Deck 11: Managing Systems Implementation

Question 1

Software ____ is a software development process that stresses solid design, effective structure, accurate documentation, and careful testing.

A) analysis
B) engineering
C) agility
D) synthesis

Answer 1

B

Question 2

____ is the process of reviewing the program code to spot logic errors, which produce incorrect results.

A) Desk checking
B) Code review
C) Results walkthrough
D) Logic review

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A class diagram includes the class ____, which represent the program logic.

A) attributes
B) events
C) methods
D) characters

Answer 3

C

Question 4

____ measures a module's scope and processing characteristics.

A) Coupling
B) Indexing
C) Cohesion
D) Piloting

Question 5

____ requires that a software supplier document all testing and maintain records of test results.

A) ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
B) SEI (Software Engineering Institute)
C) ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)
D) CAIT (Center for the Application of Information Technologies)

Question 6

A class diagram includes the class ____, which describe the characteristics of objects in the class.

A) methods
B) keys
C) events
D) attributes

Question 7

Application ____ is the process of constructing the programs and code modules that serves as the building blocks of an information system.

A) structuring
B) analysis
C) development
D) connectivity

Question 8

____ graphically represent the logic and interaction between program modules using a series of symbols connected by arrows.

A) Training plans
B) Acceptance tests
C) Flowcharts
D) Simulations

Question 9

A ____ consists of related program code organized into small units that are easy to understand and maintain.

A) mode
B) stub
C) decision tree
D) module

Question 10

____ describes the degree of interdependence among modules.

A) Resolution
B) Modularity
C) Dynamism
D) Coupling

Question 11

Many organizations require a more formal type of desk checking called a structured walkthrough, or ____ review.

A) design
B) integrated
C) code
D) interpolated

Question 12

In ____ programming, two programmers work on the same task on the same computer.

A) parallel
B) duo
C) double
D) driver

Question 13

The objective of ____ testing is to identify and eliminate execution errors that could cause a program to terminate abnormally, and logic errors that could have been missed during desk checking.

A) unit
B) integration
C) user
D) system

Question 14

To achieve better, faster, and less expensive methods of software development, ____ designed the Capability Maturity Model (CMM)®, which improves quality, reduces development time, and cuts costs.

A) ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
B) SEI (Software Engineering Institute)
C) ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)
D) CAIT (Center for the Application of Information Technologies)

Question 15

In sequence, the four steps typically followed to create a structure chart are ____.

A) review the DFDs; identify modules and relationships; add couples, loops, and conditions; analyze the structure chart and the data dictionary
B) identify modules and relationships; add couples, loops, and conditions; analyze the structure chart and the data dictionary; review the DFDs
C) add couples, loops, and conditions; analyze the structure chart and the data dictionary; review the DFDs; identify modules and relationships
D) analyze the structure chart and the data dictionary; review the DFDs; identify modules and relationships; add couples, loops, and conditions

Question 16

In a(n) ____ approach, the systems analyst defines the overall objectives of a system and then breaks them down into subsystems and modules.

A) top-down
B) piloted
C) indexed
D) integrated

Question 17

In a structure chart, a curved arrow represents a ____, which indicates that one or more modules are repeated.

A) pilot
B) flag
C) loop
D) unit

Question 18

A module that performs a single function or task has a high degree of ____, which is desirable.

A) piloting
B) indexing
C) cohesion
D) resolution

Question 19

In a structure chart, a control couple shows a message, also called a status ____, which one module sends to another.

A) pilot
B) flag
C) loop
D) unit

Question 20

In a structure chart, a(n) ____ line, which has a diamond on one end, indicates that a control module determines which subordinate modules will be invoked.

A) method
B) condition
C) class
D) attribute

Question 21

During ____ testing, programmers must test programs that interact with other programs and files individually, before they are integrated into the system.

A) unit
B) integrated
C) link
D) outcome

Question 22

As the accompanying figure illustrates, the ____ approach causes the changeover from the old system to the new system to occur immediately when the new system becomes operational.

A) phased operation
B) parallel operation
C) pilot operation
D) direct cutover

Question 23

At the end of the systems implementation phase, the final report to management should include ____.

A) final versions of all system documentation
B) a comparison of actual costs and schedules to the original estimates
C) planned modifications and enhancements to the system that have been identified
D) all of the above

Question 24

Program documentation ____.

A) describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules
B) describes a system's functions and how they are implemented
C) contains all the information needed for processing and distributing printed output
D) consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

Question 25

Unless a problem must be corrected, or modifications or enhancements must be made, access to the operational environment is limited to ____ and must be strictly controlled.

A) systems analysts
B) users
C) programmers
D) all of the above

Question 26

In a technique called ____ testing, the programmer simulates each program outcome or result and displays a message to indicate whether or not the program executed successfully.

A) modular
B) stub
C) outcome
D) unit

Question 27

A test plan consists of detailed procedures that specify ____.

A) how and when testing will be performed
B) what test data will be used
C) who will participate
D) all of the above

Question 28

____ cutover involves more risk than other changeover methods.

A) Direct
B) Pilot
C) Parallel
D) Phased

Question 29

Operations documentation ____.

A) describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules
B) describes a system's functions and how they are implemented
C) contains all the information needed for processing and distributing online and printed output
D) consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

Question 30

In addition to analyzing logic and program code, a project team usually holds a session with users, called a ____ walkthrough, to review the interface with a cross-section of people who will work with the new system and ensure that all the necessary features have been included.

A) unit
B) design
C) testing
D) user

Question 31

As the accompanying figure illustrates, the ____ changeover method requires that both the old and the new information systems operate fully for a specific period.

A) phased operation
B) parallel operation
C) pilot operation
D) direct cutover

Question 32

As the accompanying figure illustrates, the ____ changeover method involves implementing the complete new system at a selected location of the company.

A) phased operation
B) parallel operation
C) pilot operation
D) direct cutover

Question 33

The testing of an individual module is called ____ testing.

A) modular
B) index
C) stub
D) unit

Question 34

Using a ____ strategy, knowledgeable users can be selected who then conduct sessions for others.

A) structured walkthrough
B) train-the-trainer
C) desk checking
D) top-down design

Question 35

User documentation ____.

A) describes the inputs, outputs, and processing logic for all program modules
B) describes a system's functions and how they are implemented
C) contains all the information needed for processing and distributing printed output
D) consists of instructions and information to users who will interact with the system

Question 36

A Web site for the ____ describes a variety of IT education and training resources.

A) International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
B) Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
C) Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
D) Center for the Application of Information Technologies (CAIT)

Question 37

When evaluating a system, a systems analyst should do all of the following except ____.

A) observe users and computer operations personnel working with the new system
B) examine all source documents, output reports, and screen displays
C) use interviews to gather information and opinions from a large number of users
D) read all documentation and training materials

Question 38

Successful completion of system testing is the key to user and management approval, which is why system tests sometimes are called ____.

A) implementation tests
B) modular tests
C) structure tests
D) acceptance tests

Question 39

As the accompanying figure illustrates, the ____ changeover method allows the new system to be implemented in stages, or modules.

A) phased operation
B) parallel operation
C) pilot operation
D) direct cutover

Question 40

Integration testing is sometimes known as ____ testing.

A) unit
B) modular
C) link
D) outcome

Question 41

Structure charts are based on the DFDs constructed during data and process modeling and object models that might have been developed.

Question 42

If a module must perform multiple tasks, ____.

A) the module will be less difficult to create and maintain
B) the module will be more difficult to create and maintain
C) less complex coding is required
D) more complex coding is required

Question 43

In a top-down design, the overall objectives of a system are broken down into ____ in a process called partitioning.

A) subsystems
B) flags
C) modules
D) pilot sites

Question 44

User documentation includes ____.

A) security and audit trail information
B) program, systems analyst, programmer, and system identification
C) frequently asked questions (FAQs)
D) description of source document content, preparation, processing, and samples

Question 45

If one module refers to internal logic contained in another module, the modules are loosely coupled. _________________________

Question 46

Errors found during a structured walkthrough are harder to fix. _________________________

Question 47

To draw a structure chart, working from a logical model the systems analyst transforms program modules into functional primitives and object methods.

Question 48

Podcasts can be prescheduled, made available on demand, or delivered as automatic updates. _________________________

Question 49

When the output from a validation program becomes input to a master file update program, testing the two programs independently guarantees that the data passed between them is correct.

Question 50

Compiling a program using a CASE tool or a language compiler detects syntax errors, which are language grammar errors.

Question 51

Although programmers perform the actual coding, IT managers usually assign systems analysts to work with them as part of a team effort.

Question 52

If a module must be made more cohesive, it can be combined into one unit, which performs multiple functions.

Question 53

A testing sequence should move to the integration stage as soon as it has performed properly in any unit tests.

Question 54

Systems analysts use application generators, report writers, screen generators, fourth-generation languages, and other CASE tools that produce code directly from program design specifications.

Question 55

Parallel operation is the least costly changeover method. _________________________

Question 56

Modules that are independent are tightly coupled. _________________________

Question 57

Working from a general plan, a programmer uses a programming language to transform code statements into program logic.

Question 58

Using flowcharts, programmers can break large systems into subsystems that are easier to understand and code.

Question 59

The test environment for an information system contains ____.

A) hardware and software configurations and settings
B) system utilities
C) copies of all programs and procedures
D) copies of test data files

Question 60

When developing a training program, which of the following guidelines should be kept in mind?

A) train people individually, with shared training programs for distinct groups
B) select the most effective place to conduct the training
C) provide for learning by hearing, seeing, and doing
D) rely on previous trainees

Question 61

Phased operation is more expensive than full parallel operation because the entire system must be worked with at a time.

Question 62

Whenever possible, people who were not directly involved in developing a system should conduct the post-implementation evaluation.

Question 63

The main objective of ____________________ is to avoid problems or to detect them as soon as possible.

Question 64

Post-implementation evaluation primarily is concerned with assessing the quality of a new system.

Question 65

The post-implementation evaluation verifies that a new system meets specified requirements, complies with user objectives, and produces the anticipated benefits.

Question 66

Effective online documentation is an important productivity tool because it empowers users and reduces the time that IT staff members must spend in providing telephone, e-mail, or face-to-face assistance.

Question 67

A(n) ____________________, such as that illustrated in the accompanying figure, consists of rectangles that represent the program modules, with arrows and other symbols that provide additional information.

Question 68

In a structure chart, such as the one shown in the accompanying figure, a higher-level module, called a(n) ____________________ module, directs lower-level modules.

Question 69

A systems analyst prepares most of the systems documentation during the systems analysis and systems design phases.

Question 70

Restricting the implementation to a pilot site increases the risk of system failure, compared with a direct cutover method, and operating both systems for only the pilot site is more expensive than a parallel operation for the entire company.

Question 71

In a structure chart, such as the one shown in the accompanying figure, a(n) ____________________ module is reusable code and can be invoked from more than one point in a structure chart.

Question 72

Systems analysts prepare overall documentation, such as process descriptions and report layouts, early in the SDLC.

Question 73

The skill set required to develop documentation usually is the same as that to develop a system.

Question 74

Commercial software packages must undergo unit and integration testing similar to that of in-house developed systems, although system testing usually is not performed.

Question 75

Post-implementation evaluations are optional for most information systems projects.

Question 76

To minimize the need to require information from two different systems, cyclical information systems usually are converted using the direct cutover method at the beginning of a quarter, calendar year, or fiscal year.

Question 77

In a structure chart, such as the one shown in the accompanying figure, a lower-level module is called a(n) ____________________ module.

Question 78

Systems analysts seldom are responsible for preparing documentation to help users learn a system.

Question 79

Most Webinars are Web-based broadcasts that allow a user to receive audio or multimedia files using music player software.

Question 80

Data conversion is easier when the new system replaces a manual system, because all data can be entered manually, unless it must be scanned.