Deck 23: Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise in Health and Disease

Question 1

The maximum ventilation that can be voluntarily sustained for 15 minutes or longer corresponds to what percentage of the normal MVV in normal people?

A) 80% to 100%
B) 80% to 90%
C) 55% to 80%
D) 20% to 55%

Answer 1

55% to 80%

Question 2

In a comparison of physically fit and unfit people, which of the following statements are true?
I.The maximum heart rates of physically fit and unfit people of the same age are considerably different.
II.The maximum heart rates of physically fit and unfit people of the same age are the same.
III.Physically conditioned and unconditioned people performing the same amounts of work consume the same amounts of oxygen.
IV.The VO₂ is linearly related to the work rate regardless of conditioning, age, or gender.

A) II, III, IV
B) I, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) I, II, III

Answer 2

II, III, IV

Question 3

What happens to oxygen diffusion capacity with exercise?

A) It remains stable.
B) It almost doubles.
C) It almost triples.
D) It decreases.

Answer 3

It almost triples.

Question 4

Which of the following terms describes a measure of the heart's efficiency in terms of oxygen delivered or consumed?

A) Oxygen transfer
B) Oxygen pulse
C) Oxygen delivery
D) Oxygen consumption

Question 5

What is the name of the process for determining the resting energy expenditure and caloric nutritional needs in critically ill patients?

A) Oxygen transport studies
B) Caloric work rate
C) CO₂ production rate
D) Indirect calorimetry

Question 6

Which of the following is significantly different between fit and unfit people?

A) Heart rate
B) Stroke volume
C) Coronary blood flow
D) Heart conduction

Question 7

During heavy exercise of short duration, the body consumes most of the stored oxygen from which of the following sources?
I.Lungs
II.Blood
III.Muscle fibers
IV.Coronaries

A) I, II
B) I, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) I, II, III

Question 8

Which of the following are the major energy sources for ATP synthesis?
I.Carbohydrates
II.Fats
III.Amino acids
IV.Proteins

A) I, II, IV
B) III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III

Question 9

Which of the following is the formula used to calculate the predicted maximum heart rate for adults?

A) HRmax = 320 - Age (years)
B) HRmax = 220 - Age (years)
C) HRmax = 120 - Age (years)
D) HRmax = 200 - Age (years)

Question 10

Which of the following is the source of energy for skeletal muscle contraction?

A) AMP
B) ATP
C) Glucose
D) Calcium

Question 11

What does an increase in the blood lactic acid indicate?

A) Tissue hyperoxia
B) Aerobic metabolism
C) Hypoxemia
D) Anaerobic metabolism

Question 12

The VD/VT falls to approximately what level during exercise?

A)0.3 to 0.4
B)0.2 to 0.3
C)0.15 to 0.2
D)0.05 to 0.1

Question 13

In normal individuals, oxygen delivery to the tissues depends entirely on which of the following factors?

A) Increase in heart rate
B) Increase in SV
C) Increase in cardiac output
D) Increase in Hb

Question 14

Which of the following measurements can be obtained with a metabolic cart?
I.Inhaled oxygen concentration
II.Tidal volume
III.Respiratory rate
IV.Minute ventilation

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) II, III

Question 15

When does the anaerobic threshold occur?

A) At approximately 50% to 65% of the body's maximum oxygen consumption
B) At approximately 65% to 70% of the body's maximum oxygen consumption
C) At approximately 70% to 75% of the body's maximum oxygen consumption
D) At approximately 75% to 80% of the body's maximum oxygen consumption

Question 16

What is the respiratory exchange ratio?

A) The ratio between carbon dioxide uptake and oxygen elimination
B) The ratio between carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen uptake
C) The ratio between carbon dioxide elimination and oxygen elimination
D) The ratio between oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination

Question 17

What is the respiratory quotient?

A) The ratio of carbon dioxide molecules produced to oxygen molecules consumed by the tissues
B) The ratio of carbon dioxide molecules consumed by the tissues to oxygen molecules produced
C) The ratio of carbon dioxide molecules produced to oxygen molecules produced
D) The ratio of oxygen molecules consumed by the tissues to carbon dioxide molecules produced

Question 18

During heavy exercise, which of the following are common respiratory effects?
I.VE may grow as high as 150 L/min.
II.The respiratory rate approximately triples.
III.The tidal volume increases approximately sixfold.
IV.The tidal volume does not change.

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) II, III, IV
D) I, II, III

Question 19

Which of the following statements apply to VE?
I.Normal people increase VE by raising both the tidal volume and respiratory rate.
II.Early in exercise a higher tidal volume produces most of the increase in VE.
III.Early in exercise a respiratory rate produces most of the increase in VE.
IV.After approximately 60% to 70% of the vital capacity is reached, tidal volume plateaus, and increased respiratory rate is responsible for additional VE increases.

A) I, II
B) I, III, IV
C) I, II, III, IV
D) I, II, IV

Question 20

Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for increasing cardiac output after SV has reached its maximum value?

A) Heart rate
B) Force of contraction
C) Venous return
D) Vascular resistance

Question 21

For endurance training such as walking or bicycling, which of the following describes the required exercise intensity?
I.It should be high enough to produce a heart rate greater than 60% of the predicted maximum heart rate.
II.It should be high enough to produce a heart rate less than 80% of the predicted maximum heart rate.
III.It should be high enough to produce a heart rate greater than 40% of the predicted maximum heart rate.
IV.It should be high enough to produce a heart rate less than 60% of the predicted maximum heart rate.

A) I, II
B) III, IV
C) I, III
D) I, IV

Question 22

Which of the following is the major ventilatory limiting factor in severely obstructed individuals?

A) Inability to eliminate carbon dioxide
B) Inability to make oxygen available to the tissues
C) Inability to reach ventilation limits
D) Inability to increase HbO₂

Question 23

Which of the following is the limiting factor to increasing tidal volume during exercise in patients with restrictive pulmonary disease?

A) Increased RV
B) Decreased FEV₁
C) Small FVC
D) Small IC

Question 24

Which of the following types of exercises is necessary to increase the heart's muscle mass and pumping effectiveness?

A) Short, low energy
B) Endurance
C) Long, high energy
D) Anaerobic