Deck 21: Filtration, Urine Formation, and Fluid Regulation

Question 1

Which of the following autoregulatory mechanisms of renal blood flow is the most important?

A) Afferent vasodilator mechanism
B) Efferent vasodilator mechanism
C) GFR
D) Juxtaglomerular mechanism

Answer 1

Afferent vasodilator mechanism

Question 2

Which of the following substances are almost totally reabsorbed from the tubules?
I.Sodium
II.Potassium
III.Chloride
IV.Bicarbonate

A) I, II
B) II, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III

Answer 2

I, II, III, IV

Question 3

Under the influence of ADH, what type of urine is excreted by the kidneys?

A) Low volume, low concentration
B) Low volume, high concentration
C) High volume, low concentration
D) High volume, high concentration

Answer 3

Low volume, high concentration

Question 4

Which of the following are structures that help compose the nephron?
I.Bowman's capsule
II.Proximal convoluted tubule
III.Loop of Henle
IV.Collecting duct

A) I, II, III
B) I, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III

Question 5

Which of the following are considered substances that are eliminated by the kidneys?
I.Hemoglobin
II.Urea
III.Creatinine
IV.Bilirubin

A) I, II, III
B) III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III, IV

Question 6

Which of the following substances, when excessive, does the nephron clear from the plasma?
I.Sodium
II.Potassium
III.Chloride
IV.Calcium

A) I, II, III
B) III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III, IV

Question 7

Why would a patient on mechanical ventilation have a rapid weight gain?

A) Lack of motility slows the metabolic rate.
B) Positive pressure ventilation decreases venous return, decreases blood pressure, and stimulates renin-angiotensin-aldosterone.
C) Positive pressure ventilation forces fluid into the third space.
D) Positive pressure ventilation increases venous return and stimulates release of antidiuretic hormone.

Question 8

Glomerular filtrate is the same as plasma except it does not contain which of the following?

A) Calcium
B) Proteins
C) Hydrogen ions
D) Potassium

Question 9

Which of the following is a diuretic that is effective and quick-acting in treating edema of congestive heart failure?

A) Mannitol
B) Furosemide
C) Hydrochlorothiazide
D) Acetazolamide

Question 10

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

A) 1%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 99%

Question 11

Which of the following hormones inhibit the effects of aldosterone?
I.ANH
II.BNP
III.ADH
IV.Cortisol

A) I, II
B) II, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an osmotic diuretic?

A) Mannitol
B) Furosemide
C) Hydrochlorothiazide
D) Acetazolamide

Question 13

Which of the following is the best clinical indicator of perfusion adequacy?

A) Skin color
B) Blood pressure
C) Heart rate
D) Urine output

Question 14

Which of the following is the main factor determining the degree of filtration across the glomerular membrane?

A) Glomerular blood's oncotic pressure
B) Glomerular blood's hydrostatic pressure
C) Tubular hydrostatic pressure
D) Tubular oncotic pressure

Question 15

Which of the following substances is secreted at the juxtaglomerular apparatus when systemic blood pressure decreases?

A) Renin
B) Angiotensin
C) Aldosterone
D) Vasopressin

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a loop diuretic?

A) Mannitol
B) Furosemide
C) Hydrochlorothiazide
D) Acetazolamide

Question 17

Which of the following parts of the nephron is highly impermeable to water?

A) Thin portion of the loop of Henle
B) Thick portion of the loop of Henle
C) Proximal tubule
D) Distal tubule