Deck 19: Statistical Applications in Quality Management

Question 1

Variation due to the inherent variability in a system of operation is called

A) special or assignable causes.
B) common or chance causes.
C) explained variation.
D) the standard deviation.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

SCENARIO 19-2
Referring to Scenario 19-2, which expression best characterizes the p chart?

A) In-control
B) Increasing trend
C) Decreasing trend
D) Individual outliers

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Variation signaled by individual fluctuations or patterns in the data is called

A) special or assignable causes.
B) common or chance causes.
C) explained variation.
D) the standard deviation.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Production times is in-control.What is the lower control limit for this R chart?

A) 4.84
B) 3.37
C) 2.98
D) 1.34

Question 5

One of the morals of the red bead experiment is:

A) variation is part of the process.
B) only management can change the system.
C) it is the system that primarily determines performance.
D) All of the above.

Question 6

SCENARIO 19-2
Referring to Scenario 19-2, what is the numerical value of the upper control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.92
B) 0.89
C) 0.71
D) 0.62

Question 7

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Production times is in-control.What is the upper control limit for this R chart?

A) 10.66
B) 9.37
C) 7.98
D) 6.34

Question 8

Once the control limits are set for a control chart, one attempts to

A) discern patterns that might exist in values over time.
B) determine whether any points fall outside the control limits.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 9

SCENARIO 19-1
Referring to Scenario 19-1, what is the numerical value of the lower control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.920
B) 0.911
C) 0.815
D) 0.798

Question 10

SCENARIO 19-2
Referring to Scenario 19-2, what is the numerical value of the lower control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.37
B) 0.41
C) 0.50
D) 0.71

Question 11

The control chart

A) focuses on the time dimension of a system.
B) captures the natural variability in the system.
C) can be used for categorical, discrete, or continuous variables.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

A process is said to be out of control if

A) a point falls above the upper or below the lower control lines.
B) eight or more consecutive points fall above the center line or eight or more consecutive points fall below the center line.
C) Either of the above.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following situations suggests a process that appears to be operating in a state of
Statistical control?

A) A control chart with a series of consecutive points that are above the center line and a series of consecutive points that are below the center line.
B) A control chart in which no points fall outside either the upper control limit or the lower control limit and no patterns are present.
C) A control chart in which several points fall outside the upper control limit.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

SCENARIO 19-1
Referring to Scenario 19-1, which expression best characterizes the p chart?

A) Cycles
B) Increasing trend
C) In-control
D) Individual outliers

Question 15

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Production times is in-control.What is the center line of this R chart?

A) 4.8
B) 6.0
C) 6.9
D) 7.1

Question 16

SCENARIO 19-2
Referring to Scenario 19-2, what is the numerical value of the center line for the p chart?

A) 0.53
B) 0.56
C) 0.63
D) 0.66

Question 17

SCENARIO 19-1
Referring to Scenario 19-1, what is the numerical value of the upper control limit for the p chart?

A) 0.926
B) 0.961
C) 0.979
D) 1.037

Question 18

Which of the following situations suggests a process that appears to be operating out of statistical
Control?

A) A control chart with a series of consecutive points that are above the center line and a series of consecutive points that are below the center line.
B) A control chart in which points fall outside the lower control limit.
C) A control chart in which several points fall outside the upper control limit.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

The principal focus of the control chart is the attempt to separate special or assignable causes of
Variation from common causes of variation.Which causes of variation can be reduced only by
Changing the system?

A) Special or assignable causes
B) Common causes
C) Total causes
D) None of the above

Question 20

SCENARIO 19-1
Referring to Scenario 19-1, what is the numerical value of the center line for the p chart?

A) 0.926
B) 0.911
C) 0.885
D) 0.500

Question 21

True or False: Changes in the system to reduce common cause variation are the responsibility of
management.

Question 22

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an chart to see if the production
Process is in-control.What is the lower control limit (LCL)for this chart?

A) 47.60
B) 56.15
C) 57.15
D) 58.05

Question 23

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an chart to see if the production
Process is in-control.Which expression best describes this chart?

A) In-control
B) Increasing trend
C) Decreasing trend
D) Individual outliers

Question 24

True or False: Common causes of variation represent variation due to the inherent variability in
the system.

Question 25

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an chart to see if the production
Process is in-control.What is the upper control limit (UCL)for this chart?

A) 62.15
B) 60.95
C) 59.85
D) 58.75

Question 26

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an chart to see if the process is
In-control.Which expression best describes this chart?

A) Decreasing trend
B) In-control
C) Increasing trend
D) Individual outliers

Question 27

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the sample mean and range data were based on 11
Observations per day instead of 10.How would this change affect the lower and upper control
Limits of the R chart?

A) LCL would increase; UCL would decrease.
B) LCL would remain the same; UCL would decrease.
C) Both LCL and UCL would remain the same.
D) LCL would decrease; UCL would increase.

Question 28

True or False: Common causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

Question 29

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the sample mean and range data were based on 6
Observations per hour instead of 5.How would this change affect the lower and upper control
Limits of an R chart?

A) LCL would increase; UCL would decrease.
B) LCL would remain the same; UCL would decrease.
C) Both LCL and UCL would remain the same.
D) LCL would decrease; UCL would increase.

Question 30

True or False: One of the morals of the red bead experiment is that variation is part of any
process.

Question 31

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Collection times is in-control.What are the lower and upper control limits for this R chart?

A) - 2.33, 43.13
B) - 2.28, 42.28
C) 0, 42.28
D) 0, 43.13

Question 32

True or False: The purpose of a control chart is to eliminate common cause variation.

Question 33

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Collection times is in-control.This R chart is characterized by which of the following?

A) Decreasing trend
B) Increasing trend
C) In-control
D) Individual outliers

Question 34

True or False: Special or assignable causes of variation are signaled by individual fluctuations or
patterns in the data.

Question 35

True or False: The control limits are based on the standard deviation of the process.

Question 36

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Collection times is in-control.What is the center line of this R chart?

A) 20.00
B) 20.56
C) 20.40
D) 24.00

Question 37

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an chart to see if the process is
In-control.What are the lower and upper control limits of this chart?

A) 10.00, 30.00
B) 8.49, 32.03
C) 5.39, 35.13
D) 4.96, 35.56

Question 38

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an R chart to see if the variability in
Production times is in-control.The R chart is characterized by which of the following?

A) Increasing trend
B) Decreasing trend
C) In-control
D) Points outside the control limits

Question 39

SCENARIO 19-4 She also decides that lower and upper specification limit for the critical-to-quality variable should be
10 and 30 seconds, respectively.
Referring to Scenario 19-4, suppose the supervisor constructs an chart to see if the process is
In-control.What is the center line of the chart?

A) 20.00
B) 20.26
C) 21.00
D) 24.26

Question 40

SCENARIO 19-3
Referring to Scenario 19-3, suppose the analyst constructs an chart to see if the production
Process is in-control.What is the center line for this chart?

A) 64.3
B) 59.5
C) 58.0
D) 57.1

Question 41

True or False: The SS method involves methods that enable participants to reduce setup time
for equipment and resources and materials needed for changeover.

Question 42

True or False: In the United States, the control limits on a control chart are placed so that they are
3 standard deviations above and below a central line.

Question 43

Developing operational definitions for each critical-to-quality characteristic involves which part
Of the DMAIC process?

A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyze
D) Improve
E) Control

Question 44

True or False: It is not possible for the
chart to be out-of-control when the R chart is in control.

Question 45

True or False: A master black belt is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 46

True or False: Quick Changeover Techniques is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 47

Which of the following is a method for breaking process into a series of steps in order to
Eliminate defects and produce near perfect results?

A) Deming's 14 points management.
B) Six Sigma management.
C) Shewhart-Deming cycle.
D) R chart and chart.

Question 48

True or False: Champions is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 49

True or False: The R chart is a control chart used to monitor a process mean.

Question 50

Determining the root causes of why defects can occur along with the variables in the processthat cause these defects to occur involves which part of the DMAIC process?

A)Define
B)Measure
C)Analyze
D)Improve
E)Control

Question 51

True or False: Poke-Yoke devices is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 52

The cause of variation that can be reduced only by changing the system is ______ cause
variation.

Question 53

True or False: The focus of Lean Six Sigma is on removing non-value added steps and waste
which can exist in any part of an organization.

Question 54

_______ causes of variation are correctable without modifying the system.

Question 55

Maintaining the gains that have been made with a revised process in the long term by avoiding
Potential problems that can occur when a process is changed involves which part of the DMAIC
Process?

A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyze
D) Improve
E) Control

Question 56

Which of the following is not part of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma management?

A) Define
B) Do
C) Analyze
D) Control

Question 57

True or False: SS method is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 58

True or False: Referring to Scenario 19-8, based on the
chart, it appears that the process is in
control.

Question 59

True or False: The p chart is a control chart used for monitoring the proportion of items that meet
given specifications.

Question 60

True or False: Total Production Maintenance is among the tools of Lean Six Sigma.

Question 61

True or False: TPM establishes ways to eliminate unnecessary housekeeping aspects of a work
environment.

Question 62

True or False: Quick Changeover Techniques establish ways to eliminate unnecessary
housekeeping aspects of a work environment.

Question 63

Which of the following best measures the ability of a process to consistently meet specified
Customer-driven requirement?

A) Process capability.
B) Specification limits
C) Upper control limit
D) Lower control limit

Question 64

True or False: The SS method establishes ways to eliminate unnecessary housekeeping aspects
of a work environment.

Question 65

True or False: Quick Changeover Techniques involve methods that enable participants to
reduce setup time for equipment and resources and materials needed for changeover.

Question 66

True or False: The SS method establishes ways to organize necessary housekeeping aspects of a
work environment.

Question 67

True or False: An in-control process must be achieved before being able to estimate process
capability.

Question 68

True or False: Quick Changeover Techniques establish ways to clean and maintain the
necessary housekeeping aspects of a work environment.

Question 69

True or False: Total Productive Maintenance focuses on preventing the causes of defects.

Question 70

True or False: Mistake Proofing devices focus on methods that enable participants to reduce
setup time for equipment and resources and materials needed for changeover.

Question 71

True or False: Poke-Yoke devices establish ways to eliminate unnecessary housekeeping
aspects of a work environment.

Question 72

True or False: SMED focuses on preventing the causes of defects.

Question 73

True or False: The SS method establishes ways to clean and maintain the necessary
housekeeping aspects of a work environment.

Question 74

True or False: Poke-Yoke devices establish ways to clean and maintain the necessary
housekeeping aspects of a work environment.

Question 75

True or False: TPM establishes ways to clean and maintain the necessary housekeeping aspects
of a work environment.

Question 76

True or False: SS method focuses on preventing the causes of defects.

Question 77

True or False: SMED establishes ways to eliminate unnecessary housekeeping aspects of a
work environment.

Question 78

True or False: Total Productive Maintenance focuses on methods that enable participants to
reduce setup time for equipment and resources and materials needed for changeover.

Question 79

True or False: Mistake Proofing (Poke-Yoke)devices focus on preventing the causes of defects.

Question 80

True or False: SMED establishes ways to clean and maintain the necessary housekeeping
aspects of a work environment.