Question 1

Which portion of the brain contains structures involved in emotions?&#10;A) Cerebrum&#10;B) Hypothalamus&#10;C) Limbic system&#10;D) Thalamus

Accepted Answer

The limbic system, which includes structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus, is involved in emotions, as well as memory and motivation. The cerebrum is involved in higher cognitive functions such as thinking and perception, the hypothalamus is involved in regulating basic bodily functions such as temperature and hunger, and the thalamus is involved in relaying sensory information to the cortex.

Question 2

Which of the following neurotransmitters induces sleep and stabilizes mood?&#10;A) Dopamine&#10;B) Serotonin&#10;C) Norepinephrine&#10;D) Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has a calming effect on the brain and promotes sleep. It is also involved in regulating mood, appetite, and social behavior. Dysfunction of the serotonin system has been linked to mood disorders such as depression and anxiety.

Question 3

Which of the following treatments for a client with stress is considered symptomatic rather than curative?&#10;A) Shock treatment&#10;B) Spiritual healing&#10;C) Drug treatment&#10;D) Touch therapy

Accepted Answer

Drug treatment is considered symptomatic because it only addresses the symptoms of stress rather than curing the root cause of the stress. It can provide temporary relief but does not permanently resolve the underlying issue. The other options listed, such as shock treatment, spiritual healing, and touch therapy, do not necessarily fall into either category of symptomatic or curative as they have varying effectiveness and approaches.

Question 4

An effect of mineralocorticoids, secreted by the adrenal cortex, includes which of the following?&#10;A) Increased urine output&#10;B) Excretion of potassium&#10;C) Potassium retention&#10;D) Sodium excretion

Accepted Answer

Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, increase the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidney, which leads to the excretion of potassium.

Question 5

Impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors of Parkinson's disease is correlated with which neurotransmitter?&#10;A) Glutamate&#10;B) Acetylcholine&#10;C) Dopamine&#10;D) Serotonin

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by a loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of movement, among other functions. The loss of dopamine in Parkinson's disease leads to impaired balance and uncontrolled tremors.

Question 6

Which of the following is an effect of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?&#10;A) Decreased gastric motility&#10;B) Contraction of urinary bladder muscles&#10;C) Vasoconstriction&#10;D) Increased intestinal peristalsis

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which includes vasoconstriction to redirect blood flow to the muscles and away from non-essential organs.

Question 7

Which of the following is an effect of glucocorticoids?&#10;A) Decreased serum glucose level&#10;B) Increased capillary permeability&#10;C) Altered fat and protein metabolism&#10;D) Increased inflammatory response

Accepted Answer

Glucocorticoids alter fat and protein metabolism by increasing protein breakdown and decreasing protein synthesis, as well as promoting lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis. This can lead to muscle wasting and increased fat accumulation. Glucocorticoids do not decrease serum glucose levels, increase capillary permeability, or increase inflammatory response; in fact, they have the opposite effects on these processes.

Question 8

Which of the following physiologic events may happen in the alarm phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome?&#10;A) Decreased sympathetic nervous system stimulation&#10;B) Increased sympathetic nervous system stimulation&#10;C) Blood pressure decreases&#10;D) Constriction of the bronchi

Accepted Answer

During the alarm phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome, there is an activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate to prepare the body for fight or flight response. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they describe physiological events that are not typically associated with the alarm phase.

Question 9

Which neuropeptide transmits the sensation of pain?&#10;A) Enkephalins&#10;B) Endorphins&#10;C) Substance P&#10;D) Dopamine

Accepted Answer

Substance P is a neuropeptide that transmits the sensation of pain. It is released by neurons in response to tissue damage or inflammation and communicates pain signals to the brain. Enkephalins and endorphins are both involved in pain modulation and can act to reduce the sensation of pain, but they do not transmit the initial pain signal. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in reward and motivation but is not directly related to pain transmission.

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter raises energy level and heightens arousal?&#10;A) Dopamine&#10;B) Serotonin&#10;C) Norepinephrine&#10;D) Acetylcholine

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine is commonly referred to as the “fight or flight” neurotransmitter, and it’s released by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or danger. It increases heart rate, blood flow, and breathing rate, which can help with physical performance and overall energy levels. Norepinephrine is also involved in focusing attention and heightening arousal.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of hardiness?&#10;A) Sense of control over stress.&#10;B) Sense of alienation&#10;C) Feeling of helplessness&#10;D) Perception of life events as a threat

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a characteristic...

Question 12

Which of the following factors increase an older adult's vulnerability and reaction to stressors?&#10;A) Autoimmune disease&#10;B) Impaired self-care&#10;C) Emotional distress&#10;D) Loss of a network for support

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors increase an...

Question 13

Which of the following have been identified as major contributors to rehospitalization of older adults?&#10;A) Emotional distress and impaired self-care abilities&#10;B) Hypertension&#10;C) Diabetes and severe weight loss&#10;D) Poor vision and dehydration

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following have been identified...

Question 14

Which of the following interventions should a nurse recommend for fostering effective coping skills and a sense of hardiness?&#10;A) Balanced diet&#10;B) Periodic checkup&#10;C) Nonprescribed sedative drug&#10;D) Daily exercise

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following interventions should a...

Question 15

Which of the following interventions implies techniques that use the mind and body to alter disease?&#10;A) Psychobiologic intervention&#10;B) Coping mechanisms&#10;C) Stress management&#10;D) Complementary therapy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following interventions implies techniques...

Question 16

Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?&#10;A) Increased blood pressure&#10;B) Increased intestinal peristalsis&#10;C) Increased heart rate&#10;D) Vasoconstriction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an effect...

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter influences movement and memory?&#10;A) Acetylcholine&#10;B) Norepinephrine&#10;C) Serotonin&#10;D) Dopamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which neurotransmitter influences movement and memory?&#10;A) Acetylcholine&#10;B)...

Question 18

Which of the following is the result of the appropriate use of coping mechanisms?&#10;A) Maintenance of psychobiologic equilibrium&#10;B) Psychological growth&#10;C) Altered body functions or symptoms&#10;D) Restored biologic functions

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the result...

Question 19

Which of the following conditions triggers the general adaptation syndrome?&#10;A) Distress&#10;B) Eustress&#10;C) Placebo effect&#10;D) Helplessness

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions triggers the...

Deck 67: Interaction of Body and Mind