Deck 21: Basic Nutrition and Nutrition Therapy

Question 1

If the patient taking a diuretic has an erratic pulse and muscle weakness,the nurse should suspect a decrease in:

A) sodium.
B) potassium.
C) chloride.
D) iron.

Answer 1

potassium.

Question 2

When reviewing a patient's dietary intake,the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level,which is less than:

A) 20% of total daily kilocalories.
B) 15% of total daily kilocalories.
C) 10% of total daily kilocalories.
D) 5% of total daily kilocalories.

Answer 2

10% of total daily kilocalories.

Question 3

The USDA's Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)has been replaced by the:

A) Nutrition Recommended Allowance (NRA).
B) National Bionutritional Allowance (NBA).
C) Dietary Reference Intake (DRI).
D) Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA).

Answer 3

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI).

Question 4

Elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that our bodies cannot make are:

A) important nutrients.
B) life-saving nutrients.
C) essential nutrients.
D) necessary nutrients.

Question 5

The nurse explains that the decreased sodium diet prescribed for a patient with a heart problem will help reduce or prevent:

A) stroke.
B) fluid excretion.
C) heart attacks.
D) obesity.

Question 6

When explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPyramid plan,the nurse states that the minimum amount of daily exercise needed to balance nutritional intake is:

A) 15 minutes.
B) 20 minutes.
C) 30 minutes.
D) 60 minutes.

Question 7

Although alcohol is not an essential nutrient,1 gram of alcohol provides:

A) 4 kcal/g.
B) 5 kcal/g.
C) 6 kcal/g.
D) 7 kcal/g.

Question 8

Stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs is called:

A) subcutaneous tissue.
B) adipose tissue.
C) cohesive tissue.
D) lipid tissue.

Question 9

The nurse cautions the patient with a pancreatic disorder that she will not be able to digest fats well and may be subject to a clotting disorder.This problem is the result of the inability to utilize vitamin:

A) B.
B) C.
C) D.
D) K.

Question 10

Following the removal of a part of the stomach,the patient is assessed closely by the home health nurse for:

A) a stomach ulcer.
B) digestive problems.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) malabsorption.

Question 11

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat,the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystitis and is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested.The ingredient necessary for emulsification is:

A) sugar.
B) cholesterol.
C) bile.
D) protein.

Question 12

The nurse reminds a vegan that unless he supplements his diet,he will be deficient in vitamin:

A) B₆.
B) B₁₂.
C) K.
D) d.

Question 13

A fit,young woman was at zero nitrogen balance,but when she became pregnant the nurse cautioned her that she might develop:

A) embolism.
B) anabolism.
C) catabolism.
D) metabolism.

Question 14

The body's storage form of carbohydrates,usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles,is:

A) sugar.
B) glucose.
C) lipids.
D) glycogen.

Question 15

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods,the nurse explains that 3 grams of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g,whereas 3 grams of fish oil would produce:

A) 6 kcal/g.
B) 15 kcal/g.
C) 21 kcal/g.
D) 27 kcal/g.

Question 16

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan because of the role it plays in:

A) weight control.
B) sustained appetite.
C) building strong bones.
D) health maintenance.

Question 17

The nurse concludes that additional instruction is not necessary after the patient demonstrates understanding that protein,minerals,iron,and fat combine to:

A) regulate body processes.
B) provide energy.
C) build and repair tissue.
D) restore body function.

Question 18

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations.The nurse assesses for indications of vitamin toxicity,which include:

A) edema.
B) hypertension.
C) fatigue.
D) diarrhea.

Question 19

When providing information about high cholesterol levels,the nurse explains that saturated fats usually are animal in origin,solid at room temperature,and should be avoided because they:

A) block absorption of nutrients.
B) interfere with metabolism.
C) increase blood cholesterol.
D) must be hydrogenated.

Question 20

The body uses 22 common amino acids,but 9 of them must be obtained from protein in the diet and are considered:

A) essential.
B) basic.
C) fundamental.
D) primary.

Question 21

The body mass index (BMI)of a man 6 feet tall weighing 250 pounds is _______.

Question 22

Which are the energy-providing food groups? (Select all that apply.)

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 23

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about the lack of taste with the low-salt diet that has been ordered.The nurse emphasizes that sodium may:

A) contribute to hypertension.
B) interfere with blood clotting.
C) produce stomach ulcers.
D) decrease calcium in the bones.

Question 24

The eating disorder characterized by body image distortion,excessive exercise,and vicarious enjoyment of food is called:

A) self-fasting.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) binge eating.

Question 25

To simplify food values,the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the ________.

Question 26

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes.The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal called:

A) carbohydrate splitting.
B) reduced caloric intake.
C) carbohydrate counting.
D) carbohydrate balancing.

Question 27

The nurse reminds the patient with lactose intolerance that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea,bloating,flatulence,and diarrhea if he will avoid eating products that include:

A) soy beans.
B) rice.
C) milk.
D) high fiber.

Question 28

The nurse recognizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth,an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used.Feeding a patient by this means is called:

A) total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
B) nasogastric.
C) enteral.
D) parenteral.

Question 29

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet.The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein,such as:

A) potatoes.
B) beans.
C) cheese.
D) soy products.

Question 30

The nurse has assessed a patient's body mass index (BMI)to be 19.6.This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patient's weight category is in which category?

A) Low health risk
B) Overweight
C) Obese
D) Morbidly obese

Question 31

The nurse counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes stresses that patients with type 2 diabetes are required on a daily basis to receive:

A) regular carbohydrate-controlled meals.
B) oral hyperglycemic agents.
C) insulin injections.
D) stringent low-calorie diets.

Question 32

At approximately 4 to 6 months of age,solid food is introduced to a baby.Foods with high iron content are recommended by the nurse and include:

A) pureed fruit.
B) fortified cereals.
C) fruit juice.
D) rice.

Question 33

The patient who had a gastrectomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome.The nurse suggests the patient modify his intake by:

A) eating small,frequent meals.
B) including more fiber in meals.
C) increasing seasoning on food.
D) limiting intake to semi-liquids.

Question 34

A school nurse teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition should encourage increased intake of:

A) potassium and sodium.
B) chloride and magnesium.
C) iron and calcium.
D) vitamins and minerals.

Question 35

The young woman who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein.The nurse suggests which foods as sources of protein?

A) Green,leafy vegetables
B) Citrus fruits
C) Asparagus
D) Nuts

Question 36

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total parenteral nutrition (TPN)will be infused through the:

A) carotid artery.
B) superior vena cava.
C) femoral vein.
D) inferior vena cava.

Question 37

What are the four key concepts of the USDA's MyPyramid plan? (Select all that apply.)

A) Variety
B) Activity
C) Proportionality
D) Satisfaction
E) Moderation

Question 38

A nurse caring for a patient who is prescribed a full liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients including:

A) fat-soluble vitamins.
B) potassium.
C) iron and fiber.
D) water-soluble vitamins.

Question 39

Nursing interventions to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on a fluid restriction include:

A) rinsing the mouth with warm water.
B) sipping carbonated drinks.
C) sucking on ice chips.
D) limiting tooth brushing to once per day.