Deck 1: The Nature of Probability and Statistics

Question 1

Determine which branch of statistics was used to make the following statement. In 2011, there were 34 deaths from the avian flu.

A) differential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) inferential statistics
D) predictive statistics

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A ______________ consists of all subjects that are being studied.

Answer 2

population

Question 3

If a weather center monitors and calculates the average number of tornadoes that pass through Topeka, Kansas each year, what type of variable would they be investigating?

A) isolated variable
B) controlled variable
C) hypothesis variable
D) random variable

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A ______________ variable assumes values that can be counted.

Question 5

Determine which branch of statistics was used to make the following statement. Because of the current economy, 49% of 18 to 34 year olds have taken a job to pay the bills.

A) inferential statistics
B) time series statistics
C) descriptive statistics
D) differential statistics

Question 6

How are statistics important in our everyday lives, and why do we need to
understand them?

Question 7

What is meant by a biased sample?

Question 8

In which branch of statistics would a researcher acquire twenty-five 2000 Toyota Celicas, drive them until they had a major mechanical failure, record the final mileage,
And then write a report for Car and Driver?

A) differential statistics
B) inferential statistics
C) predictive statistics
D) descriptive statistics

Question 9

Inferential statistics is based on probability.

Question 10

Determine which branch of statistics was used to make the following statement. Based on a sample of 2739 respondents, it is estimated that pet owners spent a total of 14
Billion dollars on veterinarian care for their pets.

A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) differential statistics
D) time series statistics

Question 11

______________ is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a
population, based on information obtained from samples.

Question 12

Each value in a data set may be referred to as either a data value or a(n) ____________.

A) subdata
B) datum
C) point
D) atom

Question 13

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between a sample and a population?

A) A population is a group of samples that may or may not be included in a study.
B) A sample is a group of populations that are subject to observation.
C) A sample is a group of subjects selected from a population to be studied.
D) A population and a sample are not related.

Question 14

Statistics is the science of conducting studies to

A) hypothesize, experiment, and form conclusions.
B) collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
C) monitor, study, and report on a subject.
D) solve a system of equations.

Question 15

A ____________ is a characteristic or attribute of a subject that can assume different values?

A) exponent
B) variable
C) datum
D) sample

Question 16

Determine which branch of statistics was used to make the following statement. In 2025, the world population is predicted to be 8 billion people.

A) inferential statistics
B) descriptive statistics
C) differential statistics
D) time series statistics

Question 17

Based on her electric bills from last year, Mrs. Smith expects she will be paying
$75/month this year. This is an example of descriptive statistics.

Question 18

Determine which branch of statistics was used to make the following statement. In an online survey of 500 Virginia Tech students between spring 2010 and spring 2011, 31%
Said that they had missed class because of alcohol consumption.

A) descriptive statistics
B) inferential statistics
C) time series statistics
D) differential statistics

Question 19

Variables with values that are determined by chance are called _____________.

A) inconsistent variables.
B) specialized.
C) random variables.
D) erratic variables.

Question 20

Which branch of statistics would employ probability to predict how many miles one should be able to drive a 2000 Toyota Celica during its lifetime?

A) descriptive statistics
B) time series statistics
C) differential statistics
D) inferential statistics

Question 21

Question 22

What level of measurement classifies data into mutually exclusive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data?

A) ordinal
B) nominal
C) ratio
D) interval

Question 23

Quantitative data can be further classified as continuous or nonsequential.

Question 24

What level of measurement would be applied when doing a survey on the average
American's shoe size?

Question 25

Question 26

The _______________ level of measurement classifies data into categories that
can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist.

Question 27

Determining the number of people from the state of Alaska who voted for a
Republican in the last election is an example of ______________ measurement.

Question 28

A person's hair color would be an example of a quantitative variable.

Question 29

Rating a restaurant by a number of stars is an example of an ordinal level of
measurement.

Question 30

Question 31

The amount of time needed to run the Boston marathon is an example of which type of variable?

A) continuous
B) temporal
C) discrete
D) qualitative

Question 32

The number of birds in a tree is an example of a continuous variable.

Question 33

Question 34

Question 35

Question 36

The variable of height is an example of a quantitative variable.

Question 37

Classifying the fruit in a basket as apple, orange, or banana, is an example of the ___________ level of measurement?

A) interval
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) nominal

Question 38

Question 39

What level of measurement allows for the ranking of data, a precise difference between units of measure, and also includes a true zero?

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) ordinal
D) interval

Question 40

Question 41

Which one of the following data are discrete?

A) the number of crew members on the boat
B) the latitude and longitude of a boat at sea
C) the speed of the boat's propeller, in revolutions per minute
D) the latitude and longitude of the boat's port of departure

Question 42

Which one of the following data are discrete?

A) the average preseason ranking of the University of Connecticut's women's basketball team over the past 10 years
B) the height of the tallest player on Duke University's men's basketball team
C) the average height of players on the University of Connecticut's women's basketball team
D) the pre-season ranking of Duke University's men's basketball team

Question 43

______________ sampling is used when the population is large and it includes
subjects residing over a large geographic area.

Question 44

A pollster randomly samples 136 Democrats, 163 Republicans and 17 Independents (all registered voters) in Metro City and asks each poll participant which mayorial candidate
He or she prefers. Identify the kind of sample that the pollster is using.

A) voluntary response sample
B) stratified sample
C) cluster sample
D) sample of convenience

Question 45

Which of the following sample types should you always regard as unreliable?

A) voluntary response samples
B) stratified samples
C) cluster samples
D) simple random samples

Question 46

Which one of the following data are continuous?

A) the rankings of the trees, from most numerous to least numerous
B) the number of representatives of each species in the park
C) the average height of a sample of trees
D) the number of species of trees in a park

Question 47

If you were told that four students from a class of twenty were questioned for a poll about study habits, this would be an example of ________________.

A) random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) stratified sampling
D) systematic sampling

Question 48

A middle school student passes out leaflets to the adults at a school function. The leaflets ask the recipient to indicate whether they believe in anthropogenic global warming. The
Bottom of the leaflet indicates that the completed leaflet should be returned to the
Student. Identify the kind of sample that is being used.

A) cluster sample
B) sample of convenience
C) stratified sample
D) systematic sample

Question 49

Give the boundaries of the given value. 3.3 millimeters

A) 2.3-4.3 millimeters
B) 3.25-3.35 millimeters
C) 3.3-4.3 millimeters
D) 3.29-3.31 millimeters

Question 50

Give the boundaries of the given value. 53 feet

A) 53-54 feet
B) 52.5-53.5 feet
C) 52-54 feet
D) 52.9-53.1 feet

Question 51

Give the boundaries of the given value. 84.4 yards

A) 84.39-84.41 pounds
B) 84.4-85.4 pounds
C) 84.35-84.45 pounds
D) 83.4-85.4 pounds

Question 52

The four basic methods used to obtain samples are: random, irregular, cluster, and
stratified sampling.

Question 53

Give the boundaries of the given value. 11.6

A) 11.5-11.7
B) 11.55-11.65
C) 10.6-12.6
D) 11.59-11.61

Question 54

Which one of the following data are continuous?

A) the number of times the file has been downloaded
B) the time remaining for an MP3 music download
C) the number of musicians performing in the MP3 file
D) all of these represent continuous data

Question 55

Questioning every 14th customer leaving a theatre about the movie they had seen, would
be an example of systematic sampling.

Question 56

When rolling two six-sided dice, your total roll ranges from 2 (double ones) to 12 (double sixes).Characterize the nature of the roll total.

A) qualitative and continuous
B) quantitative and discrete
C) qualitative and discrete
D) quantitative and continuous

Question 57

In a research study, it is always preferable for the researcher to carefully choose his
participants rather than randomly select them from a suitable group.

Question 58

Give the boundaries of the given value. 50 quarts

A) 49.5-50.5 quarts
B) 49-51 quarts
C) 50-51 quarts
D) 49.9-50.1 quarts

Question 59

Give the boundaries of the given value. 2.75 pounds

A) 2.745-2.755 pounds
B) 2.749-2.751 pounds
C) 1.75-3.75 pounds
D) 2.75-3.75 pounds

Question 60

What type of sampling is being employed if the country is divided into economic classes and a sample is chosen from each class to be surveyed?

A) cluster sampling
B) stratified sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) random sampling

Question 61

An electronics manufacturer test every 500th cell phone to verify that it is functioning properly. Identify the kind of sample that is being used.

A) simple random sample
B) systematic sample
C) cluster sample
D) stratified sample

Question 62

By visiting homes door-to-door, a municipality surveys all the households in 141 randomly-selected neighborhoods to see how residents feel about a proposed property
Tax increase. Identify the type of sample that is being used.

A) voluntary response sample
B) stratified sample
C) systematic sample
D) cluster sample

Question 63

Which of the following is the best description of a double-blind experiment?

A) an experiment in which the subjects are blindfolded so they cannot see which treatment is applied to them
B) an experiment in which neither the investigators nor the subjects know how the treatments have been assigned
C) an experiment in which neither the investigators nor the subjects know the others' names
D) an experiment in which both the investigators and the subjects are hidden from the others' views

Question 64

If a researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables, the researcher is conducting a(n)

A) observational study.
B) confounding study.
C) independent study.
D) experimental study.

Question 65

One advantage of a(n) ______________ study is that it occurs in a natural setting
without intervention by the researcher.

Question 66

The names of all 65 students in a professor's class are written on identical slips of paper, and the slips are placed into a large glass jar. Then, the professor selects 6 random slips
From the jar. Identify the kind of sample that is being used.

A) sample of convenience
B) systematic sample
C) cluster sample
D) simple random sample

Question 67

A(n) _______________ makes it difficult to determine whether an experimental outcome is due to the applied treatment.

A) perplexer
B) uncooperative subject
C) counfounder
D) error

Question 68

Which of the following best defines the relationship between confounding, dependent, and independent variables?

A) The confounding variable may cause the dependent variable to act independently.
B) The confounding variable influences the independent variable, but has no effect on the dependent variable.
C) The influence of the confounding variable cannot be separated from the influence of the dependent variable.
D) The confounding variable influences the dependent variable, but is not separated from the independent variable.

Question 69

In a true experimental study, the subjects should be assigned to groups randomly. If this is not possible and a researcher uses intact groups, they are performing a
_______________.

A) quasi-experimental study
B) convoluted study
C) dependent study
D) observational study

Question 70

Which of the following is the best description of a randomized experiment?

A) an experiment in which the outcomes are random
B) an experiment in which the investigators are chosen at random
C) an experiment in which the treatments are assigned randomly to experimental units
D) an experiment in which the experimental units are selected at random

Question 71

A magazine tests a new car and reports that it could be twice as much fun to drive. This is NOT an example of

A) detached statistics
B) changing the subject
C) implied connections
D) suspect samples

Question 72

An independent variable can also be called a(n)

A) explanatory variable.
B) outcome variable.
C) suggestive variable.
D) free variable.

Question 73

A television station interviews five movie viewers after the first showing of a movie. After finding out that all five enjoyed the movie very much, the reporter states that this
Movie will definitely be a big hit. This is an example of ____________________.

A) suspect samples
B) detached statistics
C) ambiguous averages
D) changing the subject

Question 74

Question 75

In an experiment, subjects are put into two categories according to sex, and then each subject is randomly assigned a treatment . This is an example of...

A) confounding
B) randomized blocking
C) gender bias
D) observational studies

Question 76

In a randomized experiment, if there are large differences in outcomes among the treatment groups, we can conclude that the differences are due to
_____________________.

A) deliberate data manipulation
B) random luck
C) experimental error
D) the treatments

Question 77

An advertisement for a truck states that it is 15% more powerful. This is an example of _________________.

A) ambiguous averages
B) detached statistics
C) changing the subject
D) suspect samples

Question 78

When running an experimental study, the group that is manipulated can be called the
treatment group.

Question 79

In an experimental study, manipulation of the_______________ variable is
studied to see if it leads to changes in the _______________variable.

Question 80

A dependent variable can also be referred to as an outcome variable.