Deck 8: Motivation and Empowerment

Question 1

When workers are not motivated to achieve organizational goals, the fault is often with the workers themselves.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Intrinsic rewards:

A)come from the satisfaction received by performing a particular action.
B)are given by another person, typically a supervisor.
C)include pay raises and promotions.
D)appeal to the "lower" needs of individuals.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Extinction is the administration of a pleasant and rewarding consequence following a behavior.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Bonuses and praise are examples of the approach to motivate people.

A)intrinsic negative
B)intrinsic positive
C)extrinsic negative
D)extrinsic positive

Question 5

A fully engaged employee is one who care deeply about the organization and actively seeks to serve the mission.

Question 6

Hygiene factors fulfill high-level needs and include achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth.

Question 7

Employees in companies that are infused with a social mission are typically more highly motivated because:

A)they want to avoid punishments and negative consequences.
B)they get intrinsic rewards by helping other people.
C)they are given monetary incentives.
D)they can get access to profit­ sharing programs.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of extrinsic rewards?

A)They are under the control of an individual.
B)They come from solving problems to benefit others.
C)They are given by another person, typically a supervisor.
D)They appeal to the "higher" needs of individuals.

Question 9

Punishment is also referred to as avoidance learning.

Question 10

According to the equity theory, employees make comparisons of what they put into a job and the rewards they receive relative to those of other people in the organization.

Question 11

The carrot-and-stick approach to motivation tends to focus on higher-level needs.

Question 12

It is the behavior of co-workers that makes the biggest difference in whether people feel engaged at work.

Question 13

Job ernichrnent is a program that links at least a portion of employees' pay on the amount of skills they possess.

Question 14

Which of the following actions is an example of positive reinforcement?

A)WllhholdingJT.Iise
B)Reprimanding an employee
C)Recommending a pay raise
D)Avoiding negative statements

Question 15

Conventional management approaches:

A)appeal to an individual's "higher" needs.
B)rely on intrinsic rewards to motivate subordinates.
C)are based on controlling the behavior of people by manipulating their decisions.
D)give subordinates more control over their work and the power to affect outcomes.

Question 16

Empowerment is power sharing, the delegation of power or authority to subordinates in the organization.

Question 17

People with a high need for achievement tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative.

Question 18

Five elements must be in place before employees can be empowered to perform their jobs: information, knowledge, discretion, meaning, and rewards.

Question 19

Employee motivation rarely affects productivity.

Question 20

Expectancy theory proposes that people are motivated to seek social equity in the rewards they receive for performance.

Question 21

Which of1hefollowingis an element1hatmust be in place before employees can be trnly empowered to perfonn1heir jobs effectively?

A)lnfonnationaboutemployees'salary
B)Knowledge and skills
C)A centralized organizational hierarchy
D)A fixed chain of command

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of the carrot-and-stick approach to motivation?

A)It focuses on long-term goals.
B)It enables each person's success to be mutually enjoyed.
C)It creates a culture of competition due to the presence of intrinsic rewards.
D)It tends to focus on lower needs.

Question 23

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, the leader's role is to:

A)use motivators to meet the higher level needs of employees.
B)provide only hygiene factors to employees.
C)only remove dissatisfiers.
D)use system-wide rewards.

Question 24

Immediate praise for an employee who arrives on time increases the likelihood of punctuality.This is an example of:

A)extinction.
B)punishment.
C)positive reinforcement.
D)expectancy.

Question 25

Fairmont Hotels & Resorts lets its best performing employees design their rewards.This is done to ensure that the rewards are valued by the employees and serve as further motivation.Fairmont Hotels & Resorts uses to motivate its employees.

A)equity theory
B)job enlargement theory
C)expectancy theory
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

Question 26

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the highest need category is .

A)self-actualization
B)esteem
C)belongingness
D)safety

Question 27

is the withdrawal of a positive reward, meaning that behavior is no longer reinforced and hence is less likely to occur in the future.

A)Punishment
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Positive reinforcement
D)Extinction

Question 28

One way to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential is to:

A)increase skill variety.
B)use reward and punislunent.
C)use the carrot-and-stick method of motivation.
D)focus on an employee's "lower" needs.

Question 29

Which of the following is a result of employee empowerment?

A)Greater self-efficacy
B)Decreased job responsibility
C)Better working conditions
D)Greater extrinsic satisfaction

Question 30

Organizations can motivate employees by:

A)comparing results with competitors.
B)improving infrastructure.
C)creating a horizontal organizational structure.
D)helping them fmd true value in their work.

Question 31

The basic assumption underlying behavior modification is the .

A)law of initial values
B)all-or-none law
C)matching law
D)law of effect

Question 32

Empowerment refers to .

A)1hevalueofoutcornes to1heindividual
B)satisfaction wi1h wotkconditions
C)the delegation of authority to subordinates in the organization
D)incorporationofhigh-levelmotivalots

Question 33

refers to a motivational approach that incorporates high-level motivators into the work.

A)Job satisfaction
B)Gainsharing
C)Profit sharing
D)Job eruiclunent

Question 34

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygiene factors include:

A)recognition.
B)interpersonal relationships.
C)the work itself.
D)personal growth

Question 35

According to the acquired needs theory, the need for power refers to the desire to:

A)accomplish something difficult and attain a high standard for success.
B)form close personal relationships and avoid conflict.
C)influence or control others and have authority over others.
D)master complex tasks and surpass others.

Question 36

Which of the following theories of motivation is associated with the work of Victor Vroom?

A)Acquired needs theory
B)Two-factor theory
C)Hierarchy of needs theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 37

According to the acquired needs theory, people who have a high need for affiliation:

A)are passive and uncritical.
B)are suocessful "integrators"whose job is to coordinate1he wotk of departments.
C)tend to enjoy work that is entrepreneurial and innovative.
D)successfully attain the top levels in the organizational hierarchy.

Question 38

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, the most basic human needs are:

A)esteem needs.
B)affiliation needs.
C)physiological needs.
D)safety needs.

Question 39

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the need for fringe benefits is an example of needs.

A)esteem
B)belongingness
C)self-actualization
D)safety

Question 40

Which of the following is true of the equity theory of motivation?

A)Motivation depends on individuals' mental expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.
B)Behavior that is not reinforced with positive attention and rewards will gradually disappear.
C)People will believe1hey are1realedfuirlyif1heyperceive1heirrewards as equal towhato1hers =ivefor similar contributions.
D)If the outcomes that are available from high effort and good performance are not valued by an employee, motivation will be low.

Question 41

The proposes that certain types of needs (achievement, affiliation, power) are developed during an individual's lifetime.

Question 42

are internal satisfactions a person receives in the process of performing a particular action.

Question 43

appeal to the "lower" needs of individuals.

Question 44

Explain positive reinforcement with a suitable example.

Question 45

Which of the following primarily affects employee engagement?

A)The behavior of co-workers
B)The behavior ofuruons
C)The behavior of leaders
D)The behavior of customers

Question 46

List the five dimensions of jobs in which leaders can make alterations to increase a job's motivational and empowerment potential.

Question 47

Describe the reinforcement perspective on motivation.

Question 48

is a theory that suggests that motivation depends on individuals' mental anticipation about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards.

Question 49

Employee engagement means that people:

A)are unable to share power.
B)feel a sense of belonging to the organization.
C)look for solutions to improve working conditions.
D)are delegated authority.

Question 50

Briefly describe the two categories of motives.

Question 51

The approach to motivation strives to motivate people by providing them with the opportunity to satisfy higher needs and become intrinsically rewarded.

Question 52

proposes that humans are motivated by multiple needs and those needs exist in a hierarchical order.

Question 53

and learning are the two components of thriving individuals.

A)Vitality
B)Affiliation
C)Self-efficacy
D)Valence

Question 54

Briefly describe the concept of a thriving workforce.

Question 55

Why is it important for leaders to understand motivation?

Question 56

, the first dimension of Herzberg's two-factor theory, involves the presence or absence of working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships.

Question 57

refers to the forces either internal or external to a person that arouse enthusiasm and persistence to pursue a certain course of action.

Question 58

The states that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated and behavior that is not reinforced tends not to be repeated.