Deck 9: Conception, Pregnancy, and Birth

Question 1

The loss of an embryo or fetus during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy is referred to as a miscarriage or __________.

A) embryonic detachment
B) uterine failure
C) spontaneous abortion
D) early contractions

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the correct sequence of events that follow fertilization of an egg?

A) zygote, blastocyst, embryo, fetus
B) blastocyst, embryo, zygote, fetus
C) embryo, blastocyst, zygote, fetus
D) zygote, embryo, fetus, blastocyst

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Karen is going through puberty.Her mother explains that her ovaries contain approximately ________ oocytes.

A) 400
B) 4,000
C) 400,000
D) 4,000,000

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Another name for ectopic pregnancies is ________,because they often occur there.

A) ovarian pregnancies
B) embryotic pregnancies
C) tubal pregnancies
D) cervical pregnancies

Question 5

Immediately upon fertilization,a hormone called ________ begins to be released; pregnancy tests measure the level of this hormone in a woman's urine to determine pregnancy.

A) estrogen
B) hCG
C) testosterone
D) progestin

Question 6

In the U.S.,nearly ________ of all pregnancies are unplanned.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 7

The obstetrician and professor at Edinburgh University who discovered the use of chloroform during the birth process is ________.

A) Dr. James Young Simpson
B) Dr. Samuel Chloroform
C) Dr. Michael Eaton Ether
D) Dr. Marie Antoinette

Question 8

Which of the following typically occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy?

A) The sex of the fetus can be determined by observing the growth of genitals with an ultrasound.
B) The fetus rotates to a head-down position.
C) The fetus resembles a tadpole or tiny shrimp.
D) The fetus develops taste buds and may be observed sucking its thumb.

Question 9

________ refers to an early 1900s method of childbirth pain control that used a combination of two injectable drugs: morphine and scopolamine.

A) Midnight zone
B) Twilight zone
C) Midnight sleep
D) Twilight sleep

Question 10

These two hormones play an important role in ovulation:

A) FSH and TH.
B) FSH and LH.
C) LH and TH.
D) TH and PUT.

Question 11

Marty is reading a book about puberty and male reproduction.He learns that the sperm cells develop in the ________.

A) seminiferous tubules
B) vas deferens
C) prostate
D) epididymis

Question 12

At the time a fertilized ovum enters the uterus,it is called a(n)________.

A) follicle
B) seed cell
C) zygote
D) oocyte

Question 13

Matt and Monica have been trying to get pregnant for two years.No wonder it is so difficult! They just found out that the average couple is fertile for only about ________ each month.

A) 1 day
B) 6-7 days
C) 11 days
D) 14 days

Question 14

Women,on average,release one egg each month,a process called ________.

A) conception
B) ovulation
C) dilation
D) egg expulsion

Question 15

The earliest methods of medical pain control for childbirth required the mother to be deeply sedated under ________.

A) unconscious
B) general anesthesia
C) dementia
D) hypnosis

Question 16

Married couple Tim and Tia are biologically capable of conceiving,but feel more comfortable and content to live lives that do not include parenting.They prefer to be called ________.

A) childless
B) child-free
C) childphobic
D) selfish

Question 17

During the ________ phase,the growth of new follicles in the ovaries is suppressed and the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation to receive a fertilized egg.

A) follicular
B) hormonal
C) estrogen
D) luteal

Question 18

Once pregnancy has been established,a temporary organ called ______ develops on the uterine wall to serve as a transfer station for nourishment and oxygen from mother to the fetus,and for waste products from the fetus to mother.

A) umbilical cord
B) blastula
C) afterbirth
D) placenta

Question 19

Sperm cells that are beginning to develop in a man's testicles today will not be ready to be ejaculated and able to fertilize an ovum for approximately ________ days.

A) 7-10
B) 17-20
C) 50-55
D) 68-72

Question 20

Miranda got her first period at age 13.She discovers that the term used to describe a girl's first menstrual period is ________.

A) menarche
B) bleeding
C) menopause
D) monumental

Question 21

If Cindy is like most women,she will experience ________ after the termination of an unwanted pregnancy.

A) no mental health problems
B) serious regret
C) lifetime guilt
D) elation

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true with regard to countries where abortion is illegal?

A) Abortions are less risky than pregnancy and birth.
B) Abortions lead to depression in women.
C) Abortions are considered safe.
D) Abortions are often one of the leading causes of maternal deaths.

Question 23

________ are hospital-like facilities with basic medical care equipment that feature a home-like setting,and have as their primary focus a natural,family-centered approach to the birth process.

A) Maternity wards
B) Birthing centers
C) Health centers
D) Home birth wards

Question 24

All of the following are true about what occurs during and immediately after stage three labor except for which?

A) The placenta is expelled from the uterus with the umbilical cord attached.
B) Doctors inspect the umbilical cord for serious abnormalities.
C) The umbilical cord is cut from the newborn.
D) Placentas that do not appear normal or are not intact are sent for further pathological examination.

Question 25

Marsha attended Lamaze classes during her first pregnancy.The Lamaze method teaches women preparing for childbirth ________.

A) special breathing exercises and relaxation techniques
B) not to use a physician
C) how to deliver the baby by yourself
D) not to use any drugs at all

Question 26

This chemical is linked to the beginning of childbirth and is thought to signal the uterus to begin contractions:

A) human chorionic gonadotropin.
B) estradiol.
C) corticotrophin-releasing hormone.
D) follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 27

Approximately ________ legal abortions occur in the United States each year.

A) 100,000
B) 250,000
C) 1 million
D) 2.5 million

Question 28

Nearly ________ of all surgical abortions in the United States occur within the first trimester of pregnancy.

A) 45%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 29

Susan gave birth to a normally formed infant 32 weeks after conception.Medically speaking,this is referred to as a(n)_______ birth.

A) early-term
B) mature
C) full-term
D) pre-term

Question 30

Any substance ingested by a pregnant woman that can cause a fetal abnormality is called a ________.

A) tetrad
B) colostrum
C) gamete
D) teratogen

Question 31

An episiotomy is a surgical incision in a woman's ________.

A) cervix
B) vagina
C) perineum
D) uterus

Question 32

Although Molly's first baby was born head-first,in her second delivery,her baby was born bottom-first.This second birth is called ________.

A) stillbirth
B) backward birth
C) breech birth
D) cesarean birth

Question 33

A woman would be in second stage labor when ________.

A) the amniotic sac bursts
B) the cervix begins to dilate
C) she begins to experience Braxton Hicks contractions
D) contractions involve the muscles of the abdomen as well as the uterus

Question 34

The U.S.Supreme Court decision in Roe v.Wade accomplished which of the following?

A) legally required abortions to be performed only in a United States hospital
B) legalized abortion procedures in the United States
C) legally required the coverage of abortion procedures in private health insurance plans
D) legally required parental involvement in a minor's decision to have an abortion

Question 35

The most common cause of miscarriage is often a result of ________.

A) one or more serious genetic fetal abnormalities
B) having an older father and younger mother
C) a mother's physical activity
D) a mother's sexual activity

Question 36

________ involves the insertion of a small tube through the cervix and into the uterus to obtain a placental tissue sample.

A) Amniocentesis
B) Ultrasound
C) Chorionic villus sampling
D) Laparoscopy

Question 37

Rebecca chose to have a medical abortion,which means a(n)________.

A) abortion performed for medical reasons
B) late-term abortion method
C) drug or drugs administered to terminate a pregnancy
D) drug or drugs administered to prevent complications during surgical abortion

Question 38

When Patrick was born,the doctor performed a widely used assessment on him immediately after he was delivered,called the ________.

A) APGAR score
B) neonate score
C) fetal response score
D) hCG score

Question 39

Sybil is clearly in stage one labor.Her midwife knows this because it is characterized by ________.

A) dilation of the cervix
B) bleeding
C) desire to push
D) delivery of the placenta

Question 40

The surgical abortion procedure used in the second trimester is called ________.

A) hysterectomy
B) vacuum aspiration
C) dilation and evacuation
D) medications such as RU-486

Question 41

Barry and Barbara confide to their family members that their baby is a "test tube baby," which means that ________.

A) its embryonic and fetal development occurred in a test tube
B) it was fertilized outside its mother's body
C) its embryonic development occurred outside its mother's body
D) it was conceived with artificial eggs and sperm

Question 42

Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)is nearly the same as in vitro fertilization (IVT)except that:

A) in GIFT, fertilization occurs naturally in the fallopian tubes.
B) in GIFT, ova are extracted from a woman's ovaries during laparoscopy.
C) in GIFT, the sperm and eggs may be from the couple or from donors.
D) GIFT is not covered by most private health insurances.

Question 43

Sandra had been struggling with infertility.Her doctor recommended she have a(n)________,which would allow her doctor to have a direct,internal look at the ovaries,fallopian tubes,and uterus.

A) endometrial biopsy
B) hysterosalpingogram
C) IVF
D) laparoscopy

Question 44

According to the text,when considering adoption,it is important to consider all of the following except ________.

A) cost
B) whether you prefer a child from your home country or from a foreign country
C) if you need to have a child with your genes
D) the child's IQ

Question 45

Infertility is due to a male sperm factor (e.g.,low number,poor quality,or low mobility)________ of the time.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 40%
D) 65%

Question 46

The problem of infertility related to sperm cells may include all of the following except ________.

A) too few sperm cells are ejaculated
B) if the vas deferens does not allow passage of sperm cells
C) if they lack the enzymes required to penetrate the ovum
D) poor sleeping habits

Question 47

During childbirth,Jennifer received pain medication that involved the insertion of a small tube near the base of her spine and into the fluid that surrounded her spinal cord.Doctors refer to this method as a(an)_____.

A) canula
B) sedative
C) anesthesia
D) epidural

Question 48

Infertility due to blocked Fallopian tubes is most commonly caused by which of the following?

A) untreated sexually transmitted infections that lead to pelvic inflammatory diseases
B) irregularity of a woman's menstrual cycle
C) sperm cells that cannot swim well enough to move up the Fallopian tubes
D) a zygote that fails to implant on the uterine wall

Question 49

All of the following reasons have contributed to the increase in C section births except for which one?

A) The average age at which women give birth has risen, thereby increasing the possibility of vaginal birth complications.
B) C sections pose fewer risks to the mother's health than vaginal delivery.
C) More mothers are personally choosing to have C sections for a variety of reasons.
D) C sections are twice as profitable for hospitals than are uncomplicated vaginal births.

Question 50

All of the following are true about postpartum depression,except that it ________.

A) is a clearly defined psychological disorder
B) involves many of the symptoms of other forms of depression
C) typically involves a troubling lack of interest in the new baby
D) is brought on about ambivalence about the new baby

Question 51

Increasing age in women is _____________.

A) not a factor in fertility.
B) associated with decreased fertility.
C) associated with increased fertility.
D) is only a factor in fertility when women are over 45 years old.

Question 52

________ involves the fertilization of eggs by sperm,in vitro,with the fertilized eggs being transferred back to the female's fallopian tube using a laparoscope.

A) Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
B) Embryo transplant
C) Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
D) In vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 53

In ________,a single sperm cell from the man is directly injected,using a microscopic needle,into each harvested egg from the woman.The resulting zygote is then transferred after a few days into the woman's uterus.

A) IVF
B) GIFT
C) ZIFT
D) ICSI

Question 54

According to the text,a woman may use sperm from a donor for ART procedures for many reasons.These reasons include all of the following except for which one?

A) She cannot produce viable eggs.
B) Her partner does not produce viable sperm.
C) She is not in a relationship but wants to conceive a child.
D) She is in a same-sex relationship in which a child is desired.

Question 55

Which fertility testing method would require the use of an X-ray?

A) semen analysis
B) post-coital exam
C) hysterosalpingogram
D) endometrial biopsy

Question 56

In an attempt to get pregnant,Jasmine had a procedure that involved inserting a small tube through her cervix and injecting sperm directly into her uterus.This reproductive technology is known as ________.

A) IUI
B) IVF
C) GIFT
D) Clomid

Question 57

Infertility problems affect about ________ couples of reproductive age.

A) 2%
B) 4%
C) 10%
D) 37%

Question 58

Most doctors and midwives recommend waiting at least ________ after birth to have intercourse.

A) 6 days
B) until she is through breastfeeding
C) 6 weeks
D) until their child is in school

Question 59

The combined pregnancy rate for all ART methods is approaching ________ for women under the age of 35.

A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%

Question 60

In an effort to become pregnant after many years of trying,more and more couples are turning to ________,which involves the removal of mature eggs from a female's ovary and fertilizing them with sperm in a laboratory before surgically implanting them in the woman's uterus.

A) gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
B) embryo transplant
C) zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
D) in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Question 61

Describe the status of C-sections today,and discuss possible reasons why there are so many C-sections.

Question 62

What are the stages of labor and how do they progress?

Question 63

Discuss infertility,including the causes,testing,and treatment options.Describe the fertility testing a couple might encounter if they were experiencing infertility.

Question 64

Describe the journey of the sperm and egg from ejaculation and ovulation to conception,and then discuss the events that occur from conception to implantation.

Question 65

Discuss the fetal development through the three trimesters of pregnancy.