Deck 5: Eukaryotic Cells and Microorganisms

Question 1

The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell is _______.

A) a protective mechanism against osmotic lysis
B) also called the cell wall
C) the site where many metabolic reactions occur
D) composed of many diverse proteins
E) mostly polysaccharides

Answer 1

mostly polysaccharides

Question 2

Eukaryotic ?agella differ from bacterial ?agella because only eukaryotic ?agella _______.

A) contain microtubules
B) facilitate phototaxis
C) are used for cell motility
D) facilitate chemotaxis
E) are long, whip-like structures

Answer 2

contain microtubules

Question 3

As part of their reproductive cycle, helminths produce egg and sperm cells. Both of these eukaryotic cell types have an outer surface composed of polysaccharides known as the ______.

A) cyst
B) microtubule
C) cell wall
D) cell membrane
E) glycocalyx

Answer 3

glycocalyx

Question 4

Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called ______.

A) antagonists
B) parasites
C) free-living
D) mutualistic
E) saprobes

Question 5

Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in bacterial cells?

A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

You are observing an organism under the microscope, and it is clearly multicellular with no cell walls. Your prediction is that this organism is a/an ______.

A) protozoan
B) bacterium
C) alga
D) helminth
E) fungus

Question 7

Protists include ______.

A) algae and protozoa
B) yeasts and molds
C) viruses
D) helminths
E) bacteria

Question 8

Which of the following organisms has a cell wall?

A) Enterobius vermicularis
B) Entamoeba histolytica
C) Trypanosoma cruzi
D) Candida albicans

Question 9

Select that statement that re?ects evidence that directly supports the endosymbiotic theory.

A) Lysosomes contain their own DNA in the form of plasmids.
B) The electron transport system is located in the cell membrane in bacteria, while in eukaryotes it is located in the mitochondrial cristae.
C) Enzymes for photosynthesis are found embedded in membranes of the Golgi apparatus.
D) Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells.

Question 10

Cilia are exhibited by certain ______.

A) protozoa
B) fungi
C) viruses
D) bacteria
E) algae

Question 11

There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic ?agella and cilia.

A) endo?agella
B) cilia
C) ?laments
D) active proteins
E) microtubules

Question 12

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) All saprobes are heterotrophic, but only some are parasitic.
B) All heterotrophs are fungi, and include both parasites and saprobes.
C) All fungi, whether parasite or saprobe, are heterotrophs.
D) All heterotrophs are parasites, but only some are saprobes.

Question 13

You are observing an organism under the microscope and you note that it has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. Your prediction would be that this organism is a/an ______.

A) virus
B) protozoan
C) bacterium
D) fungus
E) alga

Question 14

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Algae; multicellular
B) Protozoa; multicellular
C) Fungi; multicellular
D) Helminths; multicellular
E) Protozoa; unicellular M. Fungi; unicellular

Question 15

A saprobe differs from a parasite in that _______.

A) a saprobe has the ability to undergo meiosis to produce sexual spores, but a parasite can only perform mitosis to produce asexual spores
B) a saprobe has a pseudohyphae morphology, but a parasite has true hyphae
C) a saprobe is a fungus, but a parasite is a protozoan
D) a saprobe derives nutrients from dead plants and animals, but a parasite derives nutrients from living plants and animals

Question 16

Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular ______.

A) symbiosis
B) commensalism
C) parasitism
D) mutualism

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

A) Reception of chemical signals
B) Adherence
C) Movement
D) Protection

Question 18

In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton?

A) Saprobe
B) Heterotroph
C) Eukaryote
D) Parasite

Question 19

The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of ______.

A) eukaryotes
B) viruses
C) bacteria
D) prokaryotes
E) archaea

Question 20

Endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic bacterial cell is widely accepted as an explanation for the development of chloroplasts. The presence of these endosymbiotic bacteria provided a cell with the
Advantage of ______.

A) simple, rapid gene transfer
B) tolerance to oxygen
C) an electron transport chain
D) a membrane-bound nucleus
E) photosynthesis

Question 21

Cell walls are not typically possessed by ______.

A) fungi
B) bacteria
C) protozoa
D) algae

Question 22

The series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the ______.

A) chloroplasts
B) Golgi apparatus
C) mitochondria
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of ______.

A) bacteria
B) protozoa
C) fungi
D) algae
E) helminths

Question 24

Which organelle is found in algae but not in protozoa or fungi?

A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosomes
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
E) Chloroplasts

Question 25

Chloroplasts are composed of membranous sacs called ______ that carry chlorophyll. Surrounding these sacs is a ground substance called _______.

A) thylakoids; stroma
B) grana; stroma
C) thylakoid; matrix
D) cristae; matrix
E) cristae; stroma

Question 26

The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the ______.

A) lysosome
B) nucleus
C) nucleolus
D) Golgi apparatus
E) ribosome

Question 27

The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear ______.

A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) histones
C) inclusions
D) pores
E) chromatin

Question 28

The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of ______.

A) sterols
B) proteins
C) phospholipids
D) sterols, proteins, and phospholipids
E) sterols and phospholipids only

Question 29

The cell walls of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the bacterial cell wall.

Question 30

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

Question 31

The cell membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes are quite similar, differing only in _______.

A) being selectively permeable
B) the presence of sterols
C) the ability to transport wastes out of the cell
D) the presence of proteins in the bilayer
E) the presence of phospholipids

Question 32

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following organelles contain DNA?

A) Nucleus, nucleolus, and Golgi apparatus
B) Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus
C) Nucleus, chloroplast, and peroxisome
D) Nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus
E) Nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion

Question 33

The plasma cells of the immune system are responsible for secreting protein antibodies into the bloodstream. Within the plasma cell, the antibody moves through several organelles in what order?

A) Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome
B) Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus, Golgi apparatus, vesicles
C) Ribosomes, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles
E) Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles

Question 34

The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.

Question 35

When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible, thread-like mass called ______.

A) the nucleolus
B) chromatin
C) the nucleosome
D) the nuclear envelope
E) nucleoplasm

Question 36

The nuclear envelope is a single lipid layer.

Question 37

All algae have chloroplasts.

Question 38

P?esteria is a/an ______ that produces a toxin harmful to humans.

A) protozoan
B) fungus
C) endospore
D) alga
E) helminth

Question 39

Chromosomes are generally not visible by light microscopy unless the cell is undergoing nuclear
division.

Question 40

Histones are _______.

A) proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus
B) on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) enzymes found in lysosomes
D) found in polyribosomes
E) proteins of the cytoskeleton

Question 41

In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations. They are scattered in the ______ and on the surface of ______.

A) cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum
B) nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum
C) nucleus; Golgi apparatus
D) cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus

Question 42

An organelle that is a stack of ?attened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for secretion is the ______.

A) mitochondrion
B) lysosome
C) chloroplast
D) endoplasmic reticulum
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 43

All fungi can form hyphae.

Question 44

Fungi that grow as yeasts at one temperature but as molds at another temperature are called ______.

A) dimorphic
B) spores
C) parasites
D) pseudohyphae
E) saprobes

Question 45

Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Question 46

The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the ______.

A) nucleus
B) mitochondrion
C) ribosome
D) lysosome
E) Golgi apparatus

Question 47

Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosome
E) Chloroplast

Question 48

The vesicle that originates from the Golgi apparatus and contains a variety of digestive enzymes is the ______.

A) lysosome
B) magnetosome
C) inclusion
D) ribosome
E) centrosome

Question 49

The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.

A) asci
B) septa
C) conidiophores
D) hyphae
E) pseudohyphae

Question 50

Fungal asexual spores _______.

A) produce offspring with different combinations of genes from the parent
B) are the products of meiotic division by a single parent cell
C) cannot be seen using a light microscope
D) are produced when nutrients are limiting
E) are used to identify fungi

Question 51

Which is not a characteristic of fungi?

A) Photosynthetic
B) Include single-cell and ?lamentous forms
C) Heterotrophic nutrition
D) Presence of cell walls

Question 52

The intertwined mass of hyphae that constitutes the body of a mold is a ______.

A) stock
B) rhizoid
C) mycelium
D) stem
E) bud

Question 53

When fungal buds remain attached in a row following cell division, the resulting chains of yeast cells are called ______.

A) mycelia
B) molds
C) pseudohyphae
D) dimorphic
E) septa

Question 54

The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______.

A) 80S
B) 40S
C) 30S
D) 70S
E) 50S

Question 55

The drug cytochalasin targets actin ?laments in the cytoskeleton, preventing them from forming. Treatment of a cell with cytochalasin would result in its inability to ______.

A) form cellular extensions
B) transport substances within the cell
C) form the nuclear envelope structure
D) prevent mutations in its chromosome

Question 56

The cytoskeleton _______.

A) anchors organelles
B) provides architectural support
C) functions in movements of the cytoplasm
D) helps maintain cell shape
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 57

Mitochondria possess all of the following except ______.

A) cristae
B) electron carriers
C) enzymes for photosynthesis
D) metabolic enzymes
E) 70S ribosomes

Question 58

Choose the correct order of the three main types of cytoskeletal elements in increasing order of size.

A) Microtubules, cilia, ?agella
B) Actin ?laments, intermediate ?laments, microtubules
C) Actin ?laments, intermediate ?laments, ?agella
D) Microtubules, intermediate ?laments, actin ?laments
E) Microtubules, ?agella, cilia

Question 59

Fungi reproduce sexually less frequently than asexually. What might be the reason behind this infrequency of sexual reproduction?

A) Sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together.
B) Sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction.
C) In asexual reproduction, one parent divides.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 60

Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

Question 61

In producing beer and wine, humans have exploited the microbial ability to ferment sugar to alcohol. The microbes responsible for this process are ______.

A) fungi
B) algae
C) protozoans
D) bacteria

Question 62

Plankton are floating communities of helminths.

Question 63

After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom feels tired and weak and has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan in his blood and the health care provider diagnoses malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of this disease?

A) HIV
B) Giardia lamblia
C) Plasmodium vivax
D) Trichophyton rubrum
E) Taenia solium

Question 64

Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.

Question 65

Protozoa are classi?ed into four groups based on ______.

A) how they move
B) the resistance properties of their cysts
C) their pathogenicity
D) their required nutrients

Question 66

There are no algae that can cause human disease.

Question 67

A specimen from a patient suffering diarrhea shows a one-celled organism in the microscope. The organism moves very slowly by protruding its cytoplasm. You would predict that the patient has an infection caused by ______.

A) Entamoeba
B) Trichomonas
C) Toxoplasma
D) Plasmodium
E) Giardia

Question 68

All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants or animals.

Question 69

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an ______.

A) seed
B) sporozoa
C) endospore
D) trophozoite
E) cyst

Question 70

Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through _______.

A) insect bites
B) contaminated blood products
C) the fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water
D) direct transmission from one host to another
E) puncture wounds

Question 71

Protozoan endoplasm contains ______.

A) ?agella
B) ectoplasm
C) cilia
D) oral grooves
E) mitochondria

Question 72

Protozoan cysts are _______.

A) necessary for transmission to a new host
B) analogous to bacterial endospores
C) are produced by binary ?ssion
D) the primary form of replication
E) part of all protozoan life cycles

Question 73

A protozoan cyst differs from a helminth egg in that _______.

A) a cyst is metabolically active, but an egg is not
B) the cyst can germinate to form the organism but the egg must be fertilized
C) cysts have a uniform structure, but eggs have a wide variety of morphologies
D) the chromosome is free in the cytoplasm of a cyst, but enclosed in a nucleus in an egg

Question 74

A protozoan having a ?agellum would be classi?ed in the genus ______.

A) Trypanosoma
B) Enterobius
C) Plasmodium
D) Toxoplasma
E) Entamoeba

Question 75

In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.

Question 76

A group of protozoa that are not motile are the ______.

A) amoebas
B) dimorphics
C) Plasmodium sp.
D) trophozoites
E) ciliates

Question 77

Which pair is mismatched?

A) Histoplasma - causes Ohio Valley fever
B) Plasmodium - causes Chagas disease
C) Giardia - transmitted by feces in drinking water
D) Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness
E) Trichomonas - sexually transmitted

Question 78

Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.

Question 79

Protozoan cells do not exhibit ______.

A) ectoplasm and endoplasm
B) a cell wall
C) heterotrophic nutrition
D) cyst formation
E) motility

Question 80

The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the ______.

A) sporozoite
B) cyst
C) food vacuole
D) oocyst
E) trophozoite