 0.025

Question 40

Estimate the indicated probability.
A spinner has regions numbered 1 through 21. What is the probability that the spinner will stop on
An even number or a multiple of 3?

Question 41

Estimate the indicated probability.
A bag contains 8 red marbles, 2 blue marbles, and 1 green marble. What is the probability of
Choosing a marble that is not blue?

Question 42

Estimate the indicated probability.
The chart below gives the number of vehicle tags sold in each city. One car is selected at random from the cars with vehicle tags from these cities. What is the
Probability that this car is from Salem? Round to the nearest ten-thousandth.

A) 0.2119
B) 0.1593
C) 0.1553
D) 0.1374

Question 43

Estimate the indicated probability.
What are the odds in favor of spinning a D on this spinner?

A) 1:7
B) 5:1
C) 6:1
D) 1:6

Question 44

Estimate the indicated probability.
What are the odds in favor of drawing an even number from these cards?

A) 3:2
B) 2:5
C) 5:2
D) 2:3

Question 45

Estimate the indicated probability.
The distribution of B.A. degrees conferred by a local college is listed below, by major. What is the probability that a randomly selected degree is not in Mathematics? Round to the
Nearest thousandth.

A) 0.768
B) 0.682
C) 0.303
D) 0.232

Question 46

Estimate the indicated probability.
A number cube labeled with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 is tossed. What are the odds in favor of the
Cube showing a 4?

A) 1:5
B) 1:6
C) 2:3
D) 1:4

Question 47

Estimate the indicated probability.
A card is drawn at random from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability that the card is an
Ace or not a club.

Question 48

Estimate the indicated probability.
A card is drawn at random from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability that the card is
Neither an ace nor a heart.

Question 49

Estimate the indicated probability.
If a person is randomly selected, find the probability that his or her birthday is not in May. Ignore
Leap years.

Question 50

Estimate the indicated probability.
One card is selected from a deck of cards. Find the probability that the card selected is greater than
2 and less than 7.

Question 51

Estimate the indicated probability.
What are the odds in favor of drawing a 5 from these cards?

A) 5:1
B) 1:5
C) 4:1
D) 1:4

Question 52

Estimate the indicated probability.
What are the odds in favor of drawing a number greater than 2 from these cards?

A) 3:2
B) 3:5
C) 4:5
D) 4:1

Question 53

Estimate the indicated probability.
What are the odds in favor of spinning an A on this spinner?

A) 6:2
B) 4:2
C) 2:6
D) 3:5

Question 54

Estimate the indicated probability.
A fair die is rolled. Find the probability that the number obtained is not greater than 4.

Question 55

Estimate the indicated probability.
The kings are separated from a deck of standard playing cards and shuffled. One king is randomly
Selected. What are the odds in favor of drawing a black card?

A) 1 to 2B)1 to 4C)4 to 1D)1 to 1

Question 56

Estimate the indicated probability.
A number cube labeled with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 is tossed. What are the odds in favor of the
Cube showing a number less than 3?

A) 1:2
B) 2:1
C) 1:1
D) 1:3

Question 57

Estimate the indicated probability.
The chart below gives the cost and number of vehicle tags sold in each city. One car is selected at random from the cars with vehicle tags from these cities. What is the
Probability that this car has a vehicle tag that cost less than $10? Round to the nearest
Ten-thousandth when necessary.

A) 0.6608
B) 0.3836
C) 0.3392
D) 0.6164

Question 58

Estimate the indicated probability.
A number cube labeled with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 is tossed. What are the odds in favor of the
Cube showing an odd number?

A) 3:2
B) 1:2
C) 1:1
D) 2:1

Question 59

Estimate the indicated probability.
Two fair dice are rolled. Find the probability that the sum of the two numbers is not greater than 5.

Question 60

Estimate the indicated probability.
A card is drawn at random from a standard 52-card deck. Find the probability that the card is not
A queen.

Question 61

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of Jerome beating his friend in a round of golf are 1 : 7. Find the probability that
Jerome will beat his friend.

Question 62

Solve the problem.
In a certain town, 25% of people commute to work by bicycle. If a person is selected randomly
From the town, what are the odds against selecting someone who commutes by bicycle?

A) 1 to 3B)3 to 4C)4to 1D)3 to 1

Question 63

Solve the problem.
The odds against Muffy beating her friend in a round of golf are 1 : 6. Find the probability that
Muffy will lose.

A) 18
B) 17
C) 27
D) 67

Question 64

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of a horse winning a race are posted as 8 : 7. Find the probability that the horse
Will lose the race.

Question 65

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of a horse winning a race are posted as 4 : 3. Find the probability that the horse
Will win the race.

Question 66

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of Carl beating his friend in a round of golf are 9 : 2. Find the probability that
Carl will beat his friend.

Question 67

Solve the problem.
In a certain town, 5% of people commute to work by bicycle. If a person is selected randomly from
The town, what are the odds in favor of selecting someone who commutes by bicycle?

A) 19 to 1B)20 to 19
C) 1 to 19
D) 1 to 20

Question 68

Solve the problem.
If it has been determined that the probability of an earthquake occurring on a certain day in a
Certain area is 0.01, what are the odds against an earthquake?

A) 100 to 1B)98 to 1C)99to 1D)1 to 100

Question 69

Estimate the indicated probability.
Seven slips of paper marked with the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are placed in a box and mixed
Well. Two are drawn. What are the odds in favor of the sum of the numbers on the two selected
Slips is not 6?

A) 9 to 1B)21 to 2C)19 to 2D)19 to 1

Question 70

Solve the problem.
If it has been determined that the probability of an earthquake occurring on a certain day in a
Certain area is 0.01, what are the odds in favor of an earthquake?

A) 1 to 98
B) 1 to 99
C) 1 to 100
D) 99 to 1

Question 71

Solve the problem.
If the probability that an identified hurricane will make a direct hit on a certain stretch of beach is
0)04, what are the odds in favor of a direct hit?

A) 1 to 23
B) 24 to 1C)1 to 25
D) 1 to 24

Question 72

Solve the problem.
The odds against Chip beating his friend in a round of golf are 1 : 6. Find the probability that Chip
Will beat his friend.

Question 73

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of Trudy beating her friend in a round of golf are 1 : 7. Find the probability that
Trudy will lose.

Question 74

Solve the problem.
The results of a medical test show that of 75 people selected at random who were given the test, 3
Tested positive and 72 tested negative. Determine the odds in favor of a person selected at random
Testing positive on the test.

A) 1 : 24
B) 24 : 1C)25: 1D)1 : 25

Question 75

Solve the problem.
Suppose you buy 1 ticket for $1 out of a lottery of 1,000 tickets where the prize for the one winning
Ticket is to be $500. What are your expected winnings?

A) -$0.40
B) -$0.50
C) -$1.00
D) $0.00

Question 76

Solve the problem.
The odds in favor of Carl beating his friend in a round of golf are 8 : 5. Find the probability that
Carl
Will lose.

Question 77

Solve the problem.

-The chart shows winnings, in dollars, for the 10 highest-rated FASTCAR drivers for last driving Season. $$\begin{array} { l | l } \text { Driver } & \text { Winnings } \\\hline \text { Rick Bobby } & \$ 6,320,849 \\\text { Maverick St. Joseph } & \$ 5,198,600 \\\text { Johnny Wright } & \$ 2,140,478 \\\text { Jay Smith } & \$ 4,606,127 \\\text { William Rock } & \$ 2,951,951 \\\text { Bob Ricky } & \$ 4,020,078 \\\text { Jimmy Novak } & \$ 4,420,069 \\\text { Tommy Keefe } & \$ 5,501,450 \\\text { Tyler Jones } & \$ 3,153,196\end{array}$$
If one of the drivers listed in the chart is selected at random, determine the odds against the driver Earning more than $4 million last season.

A) 9 : 3
B)3 : 6
C)6: 3
D)3 : 9

Question 78

Solve the problem.
The odds against Carl beating his friend in a round of golf are 8 : 5. Find the probability that Carl
Will lose.

Question 79

Solve the problem.
The odds against Carl beating his friend in a round of golf are 9 : 5. Find the probability that Carl
Will beat his friend.

Question 80

Solve the problem.
If the probability that an identified hurricane will make a direct hit on a certain stretch of beach is
0)02, what are the odds against a direct hit?

A) 1 to 50
B) 50 to 1C)49to 1D)48 to 1