Deck 10: Gender: Expectations, Roles, and Behaviors

Question 1

Ryan was born genetically male but has external genitals that are completely female.He would be referred to as _______.

A) male
B) female
C) transsexual
D) intersexed

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_____ comprise(s)a set of behaviors,attitudes and emotions that are generally socially expected for men and women in a given culture.

A) Gender identity
B) Sexual orientation
C) Gender roles
D) Self-concept

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following statements about gender and gender identity is true?

A) Gender identity is only formed through environmental influences.
B) Gender is more of a biological trait than a psychological trait.
C) Gender is an expression of who people are as sexual beings.
D) For most people, their biological sex is rarely the same as their gender identity.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A) "Sex" and "gender" are both dichotomous classifications.
B) "Sex" refers to biological characteristics, whereas "gender" is the social construction of femininity and masculinity.
C) "Sex" and "gender" refer to the same thing.
D) Both "sex" and "gender" are biological constructs.

Question 5

________ is something we learn or construct for ourselves based upon our social and cultural experiences in childhood and throughout life.

A) Gender equity
B) Gender
C) Sex
D) Androgyny

Question 6

________ refers to the masculinity-femininity dimension of our basic nature as humans.

A) Sex
B) Orientation
C) Gender
D) Self-concept

Question 7

Intersexed babies may be born with the following conditions except that they________.

A) are genetically male but have external genitals that are completely female
B) are genetically female but have external genitals that are completely male
C) are genetically female but have external genitals that are ambiguous
D) have no genetic sex

Question 8

________ was the first widely publicized person to receive sex reassignment surgery,and is considered a pioneer in the social awareness of transgender issues.

A) Christine McAuliffe
B) Christine Applebee
C) Christine Martin
D) Christine Jorgensen

Question 9

The condition of being born with ambiguous genitalia because the fetus did not develop male or female genitalia is most commonly caused by:

A) hormonal imbalances in the uterus during fetal development.
B) the use of drugs by the mother during pregnancy.
C) genetic abnormalities found in some ethnic groups
D) None of these. Scientists do not know what causes ambiguous genitalia.

Question 10

Kyle is genetically a male; this means he received a(n)________.

A) X chromosome from his mother, and a Y chromosome from his father
B) Y chromosome from his mother, and a Y chromosome from his father
C) X chromosome from his mother, and an X chromosome from his father
D) Y chromosome from his mother, and an X chromosome from his father

Question 11

Instead of the typical XY pairing,some males may have an XXY chromosome configuration that may result in ________.

A) Klinefelter syndrome
B) complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
C) hermaphroditism
D) Turner syndrome

Question 12

The gender effects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)on girls cause them to ________.

A) be overly feminine in their patterns of behaviors
B) develop the usual patterns of sex-typed behaviors
C) engage in many sex-atypical behaviors
D) display no difference in sex-typed behavior

Question 13

Celebrities such as David Bowie,Grace Jones,RuPaul,Peaches,and Chris Colfer could be called ________,because through their dress,actions,and attitudes they challenge what it means to be masculine or feminine.

A) gender-benders
B) confused gender
C) gender dysphoric
D) gender identifiers

Question 14

The most common conditions associated with Turner syndrome include which of the following?

A) excessive fingernail growth
B) rapid sexual development in puberty
C) heart abnormalities
D) excessive tallness

Question 15

Christopher has been diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome.If he displayed the most common physical signs and symptoms,which of the following would that include?

A) tendency to be shorter than average
B) breast development in puberty
C) larger than normal testicles
D) excessive facial hair

Question 16

In the presence of the Y sex chromosome,male hormones called ________ are secreted.This causes the fetus to develop testicles,a penis,and male internal sexual anatomy.

A) estradiols
B) HCGs
C) androgens
D) progesterones

Question 17

Your ________ was determined by your DNA at conception,but your ________ developed during the months and years after conception.

A) maleness; femaleness
B) sex; gender
C) gender; sex
D) sexual desire; gender identification

Question 18

As an infant,Suzie was diagnosed with ________,which is caused by damage to one of the pair of X chromosomes.

A) Klinefelter syndrome
B) complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
C) hermaphroditism
D) Turner syndrome

Question 19

Pat is biologically female but perceives her gender as male.Which of the following terms best describes her?

A) androgynous
B) transgendered
C) male
D) female

Question 20

Pat's gender identity is the opposite of his biological sex.He would be referred to as ________.

A) having an identity crisis.
B) confused.
C) transgender.
D) dysfunctional.

Question 21

________ refers to the desire or insistence that one is of the other sex,combined with persistent discomfort about one's biological sex or a sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex.

A) Homosexuality
B) Gender inconsistency
C) Transvestism
D) Gender identity disorder

Question 22

Men are ________ as likely as women to be portrayed as problem-solvers in television programs.

A) twice
B) three times
C) four times
D) five times

Question 23

A ________ individual may be a biological male who perceives herself as female,and is uncomfortable with her male sexual body and society's expectations that she "behaves like a male."

A) transvestite
B) hermaphrodic
C) transgender
D) gender incoherenent

Question 24

_____ refers to stress or discomfort stemming from the self-knowledge that one's biological sex does not conform to his or her personal gender identity.

A) Homosexuality
B) Gender inconsistency
C) Transvestism
D) Gender dysphoria

Question 25

If Pat is receiving therapy for gender anxiety issues that are associated with being transgender,his therapy most likely revolves around ________.

A) helping him understand and accept himself for who he is
B) helping him figure out what caused this disorder
C) assisting Pat in practicing behaviors to revert back to the correct gender
D) conversion therapy

Question 26

When male-to-female transsexuals receive the female hormones estrogen and progesterone,which of the following changes is likely to result?

A) breasts get smaller
B) fat deposits develop on the arms
C) voice deepens
D) growth of facial hair decreases

Question 27

Which of the following are findings based on the research on gender messages and TV shows?

A) TV shows emphasize attractiveness in male characters and strength in female characters.
B) On TV shows, men are shown to be comfortable when dealing with children and infants.
C) On TV shows, men are usually more dominant than women in male-female relationships.
D) On TV shows, marriage and family are portrayed as equally important to male and female characters.

Question 28

In terms of same-sex friendships,boys tend to have ________ groups of friends,while girls typically have ________ groups of friends.

A) closer; distant
B) smaller; larger
C) happier; unhappier
D) larger; smaller

Question 29

In the story of the mother who was concerned that people be able to tell that her baby was a girl,what did the mother do to ensure that her baby would not be mistaken for a boy?

A) had her ears pierced
B) taped a pink bow to the child's bald head
C) had a sign made that said "I am a girl"
D) dressed her only in pink

Question 30

If Tony is like most preschool children in the U.S.,he watches TV an average of ________ per week.

A) 3 hours
B) 12 hours
C) 30 hours
D) 48 hours

Question 31

Which of the following statements reflects how gender understandings are embedded in our perceptions of the world?

A) Most people can easily violate gender expectations.
B) People use their understanding of gender differences to predict a great deal about a person's behavior.
C) Perceptions and expectations of gender do not start until a few years after birth.
D) Male and female TV characters rarely follow traditional gender roles.

Question 32

Which of the following individuals is most likely to be labelled transgendered?

A) Molly, who was born with a combination of male and female genitalia
B) Ryan, who was born with ambiguous genitalia
C) Jo, who is a biological male who perceives herself as female, and is uncomfortable with her male sexual body and society's expectations that she "behave like a man"
D) Alex, who was biologically male but underwent sex reassignment surgery to become biologically female

Question 33

Approximately ________ of the characters in television programs are male.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 65%
D) 80%

Question 34

If Karen and Beth are pretty typical of most children,they will have a preference for friends and playmates of ________.

A) their own sex
B) different sexes
C) different ages
D) all the same ages

Question 35

If John is typical of most math and science teachers,which of the following would be true of how he views male students?

A) He will provide more homework to boys.
B) He will have more negative attitudes toward boys as compared to the girls.
C) He will have more positive attitudes and maintain higher expectations of boys as compared to girls.
D) He will assume boys are not as good at math and science.

Question 36

Like most children,Bev and Barbie's ideas of gender roles are affected by which of the following?

A) their chromosome make up
B) how much testosterone they have
C) the color of their hair
D) watching male and female characters on TV

Question 37

________ refers to transgender persons who,in varying degrees,transition from their biological sex to the sex that conforms to their gender identity.

A) Transsexual
B) Transvestite
C) Gender dysphoric
D) Bisexual

Question 38

A trend in which Americans travel to countries such as Thailand to have sex reassignment surgery at half the cost of American hospitals is called _______.

A) medical leave
B) medical travel
C) medical vacation
D) medical tourism

Question 39

Children who grow up without television tend to be ________.

A) more stereotyped in their attitudes about gender
B) less stereotyped in their attitudes about gender
C) no different in their attitudes about gender
D) unclear in their attitudes about gender

Question 40

Society influences and molds the behavior of its members through a process known as ________.

A) scripting
B) role play
C) socialization
D) gender differentiation

Question 41

When it comes to differences in sexual attitudes and desires,women are more likely than men to display which of the following?

A) more tolerance of casual encounters
B) more likely to masturbate
C) seeing the goals of sex as physical pleasure
D) focusing on the relationship aspects of sexual activities

Question 42

When researchers find gender differences-such as men's sexual interest and desires being greater than women's-they are basing their conclusions on ________.

A) averages
B) assumptions
C) qualitative evaluations
D) faulty statistics

Question 43

________ is an assumption about a person based solely on his or her gender.

A) Gender stereotype
B) Gender identity
C) Sexual role
D) Androgyny

Question 44

Audry is now ________ years old,and like most children her age,she now has a clear sense of the difference between masculine and feminine sex roles in the culture.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 45

________ is commonly known as a "sex-change operation."

A) Sexual reconstruction
B) Sex reassignment surgery
C) Genital mutilation
D) Cosmetic surgery

Question 46

Men have been found to display which of the following sexual attitudes and desires more than women?

A) less accepting of premarital sex
B) more disapproving of extramarital affairs
C) more concerned about what others think
D) thinking more about sex

Question 47

Female-to-male sexual reassignment surgery may involve which of the following?

A) metadioplasty
B) orchiectomy
C) vaginoplasty
D) penectomy

Question 48

Phonosurgery refers to a procedure to ________.

A) remove facial hair
B) enlarge breasts
C) raise voice pitch
D) remove testicles

Question 49

A researcher observed young girls whispering in front of other children with the intent of making them feel left out on a playground.How would the researcher best label this behavior?

A) gender stereotypes
B) intuition
C) direct aggression
D) social alienation

Question 50

When examining gender differences,the author points out that it is important to not only consider averages,but also to consider ________.

A) who is highest
B) who is lowest
C) how the two groups overlap
D) how they diverge

Question 51

When female-to-male transsexuals receive the male hormone testosterone,all of the following changes are likely to result except that ________.

A) voice deepens
B) body hair growth increases
C) muscles enlarge
D) fat deposits on hips

Question 52

What we know about communication style between the sexes is that ________.

A) males and females communicate similarly
B) males tend to use more language
C) males and females communicate differently
D) females are more likely to communicate poorly

Question 53

________ refers to which gender a person is primarily attracted to romantically,emotionally,and sexually.

A) Dysphoria
B) Sexual orientation
C) Preference
D) Gender identity

Question 54

Social alienation refers to all of the following except ________.

A) shunning
B) malicious gossip
C) spreading negative rumors
D) shyness

Question 55

Audrey is now 3 years old.Which of the following understandings of gender has she developed at this age?

A) Audrey rejects playing with ninja warriors.
B) Audrey dreams of a gender appropriate career such as a ballerina.
C) Audrey knows that when she grows up, she will be a mother and not a father.
D) Audrey has a sense of herself as a female.

Question 56

When it comes to research on intuition,the findings show that ________ at "reading people."

A) women and men are equally good
B) women are better than men
C) men are better than women
D) There is not enough research to know if there is a difference.

Question 57

When we add social alienation to the definition of aggressive relational behavior,we find that ________.

A) boys are still more aggressive than girls
B) girls are still less aggressive as boys
C) girls are equally or more aggressive than boys
D) boys do not know how to act this way

Question 58

________ refers to children's understanding that a person's gender stays the same even if the person violates expected and traditional sex role behaviors.

A) Gender identification
B) Gender equality
C) Gender constancy
D) Gender stability

Question 59

One of the strongest and most widely accepted stereotypes is that men are ________ than women.

A) less active
B) more aggressive
C) more cooperative
D) less personable

Question 60

Looking around the annual Halloween party,the teacher notes that,just like last year,________ of Halloween costumes are gender-appropriate.

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 65%
D) 90%

Question 61

The ________ argument downplays genetic influences and focuses on sociocultural factors as responsible for producing gender differences.

A) nature
B) nurture
C) gender
D) sex

Question 62

Numerous researchers have suggested that the psychological advantages experienced by people who score high in androgyny may be due to the presence of ________.

A) feminine traits
B) positive qualities in general
C) masculine traits
D) high self-esteem

Question 63

If Darcy is like most women,she tends to express personal problems to friends she is close to because she ________.

A) thinks it feels good
B) wants support and understanding
C) wants a solution
D) likes to hear herself talk

Question 64

Discuss the concept known as androgyny.

Question 65

The ________ argument contends that differences are rooted in our biology and are passed down to us through our genetic heritage.

A) nature
B) nurture
C) gender
D) sex

Question 66

Men tend to express personal problems to people that they are close to because they ________.

A) think it feels good
B) want support and understanding
C) want a solution
D) like to hear themselves talk

Question 67

Describe the difference between Klinefelter syndrome and Turner syndrome.

Question 68

Studies have found that people who are more androgynous appear to be ________ than those who are strongly sex-typed.

A) more confused
B) happier and better adjusted
C) more immature
D) less stable

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true of Sandra Bem's original methods of measuring androgyny if they are to be applied to nonwestern cultures?

A) The methods should not be changed at all when applied to nonwestern cultures.
B) The methods are completely inappropriate for nonwestern cultures and can never be adapted to them at all.
C) The methods may need to be reconceptualized when applied to nonwestern cultures.
D) The methods can be applied to Indian cultures but not to other nonwestern cultures.

Question 70

________ refers to people who perceive themselves as having both strong masculine and strong feminine traits.

A) Transsexual
B) Undifferentiated
C) Androgynous
D) Transgender

Question 71

Discuss the central findings of research on the content of most television programming as it relates to gender.

Question 72

Sandra Bem's groundbreaking gender research in the 1970s proposed ________.

A) a two-dimensional model of gender
B) a better way to think of masculinity
C) additional categories for femininity
D) new names for those who are transgendered

Question 73

How do gender stereotypes develop?

Question 74

Further refinement of the androgyny concept looks at which of the following traits?

A) desirable physical traits
B) undesirable biological traits
C) desirable genetic traits
D) undesirable feminine and masculine traits

Question 75

Some have argued that differences exist in humans as part of nature's grand design,which has enabled humans to survive and evolve as a species.From this perspective,the reason men are more aggressive and women are more intuitive is that these characteristics are considered ________.

A) gender stereotypes
B) adaptive mechanisms
C) survival of the fittest
D) biological requirements

Question 76

As a person who is capable of integrating both masculinity and femininity into his gender role,Pat would be considered ________.

A) transsexual
B) androgynous
C) homosexual
D) undifferentiated

Question 77

Bem's Sex-Role Inventory allows a person to determine his or her degree of which of the following?

A) transsexuality
B) transgender
C) intersexuality
D) androgyny

Question 78

Discuss the influences of parents on our gender role development.