Deck 7: Ecology of Teaching

Question 1

According to Gardner's model, a person who is "people smart" is exhibiting what type of intelligence?

A) Logical-Mathematical
B) Spatial
C) Interpersonal
D) Intrapersonal

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Families should be included in special needs planning because

A) Parents will likely be implementing some of the training at home.
B) Although parents have no valuable information themselves, it's important for them to hear what the teacher has to say.
C) The teacher already knows exactly what goes on in the home but needs to confirm it with the parents.
D) The teacher will be the only one receiving training in how to best work with the child.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Davonte believes in not just accepting things just because they have been done before. Rather, he believes there has to be a logical reason for doing something. Davonte's position is one of

A) Rationalism
B) Traditionalism
C) Valuation
D) Maturation

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is true?

A) Boys have more interaction with teachers than girls.
B) Teachers generally respond to girls with instructions.
C) Teachers are more likely to reprimand girls.
D) Teachers give girls attention from a distance.

Question 5

The most powerful socializing influence of the school is

A) The teacher.
B) The peer group.
C) The custodian.
D) The school principal.

Question 6

Teacher B noticed a child in her class who is withdrawn and seems to have few friends. This child also seems to be aggressive, taking his anger out on the other children. Teacher B realizes at least one of the many reasons for such behavior is

A) Alcoholism in the family.
B) Violence in the family.
C) Both alcoholism and violence can cause these reactions.
D) No answers are correct.

Question 7

According to the categories found in your book, an example of an environmental risk is

A) Poverty.
B) Prenatal exposure to drugs.
C) Having a known genetic condition.
D) Lack of access to health care.

Question 8

The perception, acquired through negative experiences, that effort has no effect on outcomes is termed

A) Perception.
B) Zone of Proximal Development.
C) Learned Helplessness.
D) Risk.

Question 9

Children are likely to imitate a model that is perceived as

A) Cold.
B) Having little prestige.
C) Warm.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 10

Which leadership style results in a discounted, hostile but productive group in the classroom?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Uninvolved
D) Laissez-Faire

Question 11

Children who are socialized to be open, warm, committed to mutual dependence, cooperative, sensitive to the feelings of others, and respectful of adults and social convention are more likely to be

A) Logical in their approach to tasks.
B) Field-independent.
C) Field-dependent.
D) No answers apply.

Question 12

Children score higher on cognitive and academic tests when their parents

A) Have finished high school only.
B) Have finished high school and have at least some college.
C) Have finished high school and have at least a bachelor's degree.
D) No answers apply; Parents' educational level is not related to achievement.

Question 13

Marcus is studying to become an elementary teacher. His advisor suggested he take a class to improve his communication skills. Which of the following is true?

A) He should take the class; there is a link between communicating well and being a successful teacher.
B) He can take the class if he wants, but there is no link between successful teaching and communication skills.
C) There is a link between teaching and communicating, however it is in the opposite direction. Therefore, don't take the class since being a better communicator will actually make him a worse teacher.
D) There is a link between teaching and communicating; however, it is only found in preschool. Therefore, do not take the class.

Question 14

PL 99-457 authorized early intervention, which was designed to

A) Help only those children diagnosed with a specific condition.
B) Target all children who are at risk for developmental delay.
C) Target children from birth to age 2 who are at risk for developmental delay.
D) Decrease funding for at-risk children.

Question 15

With which method are you most likely to compare a child's performance to existing norms?

A) Anecdotal record
B) Rating scale
C) Time sample
D) Goal structure

Question 16

Which of the following is a factor which can put a child at risk for later negative outcome(s)?

A) Certain patterns of genetic inheritance
B) A poor prenatal environment
C) An unhealthy perinatal environment
D) All of these

Question 17

According to Gardner (1999), which would not be considered a type of intelligence?

A) Musical
B) Linguistic
C) Spatial
D) Individualistic

Question 18

Schools using the Comer model are seen as an extension of the

A) Family.
B) Neighborhood.
C) Title IX Amendment.
D) Church.

Question 19

The effect of parental alcoholism depends on the child's

A) Age.
B) Gender.
C) Relationship to his/her parents.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 20

According to Gardner's model, a person who is "body smart" is exhibiting what type of intelligence?

A) Logical-Mathematical
B) Naturalistic
C) Musical
D) Body-kinesthetic

Question 21

Children exposed to domestic violence are likely to

A) Be afraid a parent will be seriously injured or killed.
B) Be confused about the violence.
C) Feel guilty that they may have caused the violence.
D) All answers are correct.

Question 22

When little emphasis in a learning environment is placed on discussion, student ideas, or discovery learning, the method is considered _________ instruction.

Question 23

_________ refers to a policy of letting people do as they please.

Question 24

When Aronson & Patenoe (1996) used the "jigsaw-puzzle" method, the result was

A) An increase in social insults.
B) Children who were better able to finish a large puzzle piece by themselves.
C) Lower self-esteem among the children.
D) Improved attitudes toward school.

Question 25

After Martha gave her class a test, she compared their scores to a set of existing norms for their age. Martha most likely gave her class a(n) _________ test.

A) Hard
B) Standardized
C) Group
D) Authentic

Question 26

Standardized tests may not give an accurate assessment of a child's development because

A) Each child comes from a unique set of family experiences.
B) Maturational differences measured by standardized tests do not exist among children.
C) All children can control a pencil by a certain age.
D) None of the above; Standardized tests always provide an accurate assessment.

Question 27

The type of learning environment in which each student expects to have an equal chance of winning and to enjoy the activity (win or lose) is called

A) Cooperative.
B) Individualized.
C) Competitive.
D) Self-Paced.

Question 28

The most important influence on students' achievement is the ________________ teacher.

Question 29

_________ refers to a biological construct that involves interpretation of stimuli by the brain.

Question 30

If you believe that learning occurs spontaneously, and that the best learning occurs when children interact with materials and people in their environment, you are looking at learning as a

A) Process.
B) Preparation for living.
C) Product.
D) Preparation for learning.

Question 31

Traditional teaching settings are characterized by _________; whereas modern teaching settings are characterized by _________.

A) Large class size; small class size
B) Individualized with no sharing; Cooperative with much sharing
C) Older teachers; Younger teachers
D) Physical traits; Psychological traits

Question 32

Which is a strategy teachers should use to involve families in learning?

A) Keep the parents informed
B) Use the parents' ideas when working with the child
C) Maintain ongoing communication with the parents
D) All answers are correct

Question 33

Authentic assessment differs from other kinds of assessment in that authentic assessment

A) Relies on real performance.
B) Looks at mastery of a task.
C) Requires someone to administer (implement and interpret) the assessment.
D) Is not used in schools.

Question 34

The assignments in a cooperative learning environment are _________ whereas the assignments in an individualized learning environment are likely to be _________.

A) Somewhat Ambiguous; Clear
B) Clear; Somewhat Ambiguous
C) Continuous; Discontinuous
D) Passive; Aggressive

Question 35

When boys were given a craft project in an after-school group, within group aggression was linked to having a leader with what kind of leadership style?

Question 36

In the United States, the first formal mandate for educational accountability was

A) The Elementary Education Act.
B) The Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
C) The Individuals With Disabilities Act.
D) The No Child Left Behind Act.

Question 37

Marcus teaches fifth grade. In Marcus's classroom, learning is individualized and students are responsible for their own learning. We would characterize Marcus's classroom as

A) Teacher-Directed.
B) Learned-Directed.
C) Focused.
D) Extrinsic.

Question 38

When one student's achievement of a goal is unrelated to other students' achievement of that goal, this is called a(n)

A) Cooperative Goal Structure.
B) Competitive Goal Structure.
C) Individualized Goal Structure.
D) Team Goal Structure.

Question 39

Most victims of domestic violence are

A) Women.
B) Men.
C) Men and women are equally likely to be victims.
D) None of the answer choices are correct.

Question 40

Tania and Joe would like to help their four year old be ready for kindergarten next year. Which of the following is something they should not do?

A) Discourage writing, since the teacher will want it done a different way
B) Read books to the child
C) Encourage the child to ask questions
D) Give the child approval for trying new things

Question 41

Lin records everything a child does for a certain period of time each day. Lin is using what assessment method?

Question 42

The space between what a learner can do independently and what he or she can do while participating with more capable others is called the _________.

Question 43

The condition associated with prenatal alcohol exposure is known as _________.

Question 44

_________ instruction refers to a teaching setting in which the child's abilities rather than prescribed academic content provide the basis for the teaching techniques that are used.

Question 45

Any program designed to meet the special needs of the children with disabilities must involve the __________________.

Question 46

The differential treatment of groups of people because of their class background, and the reinforcement of those differences through values and practices of societal institutions is known as _________.

Question 47

Skills related to solving logical problems and performing mathematical calculations are considered _________ intelligence.

Question 48

Field-_________ learning style refers to the kind of person who works well in groups and perceives things in terms of the whole.

Question 49

Successful classroom managers are able to _________, which means they can deal with more than one activity at the same time.

Question 50

When time is viewed as a continuum, with no beginning and no end, this is called a _________-time orientation.

Question 51

John believes there has to be a logical reason to do something. John's belief is best characterized as _________.

Question 52

Teacher _______________ can be used to enable children to be tolerant and respectful of differences.

Question 53

A chronic, progressive, and potentially fatal disease characterized by excessive tolerance for and physical dependence on alcohol is called _________.

Question 54

_________ refers to the ability to withstand and rebound from crisis or persistent challenges.

Question 55

Children who live in families that are structured are found to have a(n) _________ cognitive style.

Question 56

Studies consistently show that _______________ have more interactions with teacher than do ______________.

Question 57

The ability to form a mental model of concrete objects and to manipulate parts in relation to each other is considered _________ intelligence.

Question 58

Risk factors affecting infants and children can be classified as genetic, prenatal, perinatal and ______________________.

Question 59

In _________________cultures, the emphasis on social relationships and getting along extends to possessions.

Question 60

The principle of _________ refers to the mandate that children with disabilities are to be placed with nondisabled peers whenever appropriate.

Question 61

Describe how adults help foster field-dependence and field-independence.

Question 62

When individual test scores are compared to norms on scientifically selected items, the process is called _________ testing.

Question 63

Stephanie has a classroom in which the students work together to accomplish shared goals. Stephanie's classroom would be characterized by a _________ goal structure.

Question 64

Students in traditional, teacher-directed classrooms tended to perform better __________________ than students in modern, learner-directed programs.

Question 65

Imagine you are explaining Howard's Theory of Multiple Intelligences to a group of high school seniors. Describe what you would say, including categories of intelligence as found in the text.

Question 66

Describe how an individualistic perspective might look different in the classroom from one that is collectivistic. Focus your answer on differences related to objects/people, possessions, achievement goals, and social roles.

Question 67

Describe the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act as it relates to children's learning in the classroom.

Question 68

Describe the various roles a teacher can play, including as they relate to modeling and leadership.

Question 69

In a learner-directed classroom, __________________motivation guides children's learning.

Question 70

The researcher best known for the idea that any person can be conditioned to learn provided they are presented with appropriate reinforcers is _________.

Question 71

When evaluations are based on real performance showing mastery of a task rather than performance on a specific test, the process is referred to as _________ assessment.

Question 72

In the ___________________ goal setting, each student expects to be left alone by other students and to take a major part of the responsibility for completing the task.

Question 73

When schools and teachers are held responsible for student learning and/or achievement outcomes, this is called _________.

Question 74

Describe how a teacher-directed model differs from a learner-directed model on the dimensions of structure, management, curriculum, motivation, and method.

Question 75

Detail how students' expectations for learning vary by goal structure of the classroom. Base your answer on the three types of goal structures described in your textbook.

Question 76

Describe differences in teacher-student interaction based on gender.

Question 77

The systematic abuse by one person in an intimate relationship in order to control and dominate the partner is termed _________.

Question 78

Following the study by Duncan & Magnuson (2005), describe the academic achievement of disadvantaged children by income, education, family structure, and neighborhood.

Question 79

Mary Ella is a child who has been repeatedly exposed to family violence. Based on your readings, describe the kinds of feelings one would expect Mary Ella to have.

Question 80

Compare/contrast an authoritarian teacher with one who has a democratic or laissez-faire style.