Deck 22: Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

What percentage of an adult's body weight consists of water?

A) 10% to 20%
B) 30% to 40%
C) 50% to 60%
D) 70% to 80%

Answer 1

50% to 60%

Question 2

The nurse uses a diagram to show that fluids in the interstitial and intravascular compartments are combined to form the:

A) intercellular compartment.
B) circulating compartment.
C) vertical compartment.
D) extracellular compartment.

Answer 2

extracellular compartment.

Question 3

When assessing a patient with respiratory alkalosis,the nurse expects to see:

A) slow respirations.
B) muscle weakness.
C) strong,even heart rate.
D) flushed face.

Answer 3

muscle weakness.

Question 4

The lactating mother is counseled by the nurse to eat adequate amounts of meat and legumes to increase her level of:

A) potassium.
B) chloride.
C) magnesium.
D) phosphorus.

Question 5

When a patient takes substances into the body,they first enter the extracellular compartment.However,to carry out their function they must enter the:

A) horizontal compartment.
B) intracellular compartment.
C) compartmental.
D) vertical compartment.

Question 6

The nurse weighs a patient at the same time of day with the same scale and same clothing as a simple and accurate method of determining:

A) an accurate weight.
B) water balance.
C) adequate nutrition.
D) urinary output.

Question 7

The nurse explains to a patient that the drug Lasix reduces edema by drawing water from the interstitial space into the intravascular space.This process is called:

A) diffusion.
B) filtration.
C) osmosis.
D) homeostasis.

Question 8

Sodium is the most abundant electrolyte in the body.The location of electrolytes is important for maintaining homeostasis.Sodium is the major electrolyte in which fluid compartment?

A) Intracellular
B) Intravascular
C) Extracellular
D) Interstitial

Question 9

Electrolytes are not measured by weight; their electrical activity is expressed in milliequivalents.The nurse clarifies that 1 milliequivalent of potassium has the same combining power as 1 milliequivalent of:

A) nitrogen.
B) oxygen.
C) hydrogen.
D) magnesium.

Question 10

When reading the lab report of a patient with excessive diarrhea,the nurse notes that the pH is 7.10,and the PaCO₂ and the PaO₂ are normal.From this information alone,the nurse assesses the patient to be in:

A) respiratory acidosis.
B) metabolic acidosis.
C) respiratory alkalosis.
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 11

The nurse instructs a patient that his inhaled oxygen moved into the intravascular compartment by a process called:

A) active transport.
B) oxygenation.
C) passive transport.
D) mass movement.

Question 12

Actively transporting electrolytes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration requires:

A) hydrostatic pressure.
B) osmotic pressure.
C) blood pressure.
D) pulse pressure.

Question 13

When administering intravenous (IV)fluids,the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult.Dehydration can become lethal if the patient loses:

A) 5% of body fluid.
B) 10% of body fluid.
C) 15% of body fluid.
D) 20% of body fluid.

Question 14

Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal.The order of effectiveness for these three systems is:

A) blood buffers,kidneys,and lungs.
B) kidneys,lungs,and blood buffers.
C) blood buffers,lungs,and kidneys.
D) lungs,kidneys,and blood buffers.

Question 15

As the nurse assesses the edematous cardiac patient,she is aware that the condition is a result of retained fluid and the patient is:

A) hyponatremic.
B) hypokalemic.
C) hypernatremic.
D) hypercalcemic.

Question 16

Homeostasis of the hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids depends on the ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in the extracellular fluid,which is:

A) 1:5.
B) 1:10.
C) 1:15.
D) 1:20.

Question 17

The nurse closely assesses a patient with hypokalemia for:

A) systemic edema.
B) cardiac complications.
C) muscle cramping.
D) impaired kidney function.

Question 18

After assessing a calcium level of 6.2 mEq/L,the nurse modifies the care plan for the immobilized patient to include observation for possible:

A) osteoporosis.
B) tooth loss.
C) renal calculi.
D) contractures.

Question 19

The nurse encourages a patient who has been vomiting to drink fluids because the body fluid lost daily must match the amount of fluid taken in to maintain homeostasis.The recommended daily amount of water for an adult is about:

A) 1000 mL.
B) 1500 mL.
C) 2050 mL.
D) 2500 mL.

Question 20

The nurse must keep an accurate intake and output record to assess kidney efficiency.In order for the kidneys to remove waste,they must produce an hourly urine output of at least:

A) 10 mL.
B) 20 mL.
C) 30 mL.
D) 40 mL.

Question 21

What are the three buffer systems of the body? (Select all that apply.)

A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid system
B) Respiratory system
C) Renal system
D) GI system
E) Integumentary system

Question 22

When creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis,the nurse should focus on:

A) frequent periods of ambulation.
B) increasing fluid intake.
C) decreasing fluid intake.
D) deep-breathing exercises.

Question 23

A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours.Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively,the nurse assesses for respiratory __________.

Question 24

The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately _____ mL of water through respiration in the course of a day.

Question 25

The nurse expects an adult with normal kidney function to void a minimum of ____ mL of urine in 4 hours.

Question 26

A patient admitted in a state of extreme anxiety has vital signs of: T 98.6° F,P 81,BP 130/86,R 32.The nurse is aware if this hyperventilation continues,the result will be:

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) respiratory alkalosis.

Question 27

What are the three types of passive transport? (Select all that apply.)

A) Diffusion
B) Titration
C) Osmosis
D) Distillation
E) Filtration

Question 28

The nurse concludes there is no need for further instruction about selecting foods high in potassium when the patient chooses:

A) apples and green beans.
B) kiwis and onions.
C) apricots and asparagus.
D) grapes and lima beans.

Question 29

If a patient began vomiting and continued to do so for several hours,the nurse is aware that this loss of stomach contents can result in:

A) metabolic acidosis.
B) metabolic alkalosis.
C) respiratory acidosis.
D) respiratory alkalosis.