Deck 8: From Toddlers to Preschoolers

Question 1

One of the first things to assess in a clinic visit is the chief complaint. When obtaining the chief complaint, the information that the nurse is looking for is:

A) whether or not immunizations are up to date.
B) current signs and symptoms or events leading to the visit.
C) whether or not anyone else in the family is sick.
D) current medications the child is taking.

Answer 1

Situation: In a clinic visit, the nurse must know the primary complaint of the patient.
Required: The information the nurse is looking for to obtain the primary complaint.
Justification: Taking notes of the patient's current signs and symptoms or events during the visit is important as it leads to the complaint made by the client.
Hence, the correct answer is (B) "current signs and symptoms or events leading to the visit."

Question 2

Separation anxiety is defined as

A) a normal stage of development.
B) a toddler's way to express anger and frustration.
C) specific behaviors small children display in reaction to pain.
D) distress caused by fear of abandonment.

Answer 2

Required: An experience of a child that best describes separation anxiety
Justification: "Separation anxiety" is a feeling of distress in a child brought about by his/her parting from one's parents.
Hence, the correct answer is (D) "distress caused by fear of abandonment."

Question 3

During the early years, it is important to encourage self-feeding and transition to cups and utensils in order to

A) decrease the risk of dental caries associated with bottle feeding.
B) reinforce self-regulation of intake.
C) foster motor skills.
D) foster independence.
E) all of the above.

Answer 3

Required: The importance of encouraging independence and switching to cups and utensils
Justification: It is vital to introduce and encourage independency and switching to cups and utensils during the early years. It "reinforces self-regulation of intake," it fosters motor skills, it promotes independence and it also reduces the risk of dental problems that goes with bottle feeding.
Hence, the correct answer is E
(A) "decrease the risk of dental caries associated with bottle feeding."
(B) "reinforce self-regulation of intake."
(C) "foster motor skills."
(D) "foster independence."
(E) "all of the above."

Question 4

Joey and Jason are 3-year-old twins who have come to the clinic today for a well-child check. Their mom reports that they are always fighting over their toys. What do you say to Mom?

A) They are experiencing separation anxiety from their toys.
B) Jealousy, competition, and fighting among siblings are characteristic of sibling rivalry, and some quarreling is normal.
C) Fighting over toys is the leading cause of unintentional-injury-related deaths in 3-year-olds.
D) All of the above

Question 5

A 5-year-old male is being admitted to the hospital. According to Erikson, in which of the following stages is this child?

A) Phallic stage
B) Trust vs. mistrust
C) Initiative vs. guilt
D) Preoperational

Question 6

A nurse is making rounds collecting vital signs. Which of the following sets of vital signs is abnormal?

A) A 5-year-old female: HR 102 beats/min, RR 24 resp/min, BP 90/65
B) A 2-year-old male: HR 140 beats/min, RR 32 resp/min, BP 86/45
C) A 5-year-old male: HR 150 beats/min, RR 48 resp/min, BP 70/45
D) A 3-year-old female: HR 110 beats/min, RR 28 resp/min, BP 76/40

Question 7

What question/questions will appropriately assess if a toddler is ready for potty training?

A) Is the child unhappy with wearing a wet or dirty diaper?
B) Is the child eating solid food?
C) Is the child physically able to get to the potty?
D) Can the child follow simple directions?
E) Choices a, c, and d

Question 8

Normal growth and development for a 2-year-old would include which of the following?

A) Taking turns with friends stacking blocks on top of one another
B) Writing own name
C) Beginning to display defiance
D) Catching a bounced ball and throwing it back overhand

Question 9

Children are anatomically different than adults. What are the differences?

A) Children have larger tongues and a greater proportion of soft tissue in and around the airway.
B) Children have less body surface area in relation to total weight.
C) Children have more elastic and collapsible airways.
D) All of the above
E) Choices a and c

Question 10

A 2-year-old female is having a temper tantrum at the day-care center. The best way for the caregiver to handle the situation is to: (select all that apply)

A) stay calm and collected.
B) reason with the child and tell her that she is too old to act in this manner.
C) follow through on appropriate predetermined consequences, such as "time-out."
D) ignore the child.