Deck 15: Animal Evolution

Question 1

The colonial theory of animal origins states that animals ____.

A)migrated on land from sponge colonies in the ocean
B)originated in the colonial geologic period
C)evolved from autotrophic green alga colonies
D)evolved from a heterotrophic protist that formed colonies
E)colonized land before they colonized the seas

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which is the most recently evolved embryonic tissue in animals?  

A)mesoderm
B)ectoderm
C)endoderm
D)periderm
E)epiderm

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Jellyfish are ____.

A)polyp forms of cnidarians
B)medusae forms of cnidarians
C)spongiforms of cnidarians
D)spongiforms of echinoderms
E)polyp forms of echinoderms

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which is a characteristic of all animals?  

A)they develop from embryos
B)they reproduce only sexually
C)they are always motile
D)some are producers
E)some are unicellular

Question 5

Snails are examples of ____.

A)cephalopods
B)pseudopods
C)monopods
D)gastropods
E)polypods

Question 6

Squids are examples of ____.

A)cephalopods
B)pseudopods
C)monopods
D)gastropods
E)polypods

Question 7

Which animal lacks a "true" coelom?  

A)flatworms only
B)annelids only
C)roundworms only
D)flatworms and annelids
E)flatworms and roundworms

Question 8

Sponges are ____.

A)herbivores
B)filter feeders
C)scavengers
D)predators
E)carnivores

Question 9

Which is true of the cells of a choanoflagellate colony?  

A)each cell is genetically unique
B)each cell is genetically identical
C)each cell has a different chromosome number
D)each cell performs the same function as the other cells
E)each cell has the ability to switch their sex from male to female and back again

Question 10

Which of the organisms below give support for the colonial theory of animal origins?  

A)Spriggina
B)choanoflagellates
C)Ediacarans
D)trilobites
E)club fungi

Question 11

Which animal lacks symmetry,has no embryonic tissues,and has intracellular digestion?  

A)a cnidarian
B)a flatworm
C)a sponge
D)an annelid
E)a planaria

Question 12

Sea anemones are ____.

A)polyp forms of cnidarians
B)medusa forms of cnidarians
C)spongiforms of cnidarians
D)spongiforms of echinoderms
E)polyp forms of echinoderms

Question 13

Which animal has radial symmetry,a gastrovascular cavity,and the same opening for the entry of food and expulsion of waste?  

A)a cnidarian
B)a flatworm
C)an annelid
D)a mollusk
E)a sponge

Question 14

Most animal lineages evolved during the ____ period.

A)Cretaceous
B)Devonian
C)Ordovician
D)Silurian
E)Cambrian

Question 15

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of a(n)____.

A)cnidarian
B)roundworm
C)echinoderm
D)corals
E)flatworm

Question 16

Which trait allowed for evolutionary innovations in body form?  

A)bilateral symmetry
B)segmentation
C)coelomate evolution
D)ectoderm development
E)gastrovascular cavities

Question 17

Drugs used to treat AIDS and herpes virus infections are synthetic versions of compounds found in ____.

A)sea anemones
B)sponges
C)roundworms
D)cnidarians
E)planaria

Question 18

What are nematocysts?  

A)reproductive cells
B)excretory organs
C)sets of muscle cells
D)circulatory cells
E)defensive cells

Question 19

Which animals are radially symmetrical?  

A)annelids
B)arthropods
C)cnidarians
D)roundworms
E)flatworms

Question 20

Humans have ____ symmetry and are ____.

A)radial; protostomes
B)radial; deuterostomes
C)bilateral; deuterostomes
D)bilateral; protostomes
E)biradial; deuterostomes

Question 21

The smartest of all invertebrates is the ____.

A)octopus
B)squid
C)slug
D)ant
E)crab

Question 22

A mite is most closely related to which of the following?  

A)ants
B)spiders
C)isopods
D)leeches
E)flukes

Question 23

The notochord is most closely associated with the ____.

A)muscular system
B)digestive system
C)skeletal system
D)urinary system
E)reproductive system

Question 24

Which group of organisms has an exoskeleton?  

A)annelids
B)arthropods
C)cnidarians
D)roundworms
E)flatworms

Question 25

A horseshoe crab uses its long extended spine for what purpose?  

A)defending its territory
B)digging for clams
C)fighting for mates
D)protection from predators
E)flipping itself right side up

Question 26

Most tunicate adults are ____.

A)herbivores
B)photoautotrophs
C)carnivores
D)scavengers
E)filter feeders

Question 27

This arthropod is the vector for Lyme disease.

A)spider
B)tick
C)wasp
D)mosquito
E)mites

Question 28

Shrimps,crabs,and lobsters are examples of ____.

A)cephalopods
B)gastropods
C)mollusks
D)arachnids
E)crustaceans

Question 29

What is the function of a clitellum in earthworms?  

A)anchoring an animal to its substrate
B)digestion
C)cushions organs
D)glues two organisms together for sperm exchange
E)keeps blood from clotting

Question 30

A water-vascular system that operates the tube feet is characteristic of the ____.

A)arthropods
B)annelids
C)chordates
D)mollusks
E)echinoderms

Question 31

As an adult,which typical chordate embryonic traits do adult tunicates retain?  

A)hollow, dorsal nerve cord
B)notochord
C)gill slits
D)tail extending beyond anus
E)carbohydrate "tunic"

Question 32

Horseshoe crabs have lived in the earth's oceans for ____ years.

A)about 4 thousand
B)close to 400 thousand
C)less than 40 million
D)over 400 million
E)over 4 billion

Question 33

Reef-building polyps get their sugars from mutualistic ____.

A)green algae
B)cyanobacteria
C)dinoflagellates
D)roundworms
E)planarians

Question 34

Of the following invertebrate groups,the group most closely related to the chordates is the _____.

A)annelids
B)mollusks
C)crustaceans
D)echinoderms
E)cnidarians

Question 35

Which of the following is a defining trait found in chordate embryos?  

A)a pseudocoelom
B)a larval stage
C)a coelom
D)limb buds
E)gill slits

Question 36

The tube feet of sea stars are used primarily for ____.

A)excretion of excess water
B)locomotion
C)reproduction
D)circulation
E)sensation

Question 37

The cause of schistosomiasis is a ____.

A)fluke
B)tapeworm
C)planarian
D)leech
E)roundworm

Question 38

Which of the following invertebrates is most closely related to vertebrates?  

A)lancelets
B)tunicates
C)sea stars
D)earthworms
E)leeches

Question 39

Animals that use a radula to scrape up algae are _____.

A)gastropods
B)bivalves
C)annelids
D)roundworms
E)leeches

Question 40

Which organism is not an arachnid?  

A)spider
B)scorpion
C)tick
D)ant
E)mite

Question 41

How do turtles differ from other reptiles?  

A)they are mostly predators
B)they do not have internal fertilization
C)they give birth to live young
D)they do not have teeth
E)they must live part of their live in water

Question 42

Which group was first to have an amniotic egg?  

A)birds
B)reptiles
C)amphibians
D)bony fishes
E)mammals

Question 43

Tetrapods are most closely related to ____.

A)lungfish
B)ray-finned fish
C)cartilaginous jawed fish
D)cartilaginous jawless fish
E)lancelets

Question 44

Which organ present in crocodiles is most like that of birds?  

A)lungs
B)kidneys
C)heart
D)eyes
E)skin

Question 45

The vertebral column develops from the ____.

A)notochord
B)hollow, dorsal nerve cord
C)gill slits
D)tail
E)coelom

Question 46

Although some early amniotes developed endothermy,which amniote is an ectotherm?  

A)armadillo
B)eagle
C)snake
D)platypus
E)roadrunner

Question 47

Which animal has eggs with waterproofing keratin,well-developed kidneys,internal fertilization,and is an ectotherm?  

A)a snake
B)a dog
C)a toad
D)an owl
E)more than one of these

Question 48

Birds and mammals share which characteristic?  

A)ectothermy
B)air pocketed bones
C)bladders
D)four-chambered heart
E)three-chambered heart

Question 49

Which was an early tetrapod innovation?  

A)limbs evolved from dorsal fins
B)cartilaginous pectoral girdle
C)four chambered heart
D)stereoscopic vision
E)inner ear changes to detect airborne sounds

Question 50

Which part of the amphibian life cycle prevents them from being fully terrestrial?  

A)finding a mate
B)reproduction
C)respiration
D)obtaining food
E)locomotion

Question 51

Amniotes differ from amphibians by ____.

A)their size
B)possession of lungs
C)internal fertilization
D)laying of eggs
E)being tetrapods

Question 52

A tuna is a ____ fish.

A)ray-finned
B)lobe-finned
C)cartilaginous
D)jawless
E)invertebrate

Question 53

Which was the most likely food source for the first terrestrial tetrapods?  

A)leaves
B)insects
C)small mammals
D)worms
E)eggs

Question 54

Which physical feature makes it possible for amniotes to be completely terrestrial?  

A)their skin
B)their lungs
C)their eggs
D)their four limbs
E)their brains

Question 55

The vertebrate lung first appeared in ____.

A)fishes
B)amphibians
C)reptiles
D)birds
E)mammals

Question 56

A typical amniote has ____,but fish do not.

A)a backbone
B)waterproof skin
C)gills
D)external fertilization
E)a cartilaginous skeleton

Question 57

How do ray-finned fish keep from sinking?  

A)they are constantly swimming
B)their fins are constantly moving
C)they have lungs that are always filled with air
D)they have a swim bladder that is filled with gas
E)they have a skeleton that is less dense than the surrounding water

Question 58

Sharks differ from most other fishes in that they lack ____.

A)lungs
B)scales
C)bony skeletons
D)paired appendages
E)jaws

Question 59

Which vertebrate is a fish,has a cartilaginous skeleton,no jaws,and a tooth-covered tongue?  

A)shark
B)lamprey
C)coelacanth
D)goldfish
E)lungfish

Question 60

Evidence suggesting that snakes evolved from ancestral lizards includes the fact that _____.

A)some give live birth to their young
B)some have bony remnants of hind limbs
C)all have internal fertilization
D)all have amniotic eggs
E)some actually have legs

Question 61

One feature shared by modern humans and lacking in other Homo species is ____.

A)a chin
B)a large brain
C)bipedalism
D)tool making
E)legs longer than arms

Question 62

Which is the closest living relative to a bird?  

A)lizards
B)crocodiles
C)bats
D)dinosaurs
E)winged insects

Question 63

Which chordate has a four-chambered heart,no bladder,no teeth,and lack of a penis in the males?  

A)a bird
B)a crocodile
C)a bat
D)a frog
E)a shark

Question 64

The defining trait of hominins is ____.

A)large brain
B)shoulder that can rotate 360 degrees
C)bipedalism
D)extended care of young
E)nails on fingers and toes

Question 65

Humans are least closely related to the ____.

A)chimpanzee
B)lemur
C)gorilla
D)tarsier
E)gibbon

Question 66

Which animal nurses its young,has forward facing eyes,nails on its fingers and toes,and a moist nose?  

A)a lemur
B)a tarsier
C)a bird
D)a new world monkey
E)a human

Question 67

Among the following,bats are most closely related to ____.

A)birds
B)rats
C)foxes
D)squirrels
E)monkeys

Question 68

The wet-nose and cleft upper lip of the _____ does not allow these primates the range of facial expressions and vocalizations observed in the anthropoids.

A)orangutan
B)lemur
C)spider monkey
D)gorilla
E)human

Question 69

The earliest hominin fossils were found in ____.

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)Australia
D)the South Pacific
E)Europe

Question 70

Which geologic periods are known as the "Age of Reptiles"?  

A)Devonian and Silurian
B)Jurassic and Cretaceous
C)Permian and Triassic
D)Triassic and Jurassic
E)Carboniferous and Permian

Question 71

A feature that distinguishes New World and Old World monkeys is ____.

A)a tail
B)arm vs.leg length
C)bipedalism
D)a prehensile tail
E)a small brain

Question 72

Birds are the only modern amniotes with ____.

A)wings
B)feathers
C)a four-chambered heart
D)ectothermic metabolism
E)more than one of these

Question 73

Which primate group is classified as hominins?  

A)bonobos
B)gorillas
C)humans
D)gibbons
E)orangutans

Question 74

A ____ lays water-proof eggs and nourishes its young with milk from glands.

A)turtle
B)shark
C)platypus
D)rat
E)Gila monster

Question 75

The most diverse of the mammals are the ____.

A)rats
B)bats
C)dogs
D)cats
E)equines

Question 76

Our closest extinct relative is ____.

A)Homo erectus
B)Homo habilis
C)Homo neanderthalensis
D)Australopithecus afarensis
E)Australopithecus africanus

Question 77

The first known hominin species to leave Africa was ____.

A)Homo sapiens
B)Homo erectus
C)Homo habilis
D)Australopithecus afarensis
E)Homo neanderthalensis

Question 78

What are the defining traits of anthropoids?  

A)diurnal, poor vision
B)diurnal, have color vision
C)diurnal, black and white vision
D)nocturnal, color vision
E)nocturnal, poor night vision

Question 79

The first known member of the genus Homo is ____.

A)H.erectus
B)H.sapiens
C)H.neanderthalensis
D)H.habilis
E)H.floresiensis

Question 80

Many primate adaptations were responses to living in ____.

A)warm climates
B)trees
C)underground burrows
D)deserts
E)grasslands